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Genter J, Croci E, Ewald H, Müller AM, Mündermann A, Baumgartner D. Ex vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics: A scoping review. Med Eng Phys 2023; 117:104003. [PMID: 37331756 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical studies of the shoulder often choose an ex vivo approach, especially when investigating the active and passive contribution of individual muscles. Although various simulators of the glenohumeral joint and its muscles have been developed, to date a testing standard has not been established. The objective of this scoping review was to present an overview of methodological and experimental studies describing ex vivo simulators that assess unconstrained, muscular driven shoulder biomechanics. METHODS All studies with ex vivo or mechanical simulation experiments using an unconstrained glenohumeral joint simulator and active components mimicking the muscles were included in this scoping review. Static experiments and humeral motion imposed through an external guide, e.g., a robotic device, were excluded. RESULTS Nine different glenohumeral simulators were identified in 51 studies after the screening process. We identified four control strategies characterized by: (a) using a primary loader to determine the secondary loaders with constant force ratios; (b) using variable muscle force ratios according to electromyography; (c) calibrating the muscle path profile and control each motor according to this profile; or (d) using muscle optimization. CONCLUSION The simulators with the control strategy (b) (n = 1) or (d) (n = 2) appear most promising due to its capability to mimic physiological muscle loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Genter
- IMES Institute of Mechanical Systems, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Eleonora Croci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ewald
- University Medical Library, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Baumgartner
- IMES Institute of Mechanical Systems, Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Genter J, Croci E, Ewald H, Müller AM, Mündermann A, Baumgartner D. Ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics: a scoping review protocol. F1000Res 2022; 11:77. [PMID: 36704048 PMCID: PMC9834666.3 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.72856.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Shoulder biomechanics cannot be measured directly in living persons. While different glenohumeral joint simulators have been developed to investigate the role of the glenohumeral muscles in shoulder biomechanics, a standard for these simulators has not been defined. With this scoping review we want to describe available ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics. Objective: The scoping review aims at identifying methodological and/or experimental studies describing or involving ex-vivo simulators that assess unconstrained shoulder biomechanics and synthesizing their strengths and limitations. Inclusion criteria: All unconstrained glenohumeral joint simulators published in connection with ex-vivo or mechanical simulation experiments will be included. Studies on glenohumeral simulators with active components to mimic the muscles will be included. We will exclude studies where the experiment is static or the motion is induced through an external guide, e.g., a robotic device. Methods: We will perform database searching in PubMed, Embase via Elsevier and Web of Science. Two reviewers will independently assess full texts of selected abstracts. Direct backward and forward citation tracking on included articles will be conducted. We will narratively synthesize the results and derive recommendations for designing ex-vivo simulators for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Genter
- ZHAW School of Engineering, IMES Institute for Mechanical Systems, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Croci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ewald
- University Medical Library, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Baumgartner
- ZHAW School of Engineering, IMES Institute for Mechanical Systems, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Genter J, Croci E, Ewald H, Müller AM, Mündermann A, Baumgartner D. Ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics: a scoping review protocol. F1000Res 2022; 11:77. [PMID: 36704048 PMCID: PMC9834666 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.72856.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Shoulder biomechanics cannot be measured directly in living persons. While different glenohumeral joint simulators have been developed to investigate the role of the glenohumeral muscles in shoulder biomechanics, a standard for these simulators has not been defined. With this scoping review we want to describe available ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics. Objective: The scoping review aims at identifying methodological and/or experimental studies describing or involving ex-vivo simulators that assess unconstrained shoulder biomechanics and synthesizing their strengths and limitations. Inclusion criteria: All unconstrained glenohumeral joint simulators published in connection with ex-vivo or mechanical simulation experiments will be included. Studies on glenohumeral simulators with active components to mimic the muscles will be included. We will exclude studies where the experiment is static or the motion is induced through an external guide, e.g., a robotic device. Methods: We will perform database searching in PubMed, Embase via Elsevier and Web of Science. Two reviewers will independently assess full texts of selected abstracts. Direct backward and forward citation tracking on included articles will be conducted. We will narratively synthesize the results and derive recommendations for designing ex-vivo simulators for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Genter
- ZHAW School of Engineering, IMES Institute for Mechanical Systems, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Croci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ewald
- University Medical Library, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Baumgartner
- ZHAW School of Engineering, IMES Institute for Mechanical Systems, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Genter J, Croci E, Ewald H, Müller AM, Mündermann A, Baumgartner D. Ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics: a scoping review protocol. F1000Res 2022; 11:77. [PMID: 36704048 PMCID: PMC9834666.2 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.72856.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Shoulder biomechanics cannot be measured directly in living persons. While different glenohumeral joint simulators have been developed to investigate the role of the glenohumeral muscles in shoulder biomechanics, a standard for these simulators has not been defined. With this scoping review we want to describe available ex-vivo experimental strategies for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics. Objective: The scoping review aims at identifying methodological and/or experimental studies describing or involving ex-vivo simulators that assess unconstrained shoulder biomechanics and synthesizing their strengths and limitations. Inclusion criteria: All unconstrained glenohumeral joint simulators published in connection with ex-vivo or mechanical simulation experiments will be included. Studies on glenohumeral simulators with active components to mimic the muscles will be included. We will exclude studies where the experiment is static or the motion is induced through an external guide, e.g., a robotic device. Methods: We will perform database searching in PubMed, Embase via Elsevier and Web of Science. Two reviewers will independently assess full texts of selected abstracts. Direct backward and forward citation tracking on included articles will be conducted. We will narratively synthesize the results and derive recommendations for designing ex-vivo simulators for assessing unconstrained shoulder biomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Genter
- ZHAW School of Engineering, IMES Institute for Mechanical Systems, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Croci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ewald
- University Medical Library, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas M Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Baumgartner
- ZHAW School of Engineering, IMES Institute for Mechanical Systems, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Nabhani F, Hughes DJ, Hodgson S. Design and validation of a novel combined ex-vivo testing medium for investigating forces in the glenohumeral joint. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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