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Deng L, Chen Y, Wang Z, Zeng N, Zhang Q, Zhou T, Chen Y, Wu S. Analysis of the influencing factors related to neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injuries: a retrospective study. Br J Neurosurg 2023; 37:1588-1593. [PMID: 35200073 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2022.2043242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the related influencing factors of neuropathic pain (NP) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Patients diagnosed with SCI between January 2016 and December 2019 in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, were screened for NP by using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire. A total of 133 patients diagnosed with SCI with NP were finally included in the study. We collected the patients' basic information, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), disease course, injury segment, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, occupation, educational level, whether painkillers were used, stability of economic support, and pain level. Univariate and multiple ordered logistic regression analyses were used to examine the influencing factors of NP in the patients with SCI. RESULTS The chi-square test revealed that disease course, injury level, severity of SCI (ASIA classification), stable economic support during hospitalization, and the use of painkillers had statistical significance (p < .01). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of NP. ASIA grade, stable economic support, and use of painkillers were independent influencing factors of NP in patients with SCI, among which injury severity was the independent risk factor (odds ratio [OR] > 1). Stable economic support and painkiller use were protective factors (OR < 1). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found no significant correlation between NP after SCI and sex, age, BMI, disease course, injury level, and occupation. However, the injury severity was an independent risk factor, and stable economic support and painkiller use were protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyi Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Zhitao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
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Akazawa T, Inoue G, Tanaka M, Umehara T, Nagai T, Oshita Y, Imura T, Miyagi M, Saito W, Sako K, Nomura S, Hiyama A, Katoh H, Sakai D, Sato M, Yoshida A, Iinuma M, Niki H, Takaso M, Watanabe M. Somnolence and Dizziness During Mirogabalin Treatment in Patients With Neuropathic Pain Related to Lumbar Disease Who Switched From Pregabalin: A Retrospective Study. Global Spine J 2023; 13:1319-1324. [PMID: 34325544 PMCID: PMC10416605 DOI: 10.1177/21925682211031185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Multicenter retrospective study. OBJECTIVES To investigate adverse events (AEs) in patients with neuropathic pain related to lumbar disease who switched to mirogabalin from pregabalin. METHODS This study surveyed the records of 82 patients with peripheral neuropathic leg pain related to lumbar disease who switched to mirogabalin from pregabalin. We evaluated AEs associated with pregabalin and mirogabalin, the continuation rate of mirogabalin, and the pain-relieving effect at 4 weeks after switching from pregabalin to mirogabalin. We compared patients who switched due to lack of efficacy (LoE group) and patients who switched due to AEs (AE group). RESULTS The incidence rates of somnolence and dizziness with pregabalin were 12.2% and 14.6%, respectively, while the incidence rates with mirogabalin were reduced to 7.3% for somnolence and 4.9% for dizziness. The incidence of AEs with pregabalin was significantly higher in the AE group (LoE group: 11.1%, AE group 100%), especially for somnolence (LoE group: 3.2%, AE group: 47.1%) and dizziness (LoE group: 4.8%, AE: 52.9%). After switching, the incidences of AEs with mirogabalin were not significantly different between the 2 groups (LoE group: 15.9%, AE group: 23.5%), including for somnolence (LoE group: 7.9%, AE group: 5.9%) and dizziness (LoE group: 4.8%, AE group: 5.9%). There were no significant differences in continuation rate of mirogabalin or the pain-relieving effect between groups. CONCLUSIONS The patients who experience somnolence and dizziness with pregabalin might be able to continue safely receiving treatment for their pain by switching to mirogabalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Akazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tasuku Umehara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University Yokohama Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nagai
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University Oiso Hospital, Oiso, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oshita
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Imura
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyagi
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Saito
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sako
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hiyama
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katoh
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Sato
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iinuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisateru Niki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Kanagawa Spine Research Society, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Associations Between Neck and Shoulder Pain and Neuropathic Pain in a Middle-aged Community-living Population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2022; 47:632-639. [PMID: 34431834 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NeP in subjects suffering from NSP to reveal the impact of NeP on the health-related QOL (HRQOL) in middle-aged and elderly people with NSP in a health checkup. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA No previous studies have established the relationship between NSP and NeP as potential risk factors contributing to a decreased QOL in the general population. METHODS The present study involved 203 participants (men: 84, women: 119; mean age: 63.3 yr). For each subject, anthro-pometric measurements, physical function examinations, and blood testing were performed. A cut-off score of >0 on the short-form spine painDETECT questionnaire defined the presence of NeP. Subsequently, the NSP (+) subjects were divided into 2 sub-groups: the NeP (+) and NeP (-) groups. For the assessment of QOL, the short form 36 health survey and the EuroQol 5 dimension 5 level version (EQ-5D-5L) tool were used. RESULTS The study included 100 NSP (+) and 103 NSP (-) subjects. Among the NSP (+) subjects, 46 and 54 subjects were found to be NeP (+) and NeP (-), respectively. For the short form 36 health survey, the multivariate regression analysis revealed that the prevalence of NeP was associated with a lower physical QOL (OR 3.56) and lower mental QOL (OR 4.04). Similarly, the NeP prevalence was found to be the predictor for low QOL scores in EQ-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L index value <0.875; OR 3.61). CONCLUSION The prevalence of NeP was reported to be 46.0% in healthy middle-aged and elderly population suffering from NSP, where it was associated with poor HRQOL. Therefore, strategies aimed at alleviating NeP may contribute significantly to the improvement of QOL in middle-aged and elderly people with NSP.Level of Evidence: 2.
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Metabolic syndrome reduces spinal range of motion: The Yakumo study. J Orthop Sci 2022; 28:547-553. [PMID: 35430127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess visceral fat can accumulate owing to lack of exercise. The relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and spinal range of motion (ROM) is not clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between MetS and spinal alignment and ROM. METHODS Orthopedic evaluation was prospectively performed in 544 participants. The participants were classified into two groups on the basis of the Japanese-specific MetS criteria proposed by the Japanese Committee of the Criteria for MetS (JCCMS). Lower back pain (LBP), knee joint pain with the visual analog scale (VAS), Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade for knee osteoarthritis, body mass index (BMI), and spinal alignment and ROM were evaluated. RESULTS Forty-four (8.1%) were diagnosed as having MetS. The prevalence rate of K-L grade 4 in the MetS group was significantly higher than that in the non-MetS group (p < 0.05). When sex, age, and BMI were evaluated as covariates, there were significant differences in the VAS score for knee pain (non-MetS group vs MetS group: 13.7 vs 23.3, p < 0.05), L1-S1 flexion spinal ROM (44.1° vs 38.1°, p < 0.001), flexion spinal inclination angle (SIA) ROM (107.6° vs 99.3°, p < 0.01), and SIA ROM (135.4° vs 124.0°, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Knee pain increased and flexion spinal ROM decreased significantly in the MetS group as compared with non-MetS group. Systemic factors associated with MetS may have a specific impact on spinal ROM while promoting knee osteoarthrosis and increased knee pain.
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Kobayashi K, Ando K, Nakashima H, Machino M, Kanbara S, Ito S, Inoue T, Yamaguchi H, Koshimizu H, Segi N, Hasegawa Y, Imagama S. Relationship of frequency of participation in a physical checkup and physical fitness in middle-aged and elderly people: the Yakumo study. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2021; 83:841-850. [PMID: 34916726 PMCID: PMC8648535 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.83.4.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An annual physical checkup is provided as part of the long-term Yakumo study. The checkup is voluntary and there is variation in the frequency of participation. The aim of this study was to examine relationship of physical fitness with frequency of participation in this checkup. The subjects had all attended at least one annual physical checkup from 2006 to 2018. Data from 1,804 initial checkups were used for analysis. At the checkups, age, gender, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and bone mineral density (BMD) were recorded, and physical activity was measured. The average number of physical checkups per participant for 13 years was 2.4 (1-13). Daily exercise habits were found to be significantly associated with higher participation in physical checkups. Furthermore, between groups with low (1-5 times; <90th percentile of participants) and high (≥6 times) participation, weight and BMI were significantly higher, and BMD, grip strength, 10-m gait time, back muscle strength, and two-step test were all significantly lower in the group with lower frequency of participation in the checkup. In conclusions, our results show that frequency of participation in a voluntary annual physical checkup is significantly associated with physical fitness in middle-aged and elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Machino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kanbara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taro Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koshimizu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Segi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hasegawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai University of Welfare Science, Kashiwara, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Ruan Y, Chen W, Zhuang C, Lin H. Health-Related Perceptions of Older Adults/Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Diseases (ODLs) are associated with their Quality of Life: a Mixed-Methods Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:2303-2311. [PMID: 34675494 PMCID: PMC8518139 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s328532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate the quality of life of older adults/patients with degenerative lumbar diseases (ODLs) and analyse its association with some of their health-related perceptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS This mixed-methods study consisted of a questionnaire survey and an in-depth interview, which was designed within this study. ODLs were recruited from January 12, 2017 to June 27, 2018. The independent sample t-test and grounded theory coding method were employed for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 125 participants who returned valid questionnaires, 18 were included in the in-depth interviews. ODLs' quality of life was associated with the following health-related perceptions: "life barriers", "subjective health status", and "treatment outcomes" across the domains of physiology, psychology, social relations, and environment. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that ODLs' quality of life is associated with their health-related perceptions. Thus, to improve older adults' quality of life, more attention should be paid to enhancing non-medical factors such as their health-related perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ruan
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weisin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Science Popularization, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Impact of Neck and Shoulder Pain on Health-Related Quality of Life in a Middle-Aged Community-Living Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6674264. [PMID: 34212040 PMCID: PMC8208860 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6674264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Neck and shoulder pain (NSP) is very common in the general population. However, scarce information exists on the relationship between NSP and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes in this population. The present study described NSP prevalence and its impact on the HRQOL of middle-aged and older persons undergoing a routine medical checkup. Methods This study recruited 318 subjects (125 males and 193 females; average age, 63.4 years) in good health, collected underwent anthropometric measurements, physical function examinations, and blood testing. This study defined NSP as the presence of muscle tension, stiffness, pressure, or dull pain in areas between the neck and the arch of the scapular. Study subjects were divided into two groups (NSP (+) and NSP (-) groups). The subjects completed questions on the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) and the EuroQol 5-dimension, 5-level version (EQ-5D-5L) tool. Results Of the patients, 150 and 168 were NSP (+) and NSP (-), respectively. The NSP complaint rate was 47.2%. The NSP (+) group had younger and more female participants than the NSP (-) group. In the multivariate regression analysis, the NSP (+) group had lower physical QOL based on the SF-36 physical component summary (odds ratio (OR), 2.45) and lower mental QOL based on the SF-36 mental component summary (OR, 2.05). Overall, the NSP (+) group had a higher risk of having low QOL scores (EQ-5D-5L index; OR, 1.76). Conclusions The NSP (+) rate in healthy middle-aged and older persons was 47.2%. Furthermore, NSP (+) status was directly related poor HRQOL. NSP is a predictor of suboptimal physical and mental QOL. Therefore, NSP prevention or intervention for NSP may improve middle-aged and older adults' QOL.
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Imagama S, Ando K, Kobayashi K, Nakashima H, Seki T, Hamada T, Machino M, Ota K, Tanaka S, Morozumi M, Kanbara S, Ito S, Ishiguro N, Hasegawa Y. Risk Factors for Neuropathic Pain in Middle-Aged and Elderly People: A Five-Year Longitudinal Cohort in the Yakumo Study. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 21:1604-1610. [PMID: 32274504 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the risk factors for new neuropathic pain (NeP) after five years in healthy middle-aged and elderly volunteers. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort study (Yakumo study). SETTING Clinical evaluation in a health checkup. SUBJECTS A total of 366 people (male N = 146, female N = 220, average age = 63.5 years) who did not have NeP in 2013 were examined. METHODS NeP was diagnosed based on a painDETECT questionnaire score ≥13. Body mass index (BMI), comorbidity, low back pain (LBP), sciatica, physical ability, grip and back muscle strength, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, frailty, spinal alignment, and quality of life (QOL) with the SF36 in 2013 were compared between NeP(+) and NeP(-) subjects in 2018 using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The NeP(+) rate in 2018 was 5.2%, with no significant differences in age and gender. NeP(+) subjects had significantly lower BMI, severe sciatica, poor gait ability, higher rates of osteoporosis and sarcopenia, greater lumbar kyphosis and spinal inclination, and poorer mental health in 2013. Poor gait ability (odds ratio [OR] = 8.05), low BMI (OR = 2.31), lumbar kyphosis (OR = 1.38), low percentage of the young adult mean (OR = 1.15), and low mental QOL (OR = 1.06) were identified as significant and independent risk factors for new NeP after five years. CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal cohort study identified five independent risk factors for development of new NeP after five years, with related factors of spinal inclination, sarcopenia, and sciatica. New NeP may be prevented by intervention or treatment of these factors at an early stage in relatively healthy middle-aged and elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taisuke Seki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Machino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kyotaro Ota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Morozumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kanbara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hasegawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan
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Prognostic factors for pain chronicity in low back pain: a systematic review. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e919. [PMID: 33981936 PMCID: PMC8108595 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Several prognostic factors are related to low back pain chronicity, and these should be taken into account when planning more comprehensive models in its prevention. Low back pain is the leading cause for years lived in disability. Most people with acute low back pain improve rapidly, but 4% to 25% of patients become chronic. Since the previous systematic reviews on the subject, a large number of new studies have been conducted. The objective of this article was to review the evidence of the prognostic factors behind nonspecific chronic low back pain. A systematic literature search was performed without date limitation from the MEDLINE, Cochrane library, and Medic databases. Specific inclusion criteria were used, and risk factors before the onset of chronic symptoms were searched. Study quality was assessed by 2 independent reviewers. One hundred eleven full articles were read for potential inclusion, and 25 articles met all the inclusion criteria. One study was rated as good quality, 19 studies were rated as fair quality, and 5 articles were rated as poor quality. Higher pain intensity, higher body weight, carrying heavy loads at work, difficult working positions, and depression were the most frequently observed risk factors for chronic low back pain. Maladaptive behavior strategies, general anxiety, functional limitation during the episode, smoking, and particularly physical work were also explicitly predictive of chronicity. According to this systematic review, several prognostic factors from the biomechanical, psychological and psychosocial point of view are significant for chronicity in low back pain.
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Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Manual Measurements of Neck Circumference Are Interchangeable, and Declining Neck Circumference Is Related to Presarcopenia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6622398. [PMID: 33860044 PMCID: PMC8024069 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6622398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Preventive medicine is important in an aging society. Presarcopenia is the preliminary stage of sarcopenia. Recent advances in bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices have enabled automatic estimation of neck circumference (NC). However, the agreement between and interchangeability of NC measured manually and that calculated with BIA have not been evaluated. We performed these analyses in the context of health checkups and investigated their associations with presarcopenia. Methods We enrolled 318 participants who underwent anthropometric measurements, including NC measured manually and by BIA; assessment of physical function; and blood testing. We used Bland-Altman analysis to calculate the agreement between and interchangeability of NC measurements by BIA and by the manual method. We then statistically compared normal participants and those with presarcopenia. Using multivariable analysis, we subsequently investigated significant risk factors for presarcopenia. We defined presarcopenia according to the appendicular skeletal muscle index (aSMI; the ratio of arm and leg skeletal muscle mass to height2). Results Bland-Altman analysis showed that bias (BIA-manual) was negative overall (−1.07), for male participants (−1.23), and for female participants (−0.96). This finding suggests that BIA measurement is an underestimate in comparison with manual measurement. NC measurement by BIA was found to be interchangeable with that by manual methods, inasmuch as the percentage error was less than 5% overall (4.38%), for male participants (3.81%), and for female participants (4.58%). Univariable analysis revealed that NC was significantly smaller in the participants with presarcopenia than in those without. Multivariable analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, revealed that a decrease in NC was significantly correlated with presarcopenia. Conclusions BIA measurements of NC are interchangeable within about 95% with manual measurements. The decrease in NC measured by BIA was significantly associated with presarcopenia in both genders. NC measurement can be used for early detection of presarcopenia.
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Imagama S, Murakami H, Kaito T, Matsuyama Y, Yamashita T, Kawakami M, Takahashi K, Yoshida M, Ohtori S, Taguchi T, Haro H, Taneichi H, Yamazaki M, Inoue G, Nishida K, Yamada H, Kabata D, Shintani A, Iwasaki M, Ito M, Miyakoshi N, Yonenobu K, Takura T, Mochida J. Impact of background factors on outcomes of pharmacological therapy for chronic low back pain: A nationwide multicenter prospective study. J Orthop Sci 2021; 26:92-102. [PMID: 32122744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a major cause of chronic pain with nociceptive, neuropathic or both pain components, and a leading cause of disability. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of background factors including previous use of drugs on outcomes of pharmacological therapy for CLBP in a nationwide multicenter prospective study. METHODS The subjects were 474 patients (male: 41.9%, median age: 73.0) with CLBP. Background factors that could influence outcomes after pharmacological treatment for 6 months were examined: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), duration of CLBP, osteoporosis, history of spinal surgery, history of malignant tumor, smoking habit, employment status (yes or no), exercise habit (frequency), number of live-in family members, having something to do for pleasure, Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D) score, and medication at baseline. Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) for LBP, JOA Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ), Short-form 8-item health survey (SF-8), and EQ-5D were used for evaluation at baseline and after 6 months. Multivariate linear regression models were used in statistical analysis. RESULTS Drugs for neuropathic pain at baseline (p < 0.001), Tramacet® at baseline (p < 0.05), weak opioids at baseline (p < 0.05), older age (p < 0.001), long disease duration (p < 0.005), history of spinal surgery (p < 0.001), and smoking habit (p < 0.001) had significant negative effects on outcomes. Employment (p < 0.05), exercise habit (p < 0.05), and CED-D at baseline (p < 0.001) had positive effects on outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to identify significant prognostic factors for outcomes of pharmacological treatment of CLBP. The neuropathic pain component of CLBP at baseline is a major significant negative factor for most outcomes involving improved pain, activities of daily life, and quality of life. Treatment strategies developed with consideration of these factors may be advantageous for recovery from CLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedics / Rheumatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Hideki Murakami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Matsuyama
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kawakami
- Spine Care Center, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Katsuragi-cho, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Taguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamaguchi Rosai Hospital, Sanyoonoda, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Taneichi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibumachi, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of the Ryukyus, Faculty of Medicine, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daijiro Kabata
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Manabu Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Takura
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joji Mochida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Japan Medical Alliance, Ebina General Hospital, Ebina, Japan
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Influence of Global Spine Sagittal Balance and Spinal Degenerative Changes on Locomotive Syndrome Risk in a Middle-Age and Elderly Community-Living Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3274864. [PMID: 33029502 PMCID: PMC7532429 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3274864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of each locomotive syndrome (LS) risk stage, including global spine sagittal alignment, spinal degenerative changes evident on plain radiographs, low back pain (LBP), muscle strength, and physical ability in middle-aged and elderly people in a health checkup. Methods This study included 211 healthy Japanese volunteers (89 men and 122 women; mean age, 64.0 years) who underwent assessment with both radiographs and Spinal Mouse. Spinal sagittal parameters included thoracic kyphosis angle (TKA), lumbar lordosis angle (LLA), sagittal vertical axis, and spinal inclination angle (SIA). Lumbar disc height (LDH) and lumbar osteophyte formation (LOF) at each level were evaluated as the spinal degenerative changes. The LS assessment comprised three tests: stand-up test, two-step test, and 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25). The subjects were divided into three groups (no risk, stage 1 LS, or stage 2 LS) according to LS risk test criteria. The prevalence of LBP was investigated with a visual analogue scale (VAS), and physical performances were also compared among the groups. Results Of the participants, 122 had no risk of LS, 56 had stage 1 LS risk, and 29 had stage 2 LS risk. With increasing LS risk stage, the prevalence of and VAS score for LBP increased significantly, and back muscle strength and physical abilities decreased significantly. The TKA did not differ among the three groups. The LLA decreased gradually with LS risk stage (P = 0.0001). At each level except L1–L2 and L5–S1, LDH decreased gradually with LS risk stage. The prevalence of LOF increased significantly with increasing LS risk stage. The SIA increased significantly with LS risk stage (P = 0.0167). Conclusions Participants with LS had higher prevalence of spinal degeneration, small LLA, and global spinal imbalance by anterior spinal inclination.
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Ando K, Kobayashi K, Nakashima H, Machino M, Ito S, Kanbara S, Inoue T, Hasegawa Y, Imagama S. Poor spinal alignment in females with obesity: The Yakumo study. J Orthop 2020; 21:512-516. [PMID: 32999540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this prospective study was prospectively to investigate the relationship between obesity and spinal sagittal alignment. Methods 286 were referred for orthopedic evaluation. Differences in spinal parameters among these groups and between males and females were evaluated. Results Obese subjects had significantly higher C2S, CPA, CTPA, PI-LL, and lower cervical lordosis, L4S1, lumbar lordosis, and sacral slope. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age in females, CTPA was identified as the only independent and significant factor associated with obesity. Conclusions Obesity in females has significant relationships with spinal sagittal alignment and results in poorer physical QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65,Tsurumai,Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65,Tsurumai,Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65,Tsurumai,Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaaki Machino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65,Tsurumai,Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65,Tsurumai,Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kanbara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65,Tsurumai,Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taro Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65,Tsurumai,Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Hasegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, 3-11-1, Asahigaoka, Kashihara, Osaka, 5820026, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65,Tsurumai,Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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14
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Imagama S, Ando K, Kobayashi K, Machino M, Tanaka S, Morozumi M, Kanbara S, Ito S, Inoue T, Seki T, Ishizuka S, Nakashima H, Ishiguro N, Hasegawa Y. Multivariate analysis of factors related to the absence of musculoskeletal degenerative disease in middle-aged and older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 19:1141-1146. [PMID: 31746530 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Musculoskeletal degenerative disease (MSD; osteoporosis, knee arthritis and lumbar spondylosis) decreases the quality of life (QOL) of older people. The objective of the present study was to identify the factors related to the absence of MSD in multivariate logistic regression analysis. METHODS The participants were 1034 volunteers (444 men, 590 women, mean age 63.5 years) in the Yakumo study. Osteoporosis (percentage of young adult mean ≤70%), knee arthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2), and lumbar spondylosis (Nathan class ≥3) were prospectively examined. Participants were divided into those with and without MSD. Age, sex, body mass index, muscle strength, gait ability, pain, body balance, spinal sagittal alignment, geriatric syndrome (locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia) and QOL (Short Form Health Survey) were compared between these groups to identify the factors associated with the absence of MSD. RESULTS Significantly lower age, body mass index and pain; higher gait speed, grip and back muscle strength; more stable body balance; better sagittal spinal alignment; and lower rates of locomotive syndrome, frailty and sarcopenia were observed in the group without MSD (n = 445, 43%), with significantly better QOL (P < 0.0001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, lower body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 1.10, P < 0.001), lower spinal inclination (OR 1.08, P < 0.01), higher back muscle strength (OR 1.01, P < 0.05), no locomotive syndrome (OR 1.80, P < 0.05) and good body balance (OR: 1.12, P < 0.05) were significant factors for the absence of MSD. CONCLUSIONS Factors related to an absence of MSD are also related to good QOL, and should be a focus of health interventions in healthy middle-aged and older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 1141-1146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Machino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Morozumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kanbara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taro Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taisuke Seki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hasegawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan
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Musculoskeletal Factors and Geriatric Syndromes Related to the Absence of Musculoskeletal Degenerative Disease in Elderly People Aged over 70 Years. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7097652. [PMID: 31886243 PMCID: PMC6925682 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7097652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate factors with a significant relationship with the absence of musculoskeletal disease (MSD: osteoporosis, knee osteoarthritis (K-OA), and lumbar spondylosis (L-OA)) in elderly people ≥70 years old. Methods The subjects were 279 people (134 males, 145 females, mean age: 75.2 years) who attended an annual health checkup and were prospectively included in the study. Osteoporosis was defined as %YAM ≤70%, K-OA as Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≥2, and L-OA as osteophytes of Nathan class ≥3. Subjects were divided into those with (group D) and without (group N) any MSD. Clinical variables including locomotive syndrome (LS), frailty, sarcopenia, and QOL (SF-36) were compared between the groups. Results There was no significant difference in age or gender between group N (n = 54) and group D (n = 225). Lower BMI and pain, including neuropathic pain; greater back muscle strength, physical ability, and balance with eyes closed; larger lumbar lordosis, sacral inclination, and lumbar ROM; and smaller spinal inclination were found in group N. The rates of LS and sarcopenia were significantly lower and QOL was significantly higher in group N. Conclusions This study firstly revealed the significant musculoskeletal factors and geriatric syndromes related to an absence of MSD, which may form the basis of interventions to improve QOL in elderly people ≥70 years old.
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Imagama S, Ando K, Kobayashi K, Machino M, Tanaka S, Morozumi M, Kanbara S, Ito S, Seki T, Ishizuka S, Nakashima H, Ishiguro N, Hasegawa Y. Differences of locomotive syndrome and frailty in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly people: Pain, osteoarthritis, spinal alignment, body balance, and quality of life. Mod Rheumatol 2019; 30:921-929. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2019.1665616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kei Ando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaaki Machino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Morozumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kanbara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taisuke Seki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hasegawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Osaka, Japan
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