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Stief F, Holder J, Braun S, Brenneis M, van Drongelen S, Byrnes SK, Layher F, Dussa CU, Meurer A, Böhm H. Relevance of instrumented gait analysis in the prediction of the rebound phenomenon after guided growth intervention. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16060. [PMID: 38992006 PMCID: PMC11239906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Predictors of rebound after correction of coronal plane deformities using temporary hemiepiphysiodesis (TH) are not well defined. The following research questions were tested: (1) Is the dynamic knee joint load useful to improve rebound prediction accuracy? (2) Does a large initial deformity play a critical role in rebound development? (3) Are BMI and a young age risk factors for rebound? Fifty children and adolescents with idiopathic knee valgus malalignment were included. A deviation of the mechanical femorotibial angle (MFA) of ≥ 3° into valgus between explantation and the one-year follow-up period was chosen to classify a rebound. A rebound was detected in 22 of the 50 patients (44%). Two predictors of rebound were identified: 1. reduced peak lateral knee joint contact force in the first half of the stance phase at the time of explantation (72.7% prediction); 2. minor initial deformity according to the MFA (70.5% prediction). The best prediction (75%) was obtained by including both parameters in the binary logistic regression method. A TH should not be advised in patients with a minor initial deformity of the leg axis. Dynamic knee joint loading using gait analysis and musculoskeletal modeling can be used to determine the optimum time to remove the plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stief
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik Frankfurt/Main, Friedberger Landstraße 430, 60389, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Jana Holder
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Salzburg, Schlossallee, 5400, Hallein, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Braun
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Rahel-Hirsch-Weg 5, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Brenneis
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefan van Drongelen
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - S Kimberly Byrnes
- Orthopaedic Children's Hospital, Bernauer Straße 18, 83229, Aschau I. Chiemgau, Germany
- Institute for Conservative and Rehabilitative Orthopedics, Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Layher
- Orthopedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - Chakravarthy U Dussa
- Orthopaedic Children's Hospital, Bernauer Straße 18, 83229, Aschau I. Chiemgau, Germany
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Rathsberger Str. 57, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Marienburgstraße 2, 60528, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Medical Park St. Hubertus Klinik, Sonnenfeldweg 29, 83707, Bad Wiessee, Germany
| | - Harald Böhm
- Orthopaedic Children's Hospital, Bernauer Straße 18, 83229, Aschau I. Chiemgau, Germany
- PFH Private University of Applied Sciences, Weender Landstraße 3-7, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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Bram JT, Tracey OC, Lijesen E, Li DT, Chipman DE, Retzky JS, Fabricant PD, Green DW. Simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and guided growth result in low rates of recurrent patellofemoral instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:1105-1112. [PMID: 38469940 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Implant-mediated guided growth (IMGG) is used to address coronal plane deformity in skeletally immature patients. Few studies have reported on IMGG and simultaneous medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for paediatric patients with concurrent genu valgum and patellofemoral instability (PFI). This study aimed to report on the outcomes of these simultaneous procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective review of paediatric patients undergoing simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and IMGG between 2016 and 2023. Mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) and mechanical axis deviation (MAD) were measured on full-length hip-to-ankle plain radiographs. Measurements were taken preoperatively, prior to implant removal and/or at final follow-up with minimum 1-year clinical follow-up. RESULTS A total of 25 extremities in 22 patients (10 female) underwent simultaneous IMGG and MPFL reconstruction. The mean age at surgery was 12.6 ± 1.7 years. The mean duration of implant retention was 18.6 ± 11.3 months. Nineteen extremities (76%) underwent implant removal by final follow-up. Preoperative HKA corrected from a mean of 5.8 ± 2.3° to -0.8 ± 4.5° at implant removal or final follow-up (p < 0.001), with mLDFA and MAD similarly improving (both p < 0.001). HKA corrected a mean of 0.7 ± 0.9° per month, while mLDFA and MAD corrected a mean of 0.5 ± 0.6°/month and 2 ± 3 mm/month, respectively. At the time of implant removal or final follow-up, 88% of patients demonstrated alignment within 5° of neutral. Only one extremity experienced subsequent PFI (4%). For 14 patients who underwent implant removal with further imaging at a mean of 7.8 ± 4.9 months, only one patient (7%) had a valgus rebound to an HKA > 5°. CONCLUSION Simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and IMGG provided successful correction of lower extremity malalignment with only one recurrence of PFI. This approach is a reliable surgical option for skeletally immature patients with genu valgum and PFI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4 case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Bram
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivia C Tracey
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emilie Lijesen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Don T Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danielle E Chipman
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julia S Retzky
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter D Fabricant
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel W Green
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Shim JS, Ko KR, Lim KS, Na S. Factors Affecting Postoperative Courses After Removal of Transphyseal Screws Inserted for Correction of Genu Valgum. J Pediatr Orthop 2024; 44:e411-e418. [PMID: 38477319 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000002660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate factors determining the final outcomes of hemipercutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screw (PETS) for the genu valgum, especially focusing on postoperative courses after screw removal. METHODS Fifty-five patients with idiopathic genu valgum treated with hemi-PETS were included. The mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA) and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) were measured to calculate the degree of correction and rebound. Regarding factors related to surgical techniques, the number of screw threads beyond the physis, the moment arm of the screw, and screw insertion angles were measured. RESULTS In 54 femoral segments (randomly selected in bilateral cases), hemi-PETS was performed with a growth remaining of 2.0±0.6 years. The screw was removed after 6.5±2.1 months, and the degree of correction was 5.0±1.5 degrees. The mean rebound angle was -0.4±2.4 (the negative value means further correction after screw removal). A late time of surgery and an extreme peripheral position of a screw were associated with the growth inhibition. In 50 tibial segments (also randomly selected in bilateral cases), a screw was inserted with a growth remaining of 2.0±0.6 years and removed after 6.3±1.9 months. The degree of correction was 2.9±1.7 degrees during the interval, and the rebound angle was 0.8±1.7 degrees. An earlier time of surgery and a greater correction angle before screw removal were associated with the rebound phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Growth inhibition of >1.6 degrees was observed in about one-fourth of femoral segments. An extreme peripheral position of a screw should be avoided when performing hemi-PETS at the distal femur. We also recommend not performing hemi-PETS at distal femur with too short a period of growth remaining. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III-retrospective comparative series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Sup Shim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Knot Hospital, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Rae Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul
| | - Kyung Sup Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Knot Hospital, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoon Na
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul
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Bachman DR, Phillips D, Veerkamp MW, Chipman DE, Wall EJ, Ellington MD, Friel NA, Schlechter JA, Green DW, Masquijo J, Parikh SN. MPFL Reconstruction and Implant-Mediated Guided Growth in Skeletally Immature Patients With Patellar Instability and Genu Valgum. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:698-704. [PMID: 38349668 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231222934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a higher rate of failure of isolated MPFL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients with patellar instability compared to skeletally mature patients. Genu valgum is a known risk factor for patellar instability. There is potential for concomitant surgical correction of genu valgum to achieve better clinical outcomes and to decrease failure rates of MPFL reconstruction. PURPOSE To evaluate outcomes of combined medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction and implant-mediated guided growth (IMGG) in skeletally immature patients with patellar instability and genu valgum. STUDY DESIGN Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS In a multicenter study, all skeletally immature patients with recurrent patellar instability and genu valgum who underwent MPFL reconstruction using hamstring graft and IMGG using a transphyseal screw or tension band plate for the distal femur and/or proximal tibia were included. The knee valgus angle and mechanical axis were measured on full-length radiographs and anatomic risk factors were measured on MRI. Patients were followed until correction of their lower limb alignment and implant removal or until skeletal maturity. Clinical outcomes, including complications, were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 31 patients (37 knees) were included in the study. The mean age and skeletal age of the cohort were 12.4 and 12.9 years, respectively. Simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and IMGG were performed in 26 of 37 knees; 11 underwent staged procedures. Twenty knees had transphyseal screws and 17 knees had tension band plates for IMGG. The knee valgus corrected from a mean of 12.4° to 5.1° in 12.1 months. Implants were removed from 22 of 37 knees once genu valgum was corrected. There was no significant difference (P = .65) in the correction rate between plates (0.7 deg/month) and screws (0.6 deg/month). Ten complications occurred in 4 patients (7 knees) and included 5 patellar redislocations, 2 rebound valgus, 1 varus overcorrection, 1 knee arthrofibrosis, and 1 implant loosening. For children <10 years of age, 3 of 6 (50%) knees had patellar redislocations and 5 of 6 knees had a complication. This was statistically significant (P = .003) compared with patients >10 years of age. Similarly, for patients with bilateral knee involvement, 5 of 12 (42%) knees had patellar redislocations and a total of 8 complications occurred in this subset. This was statistically significant (P < .001) compared with patients with unilateral involvement. CONCLUSION IMGG with plates or screws in the setting of combined MPFL reconstruction improves genu valgum. Children <10 years of age and those with bilateral instability with genu valgum remain difficult subsets to treat with higher complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Bachman
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Dayna Phillips
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Eric J Wall
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nicole A Friel
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shital N Parikh
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Zeng JF, Xie YY, Liu C, Song ZQ, Xu Z, Tang ZW, Wen J, Xiao S. Effective time, correction speed and termination time of hemi-epiphysiodesis in children. World J Orthop 2024; 15:1-10. [PMID: 38293262 PMCID: PMC10824067 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In children with asymmetric growth on the medial and lateral side of limbs, if there still remains growth potential, the guided growth technique of hemi-epiphysiodesis on one side of the epiphysis is recognized as a safe and effective method. However, when the hemi-epiphysiodesis start to correct the deformities, how many degrees could hemi-epiphysiodesis bring every month and when to remove the hemi-epiphysiodesis implant without rebound phenomenon are still on debate. This article reviews the current studies focus on the effective time, correction speed and termination time of hemi-epiphysiodesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fa Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Yin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Can Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Hunan Normal University school of Medicine, Changsha 410003, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhen-Qi Song
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Tang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Eberle A, Stephan A, Tedeus MP, Manner HM, Rüdiger HA, Stadelmann VA. Isolating factors for the prediction of rebound after guided growth with tension band plating for the valgus deformity of the knee. J Child Orthop 2023; 17:459-468. [PMID: 37799311 PMCID: PMC10549697 DOI: 10.1177/18632521231182432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The conditions leading to growth rebound after hemiepiphysiodesis are still poorly understood. This article analyzes the radiographical outcomes after guided growth with tension band plating, using plates in idiopathic genu valgum patients and attempts to generate a predictive model of growth rebound. Methods Patients with idiopathic genu valgum deformity who received tension band plating were selected for evaluation. We only analyzed coronal plane deformities. Only patients with a long-standing X-ray before tension band plating surgery, a long-standing X-ray at tension band plating removal, and a long-standing X-ray at the latest follow-up after tension band plating removal were considered for this study. The change of mechanical axis deviation between the tension band plating removal and the last follow-up was evaluated for rebound, and ordinal logistic regression was performed to determine the relevant variables for predictive modeling rebound growth. Results Overall, 100 patients (189 legs) were analyzed. The mean mechanical axis deviation at tension band plating removal was 8.4 mm in varus direction, and the mean mechanical axis deviation at the last follow-up was -3.4 mm (p ≤ 0.001). However, 111 legs (59%) showed rebound growth, 57 (30%) stayed stable, and 21 (11%) showed a continuous correction. Six significant factors significantly influencing rebound were isolated which are clinically relevant: sex, age, baseline mechanical axis deviation, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, and mechanical medial proximal tibial angle, and mechanical axis deviation correction rate. Mechanical axis deviation correction rate had the highest odds ratios. The machine learning classification model for predicting rebound growth built from the study data showed a misclassification rate of 39%. Conclusion There was a high rate of rebound growth in this cohort, especially for patients at a young age at implantation. The highest risk factors for rebound growth were male sex, and high correction rates, such as found during peak growth spurt. The proposed classification model needs more data to improve its predictive power before it can be used in clinics. Level of evidence Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eberle
- Department of Research and Development, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anika Stephan
- Department of Research and Development, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Tedeus
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans M Manner
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hannes A Rüdiger
- Department of Hip and Knee Surgery, Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Switzerland
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McGinley J, Worrall H, Althoff C, Clark C, Jo CH, Birch JG, Wilson PL, Ellis HB. Faster Rate of Correction with Distal Femoral Transphyseal Screws Versus Plates in Hemiepiphysiodesis for Coronal-Plane Knee Deformity: Age- and Sex-Matched Cohorts of Skeletally Immature Patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:1252-1260. [PMID: 37418510 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemiepiphysiodesis (guided-growth) procedures have become the primary method of treatment for coronal-plane knee deformities in skeletally immature patients. Two leading techniques involve the use of a transphyseal screw or a growth modulation plate. However, clinical references for the estimation of correction are lacking, and no consensus has been reached regarding the superiority of one technique over the other. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the rates of correction for distal femoral transphyseal screws and growth modulation plates in age- and sex-matched cohorts with coronal deformities. METHODS Thirty-one knees were included in each cohort on the basis of propensity scoring by chronological age and sex, and radiographic images were retrospectively reviewed preoperatively and postoperatively. Each case was measured for limb length, mechanical axis deviation (MAD), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), and bone age. RESULTS Both the MAD and LDFA rate of correction significantly differed between the screw and plate cohorts. The MAD rate of correction was observed to be 0.42 ± 0.37 mm/week (1.69 mm/month) in the plate cohort and 0.66 ± 0.51 mm/week (2.64 mm/month) in the screw cohort. The LDFA rate of correction was observed to be 0.12° ± 0.13°/week (0.50°/month) in the plate cohort and 0.19° ± 0.19°/week (0.77°/month) in the screw cohort. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides simple clinical references for the rate of correction of MAD and the LDFA for 2 methods of hemiepiphysiodesis. The results suggest that transphyseal screws may correct coronal knee deformities during the initial treatment stage more quickly than growth modulation plates in distal femoral guided growth. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - John G Birch
- Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, Texas
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Philip L Wilson
- Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, Texas
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Henry B Ellis
- Scottish Rite for Children, Frisco, Texas
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirejuoritse Bafor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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9
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Aksoy T, Bakircioglu S, Ozdemir E, Ramazanov R, Aksoy MC, Yilmaz G. The Fate of Overcorrection After Hemiepiphysiodesis in Valgus Deformities Around the Knee. J Pediatr Orthop 2023:01241398-990000000-00280. [PMID: 37168006 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000002429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tension band plating is widely used in the surgical treatment of coronal plane deformities around the knee. The rebound phenomenon after implant removal is a common complication of this technique. Overcorrection of joint orientation angles is a method to minimize the effect of the rebound phenomenon. This study aims to investigate the natural course of overcorrected joint orientation angles after plate removal in patients with genu valgum deformity. METHODS Patients who underwent hemiepiphysiodesis with tension band plating due to genu valgum deformity between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Mechanical lateral distal femoral angles (mLDFA) and mechanical medial proximal tibial angles were calculated before plate application, before implant removal, and at the last follow-up. At the implant removal, mLDFA>90 degrees and mechanical medial proximal tibial angles <85 degrees were accepted as overcorrected. RESULTS Seventy-two segments from 45 patients were included. For femoral valgus deformities (n=59), the mean mLDFAs at index surgery, implant removal, and the last follow-up were 79.8±3.9 degrees, 95.5±3.7 degrees, and 87.3±5.1 degrees, respectively. In the more and less than 10 degrees rebound groups, the median age of patients at index surgery were 66 and 101 months (P=0.04), the mLDFA during implant removal were 97.8 degrees and 94.4 degrees (P=0.005), and the mean amount of correction in mLDFA was 17 degrees and 13 degrees (P=0.001), respectively. At the last follow-up, joint orientation angles were found to be still overcorrected in 16 (22%), within normal limits in 36 (50%), and undercorrected in 20 (28%) segments. Ten (13%) segments required additional surgery due to residual deformity. CONCLUSIONS Overcorrection with tension band plating is an effective modality in the treatment of genu valgum deformity. Rebound after plate removal increases as the age at index surgery decreases and the amount of conscious overcorrection increases. Most segments return to normal joint orientation angle limits after overcorrection. We recommend a mean of 5 degrees routine overcorrection in patients with genu valgum deformity to overcome the rebound phenomenon and to make future interventions easier if ever needed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Aksoy
- Hacettepe University Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
| | | | - Erdi Ozdemir
- Karabuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Rafik Ramazanov
- Private Cankaya Hospital, Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara
| | | | - Guney Yilmaz
- Hacettepe University Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology
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10
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Braga SR, Santili C, Rodrigues NVM, Soni JF, Green DW. Growth modulation for angular knee deformities: a practical guideline. Curr Opin Pediatr 2023; 35:110-117. [PMID: 36218192 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study aimed to review the established concepts and advances related to growth modulation for treating knee angular deformities. Although they are considered well tolerated procedures, careful indications and accurate techniques are necessary to ensure good results. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to general clinical and radiographic evaluations, new tools such as two-dimensional low-dose radiography and gait analysis have been used to clarify angular and torsional combinations and the impact of mild angulations on the knee joint. Temporary epiphysiodesis is commonly the choice, and it can be performed with different implants such as staples, tension band plates (TBP), percutaneous transphyseal screws (PETS), sutures, and screws. SUMMARY Considering its principles, TBP has been preferred for younger children. Cost can be a limitation, and research for alternative implants such as screws and nonabsorbable sutures indicate they might be an alternative in the future. In adolescents, PETS becomes an attractive alternative; however, its reversible character has been controversial, and further studies are needed to establish limits in younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Reis Braga
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
| | - Claudio Santili
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein
| | | | - Jamil F Soni
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná
- Hospital do Trabalhador, Curitiba, Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel W Green
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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