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Liu C, Sun C, Cheng Y. β-Glucan alleviates mice with ulcerative colitis through interactions between gut microbes and amino acids metabolism. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4006-4016. [PMID: 36433918 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food polysaccharide 1,3-β-d-glucan (OBG) has been shown to alleviate ulcerative colitis (UC) in a mouse model, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate potential mechanisms involving interactions among gut microbiota, microbial metabolites and host metabolic function. RESULTS OBG alleviated colonic inflammation, barrier dysfunction and intestinal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in mice with UC. In addition, the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, Alistipes, Erysipelatoclostridium and Blautia increased, whereas the abundance of Proteus, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcus decreased within the gut microbiota upon OBG treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed that intestinal enzymes altered upon OBG treatment were mainly enriched in sub-pathways of amino acid biosynthesis. Metabolomics analyses showed that l-tryptophan, l-tyrosine, l-phenylalanine and l-alanine increased, which is consistent with the predictive metabolism of gut microbiota. Correlation analysis and interaction networks highlighted gut microbiota (especially Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides, Proteus and Blautia), metabolites (especially l-phenylalanine, l-tryptophan, l-tyrosine and acetic acid) and metabolism (phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis) that may be key targets of OBG. CONCLUSION OBG is beneficial to the gut microecological balance in mice with colitis, mainly becaue of its impact on the interactions between gut microbes and amino acids metabolism (especially tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Changwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Chen X, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Fan S, Wei Y, Yang Z, Wang F, Peng X. Potential Effect of Glutamine in the Improvement of Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation and the Alleviation of Burn-Induced Intestinal Injury via Activating YAP: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071766. [PMID: 37049605 PMCID: PMC10097377 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injury is a common form of traumatic injury that leads to high mortality worldwide. A severe burn injury usually induces gut barrier dysfunction, partially resulting from the impairment in the proliferation and self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) post burns. As a main energy substance of small intestinal enterocytes, glutamine (Gln) is important for intestinal cell viability and growth, while its roles in ISCs-induced regeneration after burns are still unclear. To demonstrate the potential effects of Gln in improving ISCs proliferation and alleviating burn-induced intestinal injury, in this study, we verified that Gln significantly alleviated small intestine injury in burned mice model. It showed that Gln could significantly decrease the ferroptosis of crypt cells in the ileum, promote the proliferation of ISCs, and repair the crypt. These effects of Gln were also confirmed in the mouse small intestine organoids model. Further research found that Yes-associated protein (YAP) is suppressed after burn injury, and Gln could improve cell proliferation and accelerate the renewal of the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier after burns by activating YAP. YAP is closely associated with the changes in intestinal stem cell proliferation after burn injury and could be served as a potential target for severe burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Panyang Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shijun Fan
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhifan Yang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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Cannon AR, Anderson LJ, Galicia K, Murray MG, Kamran AS, Li X, Gonzalez RP, Choudhry MA. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY-INDUCED INFLAMMATION AND GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY DYSFUNCTION. Shock 2023; 59:621-626. [PMID: 36645886 PMCID: PMC10065904 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, with an annual cost of 60 billion dollars. There is evidence suggesting that in the post-TBI period, the gastrointestinal tract plays a central role in driving organ and immune dysfunction and may be the source of increased circulating proinflammatory mediators. In this study, we examined systemic inflammation and bacterial dysbiosis in patients who sustained a TBI with or without polytrauma. Using a mouse model of TBI, we further show how neuroinflammation after TBI is potentially linked to disruptions in gut homeostasis such as intestinal transit and inflammation. Methods: During a study of trauma patients performed from September 1, 2018, to September 1, 2019, at a single, level 1 trauma center, TBI patients aged 21 to 95 years were enrolled. Patients were categorized as TBI based on evidence of acute abnormal findings on head computed tomographic scan, which was a combination of isolated TBI and TBI with polytrauma. Blood and stool samples were collected between 24 h and 3 days after admission. Twelve plasma samples and 10 fecal samples were used for this study. Healthy control samples were obtained from a healthy control biobank. We examined systemic inflammation and bacterial changes in patients who sustained a TBI. In addition, TBI was induced in 9- to 10-week-old male mice; we assessed neuroinflammation, and intestine transit (motility) and bacterial changes 24 h after TBI. Results: When compared with healthy controls, TBI patients had increased systemic inflammation as evidenced by increased levels of IFN-γ and MCP-1 and a trend toward an increase of IL-6 and IL-8 ( P = 0.0551 and P = 0.0549), respectively. The anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4, was also decreased in TBI patients. Although there was a trend of an increase in copy number of Enterobacteriaceae and a decrease in copy number of Lactobacillus in both patients and mice after TBI, these trends were not found to be significantly different. However, TBI significantly increased the copy number of another potential pathogenic bacteria Bilophila wadsworthia in TBI patients compared with healthy controls. After a moderate TBI, mice had increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, CXCL1, s100a9, and Ly6G and decreased IL-10 in the brain lesion after TBI. This accompanied decreased transit and increased TNF-α in the small intestine of mice after TBI. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that TBI increases systemic inflammation, intestinal dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. More studies are needed to confirm whether changes in intestinal motility play a role in post-TBI neuroinflammation and cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R. Cannon
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Lillian J. Anderson
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin Galicia
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Mary Grace Murray
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Aadil S. Kamran
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard P. Gonzalez
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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Combination of microbiome and metabolome to analyze the cross-synergism mechanism of inulin and gut microbiota in vitro and vivo. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Martel J, Chang SH, Ko YF, Hwang TL, Young JD, Ojcius DM. Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:247-265. [PMID: 35151560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier protects the host against gut microbes, food antigens, and toxins present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, gut barrier integrity can be affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetic predisposition, the Western diet, antibiotics, alcohol, circadian rhythm disruption, psychological stress, and aging. Chronic disruption of the gut barrier can lead to translocation of microbial components into the body, producing systemic, low-grade inflammation. While the association between gut barrier integrity and inflammation in intestinal diseases is well established, we review here recent studies indicating that the gut barrier and microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development of metabolic, autoimmune, and aging-related disorders. Emerging interventions to improve gut barrier integrity and microbiota composition are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Qin C, Jiang Y, Chen X, Bian Y, Wang Y, Xie K, Yu Y. Dexmedetomidine protects against burn-induced intestinal barrier injury via the MLCK/p-MLC signalling pathway. Burns 2021; 47:1576-1585. [PMID: 33933302 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that sedative dexmedetomidine can prevent intestinal dysfunction. However, the specific mechanisms of its protective effects against burn-induced intestinal barrier injury remain unclear. We aimed to explore the possible positive effects of dexmedetomidine on burn-induced intestinal barrier injury and the effects the myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)/phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC) signalling pathway in an experimental model of burn injury. METHODS In this study, the plasma concentration of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled dextran (FITC-dextran) was measured. Histological changes were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Tight junction proteins were evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence analyses to assess the structural integrity of intestinal tight junctions. The level of inflammation was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The results shows that the increase in intestinal permeability caused by burn injury is accompanied by histological damage to the intestine, decreases in the expression of the tight junction proteins Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin, increases in inflammatory cytokine levels and elevation of both MLCK protein expression and MLC phosphorylation. After dexmedetomidine treatment, the burn-induced changes were ameliorated. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, dexmedetomidine exerted an anti-inflammatory effect and protected tight junction complexes against burn‑induced intestinal barrier damage by inhibiting the MLCK/p-MLC signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxue Bian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Liu C, Hu B, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. In-depth analysis of the mechanisms of aloe polysaccharides on mitigating subacute colitis in mice via microbiota informatics. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118041. [PMID: 33966825 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aloe polysaccharides (APs) are indigestible bioactive polysaccharides, while can be fermented by colonic microbiota. Although plant polysaccharides can alleviate subacute ulcerative colitis (SUC), the mechanisms APs regulated SUC via colonic microbiota have not been fully explored. Hence, to elucidate the complex interactions between the novel APs, colonic microbiota, SCFAs, and inflammation, the SUC mouse model and in-depth analysis were performed, including multiple bioinformatics analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). After APs intervention, SCFAs and SCFAs-producing genus, including Akkermansia and Blautia, were increased in colon, and the colonic inflammation and barrier dysfunction were alleviated significantly in SUC mice. Spearman analysis found positive correlations between microbiota and SCFAs. PICRUSt2 and KEGG analysis revealed 6-pyruvoyltetra hydropterin synthase in folate biosynthesis metabolism pathway was activated, while phosphotransferase system was inhibited. SEM results further proved APs was beneficial to gut micro-ecological balance in mice via SCFAs metabolism and anti-inflammatory functions. Together, APs could be exploited to alleviate SUC as dietary therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION While recent reports underscore the significance of the gut microbiome (GM) in health and disease, its importance in burn outcomes remains unclear. Moreover, aggressive intravenous (IV) fluid resuscitation of patients may alter intestinal flora. Herein, we describe GM changes following a large burn in swine randomized to different volumes of IV Lactated Ringers' (LR). METHODS Anesthetized Yorkshire swine sustained 40% total body surface area full-thickness burns and were randomized to different volumes of IV LR: none (n = 5), 15 mL/kg/d (low; n = 6), or 80 mL/kg/d (high; n = 6). At baseline and days 1 and 2, fecal swabs were collected for 16s rDNA sequencing. Proximal jejunum was collected immediately after euthanasia (day 2) for western blot, histopathology, and cytokine analyses. RESULTS Burns produced significant shifts in β-diversity and non-significant reductions in α-diversity that did not recover regardless of treatment group. Burn-induced increases in Proteobacteria and decreases in Firmicutes were attenuated by IV fluids in a dose-dependent manner, and also correlated with α-diversity. IV fluids caused a dose-dependent increase in Bacteroides and prevented a transient increase in the opportunistic pathogen Haemophilus parainfluenzae. While high volumes of IV fluids increased intestinal Hsp70 levels (P = 0.0464), they reduced SGLT1 (P = 0.0213) and caspase3 (P = 0.0139) levels. IV fluids elicited a non-specific cytokine response; however, Bacteroidetes levels correlated with intestinal IL18 levels (P = 0.0166, R = 0.4201). CONCLUSIONS We present the first report on the gut microbiome in a porcine burn model, and present data to suggest that IV fluids may influence GM and gut functional proteins following a burn. Overall, burn-induced GM diversity shifts may expose diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets to improve outcomes.
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Liu C, Hua H, Zhu H, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. Aloe polysaccharides ameliorate acute colitis in mice via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and short-chain fatty acids metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:804-812. [PMID: 34229016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Aloe polysaccharides (APs) are acetyl polysaccharides. It has been reported APs could protect mice from ulcerative colitis (UC), but the complex interactions between APs and the intestinal barrier were unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between APs and UC, and determined the synergistic effects of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism on protecting intestinal barrier in acute UC mice. Results showed APs could scavenge free radicals in vitro. In vivo, APs had the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect both in serum and colon. Besides, the pathological results showed APs could alleviate colonic lesions. Furthermore, our study indicated treatment with APs effectively increased SCFAs production. The inhibition of acute UC in mice was correlated with the APs-mediated effects on improving the expression of ZO-1, occludin, Nrf2, HO-I, and NQO1. Thus, APs effectively promoted the intestinal barrier via Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and SCFAs metabolism, effectively ameliorating acute colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Hanyi Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - HongKang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, No.1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, China.
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LncRNA Bmp1 promotes the healing of intestinal mucosal lesions via the miR-128-3p/PHF6/PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:595. [PMID: 34108447 PMCID: PMC8190101 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal injuries are directly or indirectly related to many common acute and chronic diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in many diseases, including intestinal mucosal injury. However, the relationship between lncRNAs and intestinal mucosal injury has not been determined. Here, we investigated the functions and mechanisms of action of lncRNA Bmp1 on damaged intestinal mucosa. We found that Bmp1 was increased in damaged intestinal mucosal tissue and Bmp1 overexpression was able to alleviate intestinal mucosal injury. Bmp1 overexpression was found to influence cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration in IEC-6 or HIEC-6 cells. Moreover, miR-128-3p was downregulated after Bmp1 overexpression, and upregulation of miR-128-3p reversed the effects of Bmp1 overexpression in IEC-6 cells. Phf6 was observed to be a target of miR-128-3p. Furthermore, PHF6 overexpression affected IEC-6 cells by activating PI3K/AKT signaling which was mediated by the miR-128-3p/PHF6 axis. In conclusion, Bmp1 was found to promote the expression of PHF6 through the sponge miR-128-3p, activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote cell migration and proliferation.
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Adiliaghdam F, Cavallaro P, Mohad V, Almpani M, Kühn F, Gharedaghi MH, Najibi M, Rahme LG, Hodin RA. Targeting the gut to prevent sepsis from a cutaneous burn. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137128. [PMID: 33004693 PMCID: PMC7566703 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burn injury induces gut barrier dysfunction and subsequently a profound systemic inflammatory response. In the present study, we examined the role of the small intestinal brush border enzyme, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), in preserving gut barrier function and preventing systemic inflammation after burn wound infection in mice. Mice were subjected to a 30% total body surface area dorsal burn with or without intradermal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mice were gavaged with 2000 units of IAP or vehicle at 3 and 12 hours after the insult. We found that both endogenously produced and exogenously supplemented IAP significantly reduced gut barrier damage, decreased bacterial translocation to the systemic organs, attenuated systemic inflammation, and improved survival in this burn wound infection model. IAP attenuated liver inflammation and reduced the proinflammatory characteristics of portal serum. Furthermore, we found that intestinal luminal contents of burn wound-infected mice negatively impacted the intestinal epithelial integrity compared with luminal contents of control mice and that IAP supplementation preserved monolayer integrity. These results indicate that oral IAP therapy may represent an approach to preserving gut barrier function, blocking proinflammatory triggers from entering the portal system, preventing gut-induced systemic inflammation, and improving survival after severe burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Adiliaghdam
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Cavallaro
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vidisha Mohad
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marianna Almpani
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florian Kühn
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohammad Hadi Gharedaghi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mehran Najibi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurence G Rahme
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard A Hodin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Morris NL, Cannon AR, Li X, Choudhry MA. Protective effects of PX478 on gut barrier in a mouse model of ethanol and burn injury. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:1121-1130. [PMID: 32964503 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0820-323rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanol remains a confounder in postburn pathology, which is associated with an impaired intestinal barrier. Previously, we demonstrated that ethanol and burn injury reduce intestinal oxygen delivery (hypoxia) and alters microRNA (miR) expression in small intestinal epithelial cells. Hypoxia has been shown to influence expression of miRs and miR biogenesis components. Therefore, we examined whether hypoxia influences expression of miR biogenesis components (drosha, dicer, and argonaute-2 [ago-2]) and miRs (-7a and -150) and whether these changes impacted other parameters following ethanol and burn injury. Mice were gavaged with ethanol (∼2.9 g/kg) 4 h before receiving a ∼12.5% total body surface full thickness burn. Mice were resuscitated at the time of injury with normal saline with or without 5 mg/kg PX-478, a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α inhibitor. One day following injury mice were euthanized, and the expression of miRs and their biogenesis components as well as bacterial growth, tight junction proteins, intestinal transit, and permeability were assessed. Ethanol combined with burn injury significantly reduced expression of drosha, ago-2, miRs (-7a and -150), occludin, zonula occludens-1, claudin-4, zonula occludens-1, mucins-2 and -4, and intestinal transit compared to shams. Furthermore, there was an increase in intestinal permeability, total bacteria, and Enterobacteriaceae populations following the combined injury compared to shams. PX-478 treatment improved expression of drosha, ago-2, miRs (-7a and -150), occludin, claudin-4, zonula occludens-1, and mucin-2. PX-478 treatment also improved intestinal transit and reduced dysbiosis and permeability. These data suggest that PX-478 improves miR biogenesis and miR expression, and restores barrier integrity while reducing bacterial dysbiosis following ethanol and burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya L Morris
- Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Integrative Cell Biology Program, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Current address: Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Emory University/Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Abigail R Cannon
- Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Mashkoor A Choudhry
- Alcohol Research Program, Department of Surgery, Burn and Shock Trauma Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Campus, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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13
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Menegat TA, Oliveira AFD, Majewski MGC, Blanes L, Juliano Y, Novo NF, Ferreira LM. Experimental models of scald burns. A scope review. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201901007. [PMID: 31826150 PMCID: PMC6907881 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190100000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To conduct a scope review of the experimental model described by Walker and
Mason, by identifying and analyzing the details of the method. Methods: The authors searched Pubmed-Medline, Cochrane-Bireme and PEDro databases for
articles published between January 2016 and December 2018, using the
following search queries: burns, burn injuries, models animal, and animal
experimentation. All articles whose authors used Walker and Mason's model -
with or without changes to the method in Wistar rats - were included in this
study. Results: The search identified 45 mentions of Walker and Mason's model; however, after
reading each summary, 20 were excluded (of which 5 due to duplicity). The
inconsistencies observed after the scope review were: water temperature,
length of time of exposure of the experimental model's skin to water, extent
of the burnt area, and the description of the thickness/depth of the
injury. Conclusions: Reproducibility of a scientific method is the basis to prove the veracity of
the observed results. Thus, it is necessary to have a greater number of
publications that adopt a reproducible scientific method, for this review
found inconsistencies in the description of Walker and Mason's model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís Amadio Menegat
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Translational Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. Conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; manuscript preparation and writing
| | - Andrea Fernandes de Oliveira
- PhD, Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript writing; critical revision; final approval
| | | | - Leila Blanes
- PhD, Health Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Translational Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript writing; critical revision; final approval
| | - Yara Juliano
- Full Professor, Biostatistics Department, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, interpretation of data, statistical analysis
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Full Professor, Biostatistics Department, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures, interpretation of data, statistical analysis
| | - Lydia Masako Ferreira
- Head, Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, UNIFESP. Researcher 1A-CNPq, Director Medicine III-CAPES, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Intellectual, scientific, conception and design of the study; critical revision
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14
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Ke J, Bian X, Liu H, Li B, Huo R. Edaravone reduces oxidative stress and intestinal cell apoptosis after burn through up-regulating miR-320 expression. Mol Med 2019; 25:54. [PMID: 31829167 PMCID: PMC6907153 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal mucosa barrier dysfunction after burn injury is an important factor for causing mortality of burn patients. The current study established a burn model in rats and used a free radical scavenger edaravone (ED) to treat the rats, so as to investigate the effect of edaravone on intestinal mucosa barrier after burn injury. METHODS Anesthetized rats were subjected to 40% total body surface area water burn immediately, followed by treatment with ED, scrambled antagomir, or antagomiR-320. Intestinal mucosa damage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and graded by colon mucosal damage index (CMDI) score. The contents of total sulfhydryl (TSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry. Cell apoptosis, protein relative expression,and the in situ expressions of p-Akt and p-Bad were detected by flow cytometry, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The miR-320 expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS ED alleviated intestinal mucosal damage caused by burn injury, down-regulated the levels of MDA, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3, but up-regulated the levels of TSH, SOD, CAT and Bcl-2. We also found that ED could reduce oxidative stress, inhibit cell apoptosis, increase the expressions of p-Akt, p-Bad and miR-320, and decrease PTEN expression. PTEN was predicted to be the target gene for miR-320, and cell apoptosis could be promoted by inhibiting miR-320 expression. CONCLUSION ED regulates Akt/Bad/Caspase signaling cascade to reduce apoptosis and oxidative stress through up-regulating miR-320 expression and down-regulating PTEN expression, thus protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier of rats from burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Ke
- Burn and Plastic Section, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Bian
- Burn and Plastic Section, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Burn and Plastic Section, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei Li
- Burn and Plastic Section, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Burn and Plastic Section, Shandong Province Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jiaozhou Road, Shibei District, Qingdao, 266011, Shandong Province, China.
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15
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He W, Wang Y, Wang P, Wang F. Intestinal barrier dysfunction in severe burn injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:24. [PMID: 31372365 PMCID: PMC6659221 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Severe burn injury is often accompanied by intestinal barrier dysfunction, which is closely associated with post-burn shock, bacterial translocation, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hypercatabolism, sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and other complications. The intestinal epithelium forms a physical barrier that separates the intestinal lumen from the internal milieu, in which the tight junction plays a principal role. It has been well documented that after severe burn injury, many factors such as stress, ischemia/hypoxia, proinflammatory cytokines, and endotoxins can induce intestinal barrier dysfunction via multiple signaling pathways. Recent advances have provided new insights into the mechanisms and the therapeutic strategies of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction associated with severe burn injury. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in intestinal barrier dysfunction in response to severe burn injury and the emerging therapies for treating intestinal barrier dysfunction following severe burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Fengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 China
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16
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Adiliaghdam F, Almpani M, Gharedaghi MH, Najibi M, Hodin RA, Rahme LG. Targeting bacterial quorum sensing shows promise in improving intestinal barrier function following burn‑site infection. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4057-4066. [PMID: 30896813 PMCID: PMC6472113 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn-site infections, commonly due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been associated with deranged intestinal integrity, allowing bacteria and their products to translocate from the gut to the circulatory system. The P. aeruginosa quorum sensing (QS) transcription factor MvfR (PqsR) controls the expression of numerous virulence factors, and the synthesis of several toxic products. However, the role of QS in intestinal integrity alterations, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously investigated. Using a proven anti-MvfR, anti-virulence agent, the in vivo results of the present study revealed that inhibition of MvfR function significantly decreased Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-Dextran (FITC-Dextran) flow from the intestine to the systemic circulation, diminished bacterial translocation from the intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and improved tight junction integrity in thermally injured and infected mice. In addition, the MvfR antagonist administration alleviates the intestinal inflammation, as demonstrated by reduced ileal TNF-α and fecal lipocalin-2 concentrations. In addition, it is associated with lower levels of circulating endotoxin and decreased P. aeruginosa dissemination from the burn wound to the ileum. Collectively, these results hold great promise that the inhibition of this QS system mitigates gut hyperpermeability by attenuating the derangement of morphological and immune aspects of the intestinal barrier, suggesting that MvfR function is crucial in the deterioration of intestinal integrity following P. aeruginosa burn-site infection. Therefore, an anti-virulence approach targeting MvfR, could potentially offer a novel therapeutic approach against multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa infections following thermal injuries. Since this approach is targeting virulence pathways that are non-essential for growth or viability, our strategy is hypothesized to minimize the development of bacterial resistance, and preserve the beneficial enteric microbes, while improving intestinal integrity that is deranged as a result of burn and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Adiliaghdam
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marianna Almpani
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad Hadi Gharedaghi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mehran Najibi
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Richard A Hodin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Laurence G Rahme
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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17
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Abstract
Traumatic injury as one of the world's most relevant but neglected health concerns results in modulated inflammasome activity, which is closely linked to the development of post-injury complications. Cytokine-producing capacity of cells is important for the appropriate immune response to trauma and requires not only synthesis and transcription of inflammasome components but also their activation. Unfortunately, the precise role of inflammasome in trauma is still largely unknown. However, in the following chapter, we provide an overview on the best described inflammasomes in the various settings of trauma, introducing the recent findings on the up-to-date best described NLRP inflammasomes and underlying cytokines in the inflammatory response to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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18
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Hu Y, Yang B, Xu Y, Jiang L, Tsui CK, Liang X. FK506 suppresses hypoxia‑induced inflammation and protects tight junction function via the CaN‑NFATc1 signaling pathway in retinal microvascular epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6974-6980. [PMID: 28901449 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify whether FK506 suppresses hypoxia‑induced inflammation and protects tight junction function via the calcineurin‑nuclear factor of activated T‑cells 1 (CaN‑NFATc1) signaling pathway in mouse retinal microvascular endothelial cells (mRMECs). The mRMECs were treated with FK506 at different concentrations following the induction of hypoxia. Trans‑epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and cell permeability were examined to measure the integrity of the tight junctions. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays. The protein expression levels of zonula occludens‑1 (ZO‑1) and nuclear factor of activated T‑cell 1 (NFATc1) were identified using immunofluorescent microscopy and western blot analysis. The TEER value was decreased following hypoxia, but increased following treatment with FK506 (1 and 10 µM) for 24 and 48 h. The protein expression of ZO‑1 was also increased following FK506 treatment for 24 h at 1 and 10 µM. By contrast, following treatment with FK506 (1 and 10 µM) for 24 and 48 h, the elevated cell permeability in the hypoxia group was significantly downregulated. Similarly, the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including cyclooxygenase‑2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1, interleukin‑6, intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‑1, were downregulated following treatment with FK506 for 24 h at 1 and 10 µM. Following treatment with FK506, the level of total NFATc1 was downregulated and the level of phosphorylated NFATc1 was upregulated. Taken together, FK506 suppressed injury to the tight junctions and downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in hypoxia‑induced mRMECs via the CaN‑NFATc1 signaling pathway. This suggests a potentially effective therapy for hypoxia‑induced retinal microangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Li Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ching-Kit Tsui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
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