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Sirotti S, Scanu A, Pascart T, Niessink T, Maroni P, Lombardi G, Filippou G. Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Formation and Deposition: Where Do we Stand and What Does the Future hold? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2024; 26:354-365. [PMID: 39088093 PMCID: PMC11377473 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-024-01161-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Although calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) has been known since the 1960s, our understanding of its pathogenesis remains rudimentary. This review aims to illustrate the known mechanisms underlying calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal formation and deposition and explore future directions in research. By examining various perspectives, from basic research to clinical and imaging assessments, as well as new emerging methodologies, we can establish a starting point for a deeper understanding of CPPD pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent years have seen significant advances in CPPD research, particularly in the clinical field with the development of the 2023 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for CPPD disease, and in imaging with the introduction of the OMERACT ultrasonographic definitions and scoring system. However, progress in basic research has been slower. New laboratory approaches, such as Raman spectroscopy and omics sciences, offer promising insights that may help piece together the puzzle of CPPD. CPPD is a common yet understudied condition. As the population ages and CPPD becomes more prevalent, there is an urgent need to better understand the disease and the mechanisms involved in crystal formation and deposition, in order to improve diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sirotti
- Rheumatology Department, IRCCS Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Scanu
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Tristan Pascart
- Department of Rheumatology, ETHICS Laboratory, Saint-Philibert Hospital, Lille Catholic University, Lille, France
| | - Tom Niessink
- Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Technical Medicine Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Paola Maroni
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Georgios Filippou
- Rheumatology Department, IRCCS Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Xiao P, Zhu Y, Xu H, Li J, Tao A, Wang H, Cheng D, Dou X, Guo L. CTGF regulates mineralization in human mature chondrocyte by controlling Pit-1 and modulating ANK via the BMP/Smad signalling. Cytokine 2024; 174:156460. [PMID: 38134555 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) exhibits potent proliferative, differentiated, and mineralizing effects, and is believed to be contribute to cartilage mineralization in Osteoarthritis (OA). However, the underlying mechanism of chondrocyte mineralization induced by CTGF remains obscure. As a key regulator of mineral responses, type III phosphate transporter 1 (Pit-1) has been associated with the pathogenesis of articular mineralization. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to investigate whether CTGF influences the development of mature chondrocyte mineralization and the underlying mechanisms governing such mineralization. METHODS The effect of Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on human C-28/I2 chondrocytes were investigated. The chondrocytes were treated with CTGF or related inhibitors, and transfected with Overexpression and siRNA transfection of Type III Phosphate Transporter 1(Pit-1). Subsequently, the cells were subjected to Alizarin red S staining, PiPer Phosphate Assay Kit, Alkaline Phosphatase Diethanolamine Activity Kit, ELISA, RT-PCR or Western blot analysis. RESULTS Stimulation with Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) significantly upregulated the expression of the Type III Phosphate Transporter 1(Pit-1) and mineralization levels in chondrocytes through activation of α5β1 integrin and BMP/Samd1/5/8 signaling pathways. Furthermore, treatment with overexpressed Pit-1 markedly increased the expression of Multipass Transmembrane Ankylosis (ANK) transporter in the cells. The inhibitory effect of CTGF receptor blockade using α5β1 Integrin blocking antibody was demonstrated by significantly suppressed the expression of Pit-1 and ANK transporter, as well as chondrocyte mineralization. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a critical role inchondrocyte mineralization, which is dependent on the expression of the Type III Phosphate Transporter 1(Pit-1) and Multipass Transmembrane Ankylosis (ANK) transporter. Consequently, inhibition of CTGF activity may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the management of Osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- Jilin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, No. 9, Changchun Road, Jilin, Jilin 132012, PR China.
| | - Yunong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, PR China.
| | - Hongrui Xu
- Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China.
| | - Junlei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China.
| | - Angui Tao
- Jilin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jilin, Jilin 132012, PR China.
| | - Hongji Wang
- Jilin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jilin, Jilin 132012, PR China.
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, PR China.
| | - Xiaojie Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, PR China.
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, PR China.
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Ma J, Li Y, Yang X, Liu K, Zhang X, Zuo X, Ye R, Wang Z, Shi R, Meng Q, Chen X. Signaling pathways in vascular function and hypertension: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:168. [PMID: 37080965 PMCID: PMC10119183 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01430-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due to its complex mechanisms involving multiple interactive factors and our limited understanding of it. Hypertension is a condition that is named after its clinical features. Vascular function is a factor that affects blood pressure directly, and it is a main strategy for clinically controlling BP to regulate constriction/relaxation function of blood vessels. Vascular elasticity, caliber, and reactivity are all characteristic indicators reflecting vascular function. Blood vessels are composed of three distinct layers, out of which the endothelial cells in intima and the smooth muscle cells in media are the main performers of vascular function. The alterations in signaling pathways in these cells are the key molecular mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction and hypertension development. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review the signaling pathways involved in vascular function regulation and hypertension progression, including calcium pathway, NO-NOsGC-cGMP pathway, various vascular remodeling pathways and some important upstream pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, oxidative stress-related signaling pathway, immunity/inflammation pathway, etc. Meanwhile, we will also summarize the treatment methods of hypertension that targets vascular function regulation and discuss the possibility of these signaling pathways being applied to clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghao Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Ye
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufeng Shi
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtao Meng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guo Xue District, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Auwerx C, Sadler MC, Woh T, Reymond A, Kutalik Z, Porcu E. Exploiting the mediating role of the metabolome to unravel transcript-to-phenotype associations. eLife 2023; 12:81097. [PMID: 36891970 PMCID: PMC9998083 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in identifying genetic variants associated with complex traits, understanding the mechanisms behind these statistical associations remains challenging. Several methods that integrate methylation, gene expression, and protein quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with GWAS data to determine their causal role in the path from genotype to phenotype have been proposed. Here, we developed and applied a multi-omics Mendelian randomization (MR) framework to study how metabolites mediate the effect of gene expression on complex traits. We identified 216 transcript-metabolite-trait causal triplets involving 26 medically relevant phenotypes. Among these associations, 58% were missed by classical transcriptome-wide MR, which only uses gene expression and GWAS data. This allowed the identification of biologically relevant pathways, such as between ANKH and calcium levels mediated by citrate levels and SLC6A12 and serum creatinine through modulation of the levels of the renal osmolyte betaine. We show that the signals missed by transcriptome-wide MR are found, thanks to the increase in power conferred by integrating multiple omics layer. Simulation analyses show that with larger molecular QTL studies and in case of mediated effects, our multi-omics MR framework outperforms classical MR approaches designed to detect causal relationships between single molecular traits and complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Auwerx
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie C Sadler
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tristan Woh
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yan J, Shen M, Sui B, Lu W, Han X, Wan Q, Liu Y, Kang J, Qin W, Zhang Z, Chen D, Cao Y, Ying S, Tay FR, Niu LN, Jiao K. Autophagic LC3 + calcified extracellular vesicles initiate cartilage calcification in osteoarthritis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1556. [PMID: 35544558 PMCID: PMC9094669 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cartilage calcification plays an important role in osteoarthritis progression but in which the origin of calcified extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their effects remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that pathological cartilage calcification occurs in the early stage of the osteoarthritis in which the calcified EVs are closely involved. Autophagosomes carrying the minerals are released in EVs, and calcification is induced by those autophagy-regulated calcified EVs. Autophagy-derived microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3)-positive EVs are the major population of calcified EVs that initiate pathological calcification. Release of LC3-positive calcified EVs is caused by blockage of the autophagy flux resulted from histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated microtubule destabilization. Inhibition of HDAC6 activity blocks the release of the LC3-positive calcified EVs by chondrocytes and effectively reverses the pathological calcification and degradation of cartilage. The present work discovers that calcified EVs derived from autophagosomes initiate pathological cartilage calcification in osteoarthritis, with potential therapeutic targeting implication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minjuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingdong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weicheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junjun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenpin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zibing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Da Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siqi Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Corresponding author. (K.J.); (L.-n.N.); (F.R.T.)
| | - Li-na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author. (K.J.); (L.-n.N.); (F.R.T.)
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Corresponding author. (K.J.); (L.-n.N.); (F.R.T.)
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Szeri F, Niaziorimi F, Donnelly S, Fariha N, Tertyshnaia M, Patel D, Lundkvist S, van de Wetering K. The Mineralization Regulator ANKH Mediates Cellular Efflux of ATP, Not Pyrophosphate. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1024-1031. [PMID: 35147247 PMCID: PMC9098669 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane protein ankylosis homologue (ANKH, mouse ortholog: Ank) prevents pathological mineralization of joints by controlling extracellular levels of the mineralization inhibitor pyrophosphate (PPi). It was long thought that ANKH acts by transporting PPi into the joints. We recently showed that when overproduced in HEK293 cells, ANKH mediates release of large amounts of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs), predominantly ATP, into the culture medium. ATP is converted extracellularly into PPi and AMP by the ectoenzyme ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1). We could not rule out, however, that cells also release PPi directly via ANKH. We now addressed the question of whether PPi leaves cells via ANKH using HEK293 cells that completely lack ENPP1. Introduction of ANKH in these ENPP1-deficient HEK293 cells resulted in robust cellular ATP release without the concomitant increase in extracellular PPi found in ENPP1-proficient cells. Ank activity was previously shown to be responsible for about 75% of the PPi found in mouse bones. However, bones of Enpp1-/- mice contained <2.5% of the PPi found in bones of wild-type mice, showing that Enpp1 activity is also a prerequisite for Ank-dependent PPi incorporation into the mineralized bone matrix in vivo. Hence, ATP release precedes ENPP1-mediated PPi formation. We find that ANKH also provides about 25% of plasma PPi, whereas we have previously shown that 60% to 70% of plasma PPi is derived from the NTPs extruded by the ABC transporter, ABCC6. Both transporters that keep plasma PPi at sufficient levels to prevent pathological calcification therefore do so by extruding NTPs rather than PPi itself. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Szeri
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fatemeh Niaziorimi
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvia Donnelly
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nishat Fariha
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mariia Tertyshnaia
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drithi Patel
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stefan Lundkvist
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Shi C, Tan J, Lu J, Huang J, Li X, Xu J, Wang X. MicroRNA-17-5p promotes vascular calcification by targeting ANKH. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:108-116. [PMID: 35297350 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220316115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may participate in the process of vascular calcification. However, the role of microRNA-17-5p in vascular calcification has not been clarified. In this study, we showed the effects of microRNA-17-5p on vascular calcification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were transfected with miR-17-5p mimics, an miR-17-5p inhibitor or a negative control (NC) using Lipofectamine 2000. Then the cells were induced by an osteogenic medium. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization were determined. Osteocalcin (OC), bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2), Col1agren Ia (Colla), Runx2 and ankylosis protein homolog (ANKH) gene expressions were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Vascular calcification was developed using a renal failure model. RESULTS The ALP activity was increased when miR-17-5p mimics were transfected, whereas the miR-17-5p inhibitor reduced ALP activity (p < 0.05). The number and average area of mineral node in miR-17-5p mimics group were larger than those in corresponding control and NC groups (p < 0.05). The number and average area of the mineral nodes in the miR-17-5p inhibitor group were smaller than those in corresponding control and NC groups (p < 0.05). Bmp2, OC, Col1a and Runx2 were higher in the miR-17-5p mimics group compared to those in the control and NC groups. ANKH expression was decreased in VSMCs with the miR-17-5p mimics and increased in VSMCs with miR-17-5p inhibitor. ANKH siRNA intervention also promoted mineralization. The miR-17-5p expression was upregulated and ANKH was down-regulated in the aortic arteries with calcification. CONCLUSION Our data showed that miR-17-5p may promote vascular calcification by inhibiting ANKH expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
| | - Jiaorong Tan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, Shanghai 200060,China
| | - Jiancan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
| | - Junling Huang
- Emergency department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
| | - Xiangqi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology,Tongji Hospital,Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135,China
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Chang CC, Lee KL, Chan TS, Chung CC, Liang YC. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Downregulate Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Formation in Human Articular Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052604. [PMID: 35269745 PMCID: PMC8910507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) deposition disease (CPPD) is a form of CPP crystal-induced arthritis. A high concentration of extracellular pyrophosphate (ePPi) in synovial fluid is positively correlated with the formation of CPP crystals, and ePPi can be upregulated by ankylosis human (ANKH) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase 1 (ENPP1) and downregulated by tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). However, there is currently no drug that eliminates CPP crystals. We explored the effects of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACis) trichostatin A (TSA) and vorinostat (SAHA) on CPP formation. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-treated human primary cultured articular chondrocytes (HC-a cells) were used to increase ePPi and CPP formation, which were determined by pyrophosphate assay and CPP crystal staining assay, respectively. Artificial substrates thymidine 5′-monophosphate p-nitrophenyl ester (p-NpTMP) and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (p-NPP) were used to estimate ENPP1 and TNAP activities, respectively. The HDACis TSA and SAHA significantly reduced mRNA and protein expressions of ANKH and ENPP1 but increased TNAP expression in a dose-dependent manner in HC-a cells. Further results demonstrated that TSA and SAHA decreased ENPP1 activity, increased TNAP activity, and limited levels of ePPi and CPP. As expected, both TSA and SAHA significantly increased the acetylation of histones 3 and 4 but failed to block Smad-2 phosphorylation induced by TGF-β1. These results suggest that HDACis prevented the formation of CPP by regulating ANKH, ENPP1, and TNAP expressions and can possibly be developed as a potential drug to treat or prevent CPPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ching Chang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Sian Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chung
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (K.-L.L.); (C.-C.C.)
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Ralph D, van de Wetering K, Uitto J, Li Q. Inorganic Pyrophosphate Deficiency Syndromes and Potential Treatments for Pathologic Tissue Calcification. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:762-770. [PMID: 35182493 PMCID: PMC9088198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic soft tissue calcification can occur in both genetic and acquired clinical conditions, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Although the pathomechanisms of pathologic calcification are poorly understood, major progress has been made in recent years in defining the underlying genetic defects in Mendelian disorders of ectopic calcification. This review presents an overview of the pathophysiology of five monogenic disorders of pathologic calcification: pseudoxanthoma elasticum, generalized arterial calcification of infancy, arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73, ankylosis, and progeria. These hereditary disorders, caused by mutations in genes encoding ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 6, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, CD73, progressive ankylosis protein, and lamin A/C proteins, respectively, are inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) deficiency syndromes with reduced circulating levels of PPi, the principal physiologic inhibitor of calcium hydroxyapatite deposition in soft connective tissues. In addition to genetic diseases, PPi deficiency has been encountered in acquired clinical conditions accompanied by pathologic calcification. Because specific and effective treatments are lacking for pathologic calcification, the unifying finding of PPi deficiency suggests that PPi-targeted therapies may be beneficial to counteract pathologic soft tissue calcification in both genetic and acquired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ralph
- Genetics, Genomics, and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, and the PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, and the PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, and the PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, and the PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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10
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Yang J, Zhang M, Yang D, Ma Y, Tang Y, Xing M, Li L, Chen L, Jin Y, Ma C. m 6A-mediated upregulation of AC008 promotes osteoarthritis progression through the miR-328-3p‒AQP1/ANKH axis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1723-1734. [PMID: 34737423 PMCID: PMC8640060 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of osteoarthritis (OA), but the biological roles and clinical significance of most lncRNAs in OA are not fully understood. Microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs between normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. We found that AC008440.5 (abbreviated AC008), as well as AQP1 and ANKH, were highly expressed in osteoarthritic cartilage, whereas miR-328-3p was expressed at a low level in osteoarthritic cartilage. Functional assays showed that ectopic expression of AC008, AQP1, and ANKH significantly decreased chondrocyte viability and promoted chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, whereas knockdown of AC008, AQP1, and ANKH resulted in the opposite effects. Moreover, miR-328-3p overexpression increased chondrocyte viability and attenuated chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation, whereas inhibition of miR-328-3p resulted in the opposite effects. Bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and luciferase assays revealed that AC008 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate miR-328-3p, which specifically targeted the AQP1 and ANKH genes. In addition, miR-328-3p significantly ameliorated MIA-induced OA, whereas AC008 accelerated OA progression in vivo. Furthermore, fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO)-mediated N6-methyladenosine demethylation downregulated AC008 transcription, while lower FTO expression led to upregulation of AC008 transcription in OA. In conclusion, our data reveal that AC008 plays a critical role in OA pathogenesis via the miR-328-3p‒AQP1/ANKH pathway, suggesting that AC008 may be a potential therapeutic target for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Mengying Xing
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yucui Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Changyan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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11
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Cudrici CD, Newman KA, Ferrante EA, Huffstutler R, Carney K, Betancourt B, Miettinen M, Siegel R, Katz JD, Nesti LJ, St Hilaire C, Lakshmipathy D, Wen H, Bagheri MH, Boehm M, Brofferio A. Multifocal Calcific Periarthritis with Distinctive Clinical and Radiological Features in Patients with CD73 Deficiency. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:163-173. [PMID: 33744914 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) is a hereditary autosomal recessive ectopic mineralization syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations in the 5'-nucleotidase Ecto (NT5E) gene. Periarticular calcification has been reported but the clinical characterization of arthritis as well as the microstructure and chemical composition of periarticular calcifications and synovial fluid crystals has not been systematically investigated. METHODS Eight ACDC patients underwent extensive rheumatological and radiological evaluation over a period of 11 years. Periarticular and synovial biopsies were obtained from four patients. Characterization of crystal composition was evaluated by compensated polarized light microscopy, Alizarin red staining for synovial fluid along with x-ray diffraction and x-ray micro tomosynthesis for periarticular calcification. RESULTS Arthritis in ACDC patients has a clinical presentation of mixed erosive-degenerative joint changes with a median onset of articular symptoms at 17 years of age and progresses over time to the development of fixed deformities and functional limitations of small peripheral joints with eventually, larger joint and distinct axial involvement later in life. We have identified calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA) crystals in synovial fluid specimens and determined that CHA crystals are the principal component of periarticular calcifications. CONCLUSION This is the largest study in ACDC patients to describe erosive peripheral arthropathy and axial enthesopathic calcifications over a period of 11 years and the first to identify the composition of periarticular calcifications and synovial fluid crystals. ACDC should be considered among the genetic causes of early-onset osteoarthritis, as musculoskeletal disease signs may often precede vascular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia D Cudrici
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kam A Newman
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elisa A Ferrante
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Huffstutler
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Carney
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blas Betancourt
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,University of Florida, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Markku Miettinen
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Siegel
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Translational Medicine, Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation Disease Area, Basel, CH USA
| | - James D Katz
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leon J Nesti
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Clinical and Experimental Orthopaedics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Bioengineering, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepak Lakshmipathy
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Wen
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad H Bagheri
- National Institutes of Health, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alessandra Brofferio
- National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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He X, Dong Y. Ankylosis progressive homolog upregulation inhibits cell viability and mineralization during fibroblast ossification by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4551-4560. [PMID: 33173993 PMCID: PMC7646822 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosis progressive homolog (ANKH) is associated with fibroblast ossification in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). As the human ANKH gene is poorly characterized relative to its murine counterpart, the aim of the present study was to examine ANKH expression in ligament tissue isolated from patients with AS and the role played by this gene in AS‑associated fibroblast ossification. Fibroblasts were isolated from ligament tissue collected from patients with AS and ligament tissue from individuals with spinal cord fractures, then cultured. Fibroblasts from patients with AS were subsequently transfected with an ANKH overexpression vector, while those collected from individuals with spinal cord fractures were transfected with small interfering RNA specific for ANKH. Cell viability, apoptosis and mineralization were analyzed using MTT assays, flow cytometry and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. Furthermore, ANKH mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis, respectively. The expression levels of osteogenesis markers, including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, Runt‑related transcription factor 2, c‑Myc, as well as the β‑catenin signaling protein, were also determined using western blotting. The results of the present study revealed that ANKH protein expression levels were downregulated in AS total ligament tissue extract, compared with spinal fracture ligament. Moreover, the fibroblasts derived from patients with AS exhibited an increased viability and reduced apoptosis rates, compared with the fibroblasts from patients with spinal fracture. Notably, ANKH overexpression inhibited viability, mineralization and ossification, increased the phosphorylation of β‑catenin and downregulated β‑catenin and c‑Myc protein expression levels in fibroblasts from patients with AS. In addition, ANKH overexpression increased the ratio of p‑β‑catenin/β‑catenin in fibroblasts from patients with AS. By contrast, ANKH silencing in fibroblasts from patients with spinal fracture resulted in the opposite effect. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that ANKH may inhibit fibroblast viability, mineralization and ossification, possibly by regulating the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Xinchang, Xinchang, Zhejiang 312500, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The People's Hospital of Xinchang, Xinchang, Zhejiang 312500, P.R. China
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13
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Vijen S, Hawes C, Runions J, Russell RGG, Wordsworth BP, Carr AJ, Pink RC, Zhang Y. Differences in intracellular localisation of ANKH mutants that relate to mechanisms of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease and craniometaphyseal dysplasia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7408. [PMID: 32366894 PMCID: PMC7198517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ANKH mutations are associated with calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease and craniometaphyseal dysplasia. This study investigated the effects of these ANKH mutants on cellular localisation and associated biochemistry. We generated four ANKH overexpression-plasmids containing either calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease or craniometaphyseal dysplasia linked mutations: P5L, E490del and S375del, G389R. They were transfected into CH-8 articular chondrocytes and HEK293 cells. The ANKH mutants dynamic differential localisations were imaged and we investigated the interactions with the autophagy marker LC3. Extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate, mineralization, ENPP1 activity expression of ENPP1, TNAP and PIT-1 were measured. P5L delayed cell membrane localisation but once recruited into the membrane it increased extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate, mineralization, and ENPP1 activity. E490del remained mostly cytoplasmic, forming punctate co-localisations with LC3, increased mineralization, ENPP1 and ENPP1 activity with an initial but unsustained increase in TNAP and PIT-1. S375del trended to decrease extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate, increase mineralization. G389R delayed cell membrane localisation, trended to decrease extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate, increased mineralization and co-localised with LC3. Our results demonstrate a link between pathological localisation of ANKH mutants with different degrees in mineralization. Furthermore, mutant ANKH functions are related to synthesis of defective proteins, inorganic pyrophosphate transport, ENPP1 activity and expression of ENPP1, TNAP and PIT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Vijen
- Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Chris Hawes
- Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - John Runions
- Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - R Graham G Russell
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - B Paul Wordsworth
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Windmill Road, Oxford, OX3 7HE, UK
| | - Ryan C Pink
- Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
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14
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Lee HY, Hong SR, Lee JE, Hwang IK, Kim NY, Lee JM, Fleckhaus J, Jung SE, Lee YH. Epigenetic age signatures in bones. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 46:102261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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15
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Qin X, Zhu B, Jiang T, Tan J, Wu Z, Yuan Z, Zheng L, Zhao J. miR-17-5p Regulates Heterotopic Ossification by Targeting ANKH in Ankylosing Spondylitis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:696-707. [PMID: 31726387 PMCID: PMC6859287 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized with heterotopic ossification of the axis joints ligaments, resulting in joint disability. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of mRNAs that play a crucial role in the AS pathological process. Here, we showed that the level of miR-17-5p was significantly higher in fibroblasts and ligament tissues from AS patients as compared to the non-AS individuals. Knockdown of the miR-17-5p from the fibroblasts derived from AS patients exhibited decreased osteogenic differentiation and ossification. On the other hand, AS patient-derived fibroblasts overexpressing miR-17-5p displayed the increased osteogenesis. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-17-5p ameliorated osteophyte formation, and the sacroiliitis phenotype in AS rats received emulsified collagen. Mechanistically, miR-17-5p regulated osteogenic differentiation by targeting the 3ʹ UTR of ankylosis protein homolog (ANKH). Also, downregulation of miR-17-5p slowed AS progression through regulation of cytokines, such as dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In conclusion, our findings reveal a role of the miR-17-5p-ANKH axis in the regulation of heterotopic ossification, which is essential for therapeutic intervention in heterotopic ossification in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Qin
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China
| | - Tongmeng Jiang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiachang Tan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China
| | - Zhenchao Yuan
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China.
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine & International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissue, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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16
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Knitza J, Kleyer A, Schett G, Manger B. [Chondrocalcinosis: idiopathic or manifestation of rare metabolic diseases?]. DER ORTHOPADE 2019; 48:949-956. [PMID: 31515589 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-019-03805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcification in hyaline and fibrocartilage is caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate, commonly referred to as chondrocalcinosis. Clinically, this can lead to arthritis symptoms similar to a gout attack -"pseudogout". Nonetheless, also chronic or asymptomatic disease courses are possible. The prevalence of chondrocalcinosis increases with age. The diagnostic workup of degenerative joint disease, therefore, often reveals calcifications of articular cartilage as harmless incidental findings. However, particularly in patients younger than 60 years of age, chondrocalcinosis can be the symptom of an underlying metabolic disease. This review article highlights these rare diseases and presents unusual manifestations of chondrocalcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Knitza
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
| | - A Kleyer
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - G Schett
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - B Manger
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
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17
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Abstract
The most common types of calcium-containing crystals that are associated with joint and periarticular disorders are calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPP) and basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals. Several diverse but difficult-to-treat acute and chronic arthropathies and other clinical syndromes are associated with the deposition of these crystals. Although the pathogenic mechanism of calcium crystal deposition is partially understood, much remains to be investigated, as no drug is available to prevent crystal deposition, permit crystal dissolution or specifically target the pathogenic effects that result in the clinical manifestations. In this Review, the main clinical manifestations of CPP and BCP crystal deposition are discussed, along with the biological effects of these crystals, current therapeutic approaches and future directions in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine M McCarthy
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Baboolal TG, Burska AN, Ponchel F, El-Jawhari JJ, Pandit H, McGonagle D, Jones E. Gene expression and functional comparison between multipotential stromal cells from lateral and medial condyles of knee osteoarthritis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9321. [PMID: 31249374 PMCID: PMC6597541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder. Multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) have a crucial role in joint repair, but how OA severity affects their characteristics remains unknown. Knee OA provides a good model to study this, as osteochondral damage is commonly more severe in the medial weight-bearing compartment compared to lateral side of the joint. This study utilised in vitro functional assays, cell sorting, gene expression and immunohistochemistry to compare MSCs from medial and lateral OA femoral condyles. Despite greater cartilage loss and bone sclerosis in medial condyles, there was no significant differences in MSC numbers, growth rates or surface phenotype. Culture-expanded and freshly-purified medial-condyle MSCs expressed higher levels of several ossification-related genes. Using CD271-staining to identify MSCs, their presence and co-localisation with TRAP-positive chondroclasts was noted in the vascular channels breaching the osteochondral junction in lateral condyles. In medial condyles, MSCs were additionally found in small cavities within the sclerotic plate. These data indicate subchondral MSCs may be involved in OA progression by participating in cartilage destruction, calcification and sclerotic plate formation and that they remain abundant in severe disease. Biological or biomechanical modulation of these MSCs may be a new strategy towards cartilage and bone restoration in knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanjurjo-Rodriguez
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,University of A Coruña, Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine group, Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy department; CIBER-BBN, Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC)-Centre of Advanced Scientific Researches (CICA), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Thomas G Baboolal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Agata N Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Frederique Ponchel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jehan J El-Jawhari
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Clinical Pathology department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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19
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Abhishek A, Neogi T, Choi H, Doherty M, Rosenthal AK, Terkeltaub R. Review: Unmet Needs and the Path Forward in Joint Disease Associated With Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1182-1191. [PMID: 29609209 DOI: 10.1002/art.40517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal deposition (CPPD) is prevalent and can be associated with synovitis and joint damage. The population of elderly persons predominantly affected by CPPD is growing rapidly. Since shortfalls exist in many aspects of CPPD, we conducted an anonymous survey of CPPD unmet needs, prioritized by experts from the Gout, Hyperuricemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network. We provide our perspectives on the survey results, and we propose several CPPD basic and clinical translational research pathways. Chondrocyte and cartilage culture systems for generating CPP crystals in vitro and transgenic small animal CPPD models are needed to better define CPPD mechanism paradigms and help guide new therapies. CPPD recognition, clinical research, and care would be improved by international consensus on CPPD nomenclature and disease phenotype classification, better exploitation of advanced imaging, and pragmatic new point-of-care crystal analytic approaches for detecting CPP crystals. Clinical impacts of CPP crystals in osteoarthritis and in asymptomatic joints in elderly persons remain major unanswered questions that are rendered more difficult by current inability to therapeutically limit or dissolve the crystal deposits and assess the consequent clinical outcome. Going forward, CPPD clinical research studies should define clinical settings in which articular CPPD does substantial harm and should include analyses of diverse clinical phenotypes and populations. Clinical trials should identify the best therapeutic targets to limit CPP crystal deposition and associated inflammation and should include assessment of intraarticular agents. Our perspective is that such advances in basic and clinical science in CPPD are now within reach and can lead to better treatments for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyon Choi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Robert Terkeltaub
- Veterans Affairs, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California
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Deciphering the Relationship between Obesity and Various Diseases from a Network Perspective. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120392. [PMID: 29258237 PMCID: PMC5748710 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of obesity cases is rapidly increasing in developed and developing countries, thereby causing significant health problems worldwide. The pathologic factors of obesity at the molecular level are not fully characterized, although the imbalance between energy intake and consumption is widely recognized as the main reason for fat accumulation. Previous studies reported that obesity can be caused by the dysfunction of genes associated with other diseases, such as myocardial infarction, hence providing new insights into dissecting the pathogenesis of obesity by investigating its associations with other diseases. In this study, we investigated the relationship between obesity and diseases from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases on the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. The obesity genes and genes of one OMIM disease were mapped onto the network, and the interaction scores between the two gene sets were investigated on the basis of the PPI of individual gene pairs, thereby inferring the relationship between obesity and this disease. Results suggested that diseases related to nutrition and endocrine are the top two diseases that are closely associated with obesity. This finding is consistent with our general knowledge and indicates the reliability of our obtained results. Moreover, we inferred that diseases related to psychiatric factors and bone may also be highly related to obesity because the two diseases followed the diseases related to nutrition and endocrine according to our results. Numerous obesity–disease associations were identified in the literature to confirm the relationships between obesity and the aforementioned four diseases. These new results may help understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of obesity–disease co-occurrence and provide useful insights for disease prevention and intervention.
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21
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Seifert W, Posor Y, Schu P, Stenbeck G, Mundlos S, Klaassen S, Nürnberg P, Haucke V, Kornak U, Kühnisch J. The progressive ankylosis protein ANK facilitates clathrin- and adaptor-mediated membrane traffic at the trans-Golgi network-to-endosome interface. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:3836-3848. [PMID: 27466194 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant or recessive mutations in the progressive ankylosis gene ANKH have been linked to familial chondrocalcinosis (CCAL2), craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD), mental retardation, deafness and ankylosis syndrome (MRDA). The function of the encoded membrane protein ANK in cellular compartments other than the plasma membrane is unknown. Here, we show that ANK localizes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), clathrin-coated vesicles and the plasma membrane. ANK functionally interacts with clathrin and clathrin associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes as loss of either protein causes ANK dispersion from the TGN to cytoplasmic endosome-like puncta. Consistent with its subcellular localization, loss of ANK results in reduced formation of tubular membrane carriers from the TGN, perinuclear accumulation of early endosomes and impaired transferrin endocytosis. Our data indicate that clathrin/AP-mediated cycling of ANK between the TGN, endosomes, and the cell surface regulates membrane traffic at the TGN/endosomal interface. These findings suggest that dysfunction of Golgi-endosomal membrane traffic may contribute to ANKH-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Seifert
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - York Posor
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schu
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Universitätsmedizin Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Stenbeck
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,FG Development and Disease, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Klaassen
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC)
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany and
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,FG Development and Disease, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jirko Kühnisch
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany .,FG Development and Disease, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC)
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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