1
|
Seyed Siamdoust SA, Zaman B, Noorizad S, Alimian M, Barekati M. Comparison of the Effect of Intercostobrachial Nerve Block with and Without Ultrasound Guidance on Tourniquet Pain After Axillary Block of Brachial Plexus: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Anesth Pain Med 2023; 13:e134819. [PMID: 37601964 PMCID: PMC10439685 DOI: 10.5812/aapm-134819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A tourniquet is used to control bleeding in the surgical field. Because part of the inner arm is innervated by the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN), a tourniquet can cause intolerable pain. Objectives The present study aimed to compare the effect of ICBN block with and without ultrasound (US) guidance on tourniquet pain after axillary block. Methods This study was performed on 60 patients who were candidates for surgery. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the control group (n = 22), the traditional ICBN (TICBN) blockade group (n = 19), and the US-guided ICBN blockade group (n = 19). After the intervention, the duration of the onset and intensity of pain was recorded for all patients according to the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Results No significant differences were observed in demographic variables between the 3 groups (P > 0.05). The pain intensity in the TICBN blockade (P = 0.001) and US-guided ICBN blockade (P = 0.001) groups was significantly less than in the control group. The mean duration of pain onset was significantly higher in the TICBN blockade (P = 0.021) and US-guided ICBN blockade (P = 0.013) groups than in the control group. No significant difference was observed in the mean of pain intensity (P = 0.48) and the mean duration of pain onset (P = 0.44) between the US-guided ICBN blockade and TICBN blockade groups. Conclusions The pain caused by a tourniquet can be managed by ICBN block during hand and forearm surgery. It is recommended to use US guidance for more success and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Alireza Seyed Siamdoust
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pain Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Zaman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pain Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samad Noorizad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pain Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Alimian
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pain Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Barekati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le-Wendling L, Ihnatsenka B, Jones A, Smith CR, Helander E, Kedrowski J, Nin OC, Gunnett AM, Zasimovich Y. Role of an Intercostobrachial Nerve Block in Alleviating Tourniquet Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cureus 2022; 14:e22196. [PMID: 35308761 PMCID: PMC8925992 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tourniquet pain may have cutaneous and ischemic components. It is questionable whether blockade of a sensory nerve will help reduce ischemic pain. In addition, complete anesthesia of the axilla in the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) distribution is challenging to execute, and ICBN blockade has an inherently higher failure rate because of its variable anatomic location and source of innervation. We sought to determine the utility of an ICBN block for the prevention of tourniquet pain. Methods We conducted a single-center randomized controlled trial at a major academic medical center involving patients scheduled to undergo distal upper extremity surgery under ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Forty patients were randomized to receive an additional ICBN block or no ICBN block, with 22 allocated to the intervention and 18 to control. We collected data on the incidence of tourniquet pain and systemic anesthetic requirements. Results Initial contingency analysis examining the relationship between ICBN block placement and the development of pain using the two-tailed Fisher exact test failed to show that the presence or absence of ICBN block was associated with the development of tourniquet pain. χ2 analysis failed to show that tourniquet time was significantly related to the development of tourniquet pain. Conclusions The overall incidence of tourniquet pain in the setting of a dense supraclavicular brachial plexus block for surgical anesthesia was low even without an ICBN block and even with tourniquet times greater than 90 min. Tourniquet pain was easily managed with small amounts of systemic analgesics.
Collapse
|
3
|
Evaluation of Monitored Anesthesia Care Involving Sedation and Axillary Nerve Block for Day-Case Hand Surgery. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020313. [PMID: 35206928 PMCID: PMC8872222 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus block (ABPB) is a technique of choice for regional anesthesia during hand and forearm surgery. Intravenous sedation may facilitate this procedure, particularly for those suffering from anxiety; however, it can also be associated with respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological side effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous sedation on perioperative respiratory depression for patients undergoing day-case hand surgery under ABPB. Methods: A prospective, observational, single-center study was conducted between 1 May and 1 November 2016. Results: A total of 2318 patients were included, with 501 patients in the group with IV sedation and 1817 in the group without. A multivariable propensity-score matched analysis showed that the variables associated with the number of desaturation were: (i) sedation (aRR 1.534 [95% CI: 1.283 to 1.836]), (ii) age and sex, (iii) type of surgery, and iv) Body Mass Index (BMI). Conclusions: Supplementing ABPB with IV sedation was associated with an increased rate of respiratory depression (episodes of desaturation) compared to fully awakened patients. The rate of oxygen administration was also higher in sedated patients even though they had fewer cases of chronic respiratory diseases and fewer were active smokers than non-sedated patients. Future research should consider precisely evaluating patient satisfaction, as well as the differences between sedation and drug-free approaches.
Collapse
|
4
|
Costoclavicular-serratus anterior muscle space brachial plexus block provides complete and fast analgesia for patients with upper limb trauma. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29:74. [PMID: 34078412 PMCID: PMC8173739 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-021-00887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
5
|
Ultrasound to the Rescue: Axillary Clearance under Complete Regional Blockade. Case Rep Anesthesiol 2021; 2021:6655930. [PMID: 33628515 PMCID: PMC7892239 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
No single regional anaesthetic technique is capable of complete anaesthesia of the axillary region. Regional or interfascial nerve blockade could be an effective alternative where administering general anaesthesia is not feasible, with superior analgesia, favourable haemodynamics, and reduced opiate related adverse effects. Ultrasound guidance improves effectiveness and safety profile. We report a case of a successful axillary clearance conducted under combined regional blocks for an axillary nodal recurrence following mastectomy for a breast carcinoma, in a patient who was not fit for general anaesthesia due to a persistent lobar pneumonia and recurrent asthma exacerbations. Our experience and current evidence supersede the initial conceptions of difficult ultrasonic intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) visualization.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu WT, Chang KV, Hsu YC, Hsu PC, Ricci V, Özçakar L. Artifacts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography: From Physics to Clinics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090645. [PMID: 32867385 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090645.pmid:32867385;pmcid:pmc7555047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound appears to be the most useful imaging tool in the diagnosis and guided treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. However, ultrasonography has been criticized for being user dependent. Therefore, medical professionals should be familiar with the basic principles of ultrasound imaging (e.g., physics and technical skills) to diminish artifacts and avoid misinterpretation. In this review, we focused on the physics of common artifacts, their clinical significance, and the ways to tackle them in daily practice during musculoskeletal imaging. In particular, artifacts pertaining to the focal zone, beam attenuation, path and side lobe of the beam, speed of the sound, and range ambiguity were described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan
| | - Vincenzo Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Levent Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu WT, Chang KV, Hsu YC, Hsu PC, Ricci V, Özçakar L. Artifacts in Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography: From Physics to Clinics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090645. [PMID: 32867385 PMCID: PMC7555047 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound appears to be the most useful imaging tool in the diagnosis and guided treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. However, ultrasonography has been criticized for being user dependent. Therefore, medical professionals should be familiar with the basic principles of ultrasound imaging (e.g., physics and technical skills) to diminish artifacts and avoid misinterpretation. In this review, we focused on the physics of common artifacts, their clinical significance, and the ways to tackle them in daily practice during musculoskeletal imaging. In particular, artifacts pertaining to the focal zone, beam attenuation, path and side lobe of the beam, speed of the sound, and range ambiguity were described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan; (W.-T.W.); (P.-C.H.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan; (W.-T.W.); (P.-C.H.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yu-Chun Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan; (W.-T.W.); (P.-C.H.)
| | - Vincenzo Ricci
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Levent Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Zhang H, Xie Z, Zhang Q, Jiang W, Zhang J. The effectiveness of additional thoracic paravertebral block in improving the anesthetic effects of regional anesthesia for proximal humeral fracture surgery in elderly patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2020; 21:204. [PMID: 32075674 PMCID: PMC7031908 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innervation of the shoulder-upper-extremity area is complicated and unclear. Regional anesthesia with a brachial plexus and cervical plexus block is probably inadequate for the proximal humeral surgery. Missing blockade of the T1-T2 nerves may be the reason. We conduct this prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) to explore whether an additional T2 thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) can improve the success rate of regional anesthesia for elderly patients in proximal humeral fracture surgery. METHODS/DESIGN The patients aged 65 years or older, referred for anterior-approach proximal humeral fracture surgery, will be enrolled. Each patient will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive a combined interscalene brachial plexus with superficial cervical plexus block (IC) (combined interscalene brachial plexus with superficial cervical plexus block) or an IC block combined with thoracic paravertebral block (ICTP) block (combined thoracic paravertebral block with brachial plexus and superficial cervical plexus block). The primary outcome is the success rate of regional anesthesia without rescue analgesic methods. The secondary outcomes are as follows: sensory block at the surgical area, proportion of patients who need rescue anesthesia (intravenously administered remifentanil or conversion to general anesthesia), cumulative doses of intraoperative vasoactive medications and adverse events. The total sample size is estimated to be 80 patients. DISCUSSION This RCT aims to confirm whether an additional T2 TPVB can provide better anesthetic effects of regional anesthesia with brachial and cervical plexus block in elderly patients undergoing proximal humeral surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03919422. Registered on 19 April 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mangla C, Kamath HS, Yarmush J. Bilateral Brachial Plexus Block Using Chloroprocaine For Surgery Of Bilateral Radial Fractures [Response To Letter]. Local Reg Anesth 2019; 12:125-126. [PMID: 31819610 PMCID: PMC6877540 DOI: 10.2147/lra.s238432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Mangla
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Joel Yarmush
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hendriksen E, Slagt C. Bilateral Brachial Plexus Block Using Chloroprocaine For Surgery Of Bilateral Radial Fractures [Letter]. Local Reg Anesth 2019; 12:109-110. [PMID: 31807062 PMCID: PMC6850673 DOI: 10.2147/lra.s233411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hendriksen
- Department Anaesthesia, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Slagt
- Department Anaesthesia, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6500 HB, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Varela V, Ruíz C, Pomés J, Pomés I, Montecinos S, Sala-Blanch X. Usefulness of high-resolution ultrasound for small nerve blocks: visualization of intercostobrachial and medial brachial cutaneous nerves in the axillary area. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019; 44:rapm-2019-100689. [PMID: 31451625 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2019-100689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-resolution ultrasound (HRU) allows one to identify small nerves, but in the clinical setting, intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) and medial brachial cutaneous nerve (MBCN) are not identified with conventional portable ultrasound (CPU) devices. The aim of this study is to identify both nerves and describe their relation with specific anatomical structures which could be easily identified with the ultrasound devices available in the clinical setting. METHODS 21 healthy patients were scanned using HRU bilaterally in the axillary area located over the conjoint tendon to find the ICBN and MBCN and describe their anatomic relations. 5 fresh cadavers were used to validate the previous anatomical findings. ICBN and MBCN ultrasound-guided block was performed with 5 mL of methylene blue and iodine contrast, and the distribution was assessed by both CT scan and dissection. RESULTS ICBN and MBCN were identified in all cases. The average distance of the ICBN branches to the artery was 35±6 mm in men and 27±5 mm in women. Constant identification of the muscle-tendon junction of the latissimus dorsi muscle with respect to the location of the branches of the ICBN nerve was observed. Dissection and CT scan confirmed these findings. CONCLUSION HRU is a useful tool to identify ICBN and MBCN nerves, and to describe structures which can be easily identified with CPU use in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Varela
- Master in Advanced Medical Skills in Regional Anesthesia based in Anatomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruíz
- Master in Advanced Medical Skills in Regional Anesthesia based in Anatomy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Pomés
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Pomés
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Montecinos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinica MEDS, Las Condes, Chile
| | - Xavier Sala-Blanch
- Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Embryology and Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Varela VM, Ruiz CA, Montecinos S, Sala-Blanch X. Ultrasound-guided selective block of the medial brachial cutaneous and the intercostobrachial nerves for proximal arteriovenous fistula surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019; 44:rapm-2018-100298. [PMID: 30635508 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2018-100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Varela
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos A Ruiz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínic, Universitat of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Xavier Sala-Blanch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Anatomy and Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang KV, Mezian K, Naňka O, Wu WT, Lou YM, Wang JC, Martinoli C, Özçakar L. Ultrasound Imaging for the Cutaneous Nerves of the Extremities and Relevant Entrapment Syndromes: From Anatomy to Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E457. [PMID: 30469370 PMCID: PMC6262579 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous nerve entrapment plays an important role in neuropathic pain syndrome. Due to the advancement of ultrasound technology, the cutaneous nerves can be visualized by high-resolution ultrasound. As the cutaneous nerves course superficially in the subcutaneous layer, they are vulnerable to entrapment or collateral damage in traumatic insults. Scanning of the cutaneous nerves is challenging due to fewer anatomic landmarks for referencing. Therefore, the aim of the present article is to summarize the anatomy of the limb cutaneous nerves, to elaborate the scanning techniques, and also to discuss the clinical implications of pertinent entrapment syndromes of the medial brachial cutaneous nerve, intercostobrachial cutaneous nerve, medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve, superficial branch of the radial nerve, dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, anterior femoral cutaneous nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, sural nerve, and saphenous nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Kamal Mezian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Naňka
- Institute of Anatomy, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Wei-Ting Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei 10845, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Ming Lou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Jia-Chi Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan.
| | - Carlo Martinoli
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Levent Özçakar
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Randomized comparative study between two different techniques of intercostobrachial nerve block together with brachial plexus block during superficialization of arteriovenous fistula. J Anesth 2018; 32:725-730. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|