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Cvrček J, Kuběna AA, Jor T, Naňka O, Drtikolová Kaupová S, Velemínský P. Does sternal body shape reflect family relationships? A study on a genealogically documented Central European osteological sample (19th-20th centuries). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:366-377. [PMID: 36168706 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In forensic contexts, sternal anatomical varieties represent useful tools for the identification of an individual, either by comparison of ante-mortem and post-mortem data, or by potential comparison of data from biologically related individuals. Sternal body variation is also used to detect the biological affinity of individuals in bioarchaeology. However, no study has been made available to date on the degree to which the overall shape of the sternal body reflects the degree of biological relatedness. We, therefore, analyzed the sternal body shape of 10 individuals with known genealogical data, members of one family over three generations including inbred individuals (19th-20th centuries, Bohemia, Czech Republic), and a control sample of 12 biologically unrelated individuals. First, closely biologically related individuals were compared with unrelated individuals based on 10 variables expressing the morphological characteristics of the sternum, and then all individuals were compared based on Fourier analysis depending on their degree of relationship. The results showed that there is a greater degree of shape similarity in biologically related individuals than in unrelated individuals, and variability decreases with an increasing degree of relatedness. Inbred individuals showed the lowest sternum-shape distances and degree of variability, while unrelated individuals, showed the highest distances and variability. Moreover, in some cases, the documented relationships were also supported by a similar morphology of the ossified and fused xiphoid process. Thus, sternal shape analysis expands the possibilities for individual identification and the detection of the biological affinity of individuals for both the forensic sciences and bioarchaeology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cvrček
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Antonín Kuběna
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Jor
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Naňka
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
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Sebaaly A, Farjallah S, Kharrat K, Kreichati G, Daher M. Scheuermann's kyphosis: update on pathophysiology and surgical treatment. EFORT Open Rev 2022; 7:782-791. [PMID: 36475554 PMCID: PMC9780615 DOI: 10.1530/eor-22-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scheuermann's Kyphosis (SK) is a rigid spinal kyphosis. Several theories have been proposed concerning its pathogenesis, but it is, to this day, still unknown. It has a prevalence of 0.4-8.3% in the population with a higher incidence in females. Clinical examination with x-rays is needed to differentiate and confirm this diagnosis. Non-surgical management is reserved for smaller deformities and in skeletally immature patients, whereas surgery is recommended for higher deformities. Combined anterior and posterior approach was considered the gold standard for the surgical treatment of this disease, but there is an increasing trend toward posterior-only approaches especially with use of segmental fixation. This study reviews the pathophysiology of SK while proposing a treatment algorithm for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Sebaaly
- School of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon,Orthopedic Department, Spine Unit, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon,Correspondence should be addressed to A Sebaaly;
| | - Sarah Farjallah
- Orthopedic Department, Spine Unit, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khalil Kharrat
- Orthopedic Department, Spine Unit, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Gaby Kreichati
- School of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon,Orthopedic Department, Spine Unit, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Daher
- School of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Li S, Lei P, Liu Y, Chen C, Yang D, Li X, Tang ST. Sternum length norms in Han youngsters in central China. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:559. [PMID: 35978914 PMCID: PMC9366273 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The sternum is one of the most important components of the chest wall. However, to the best of our knowledge, at present there is no reference value of the sternum length in normal Han Chinese children that has been published in the literature. The aim of the present study was therefore to establish the reference value of sternum length in a normal Han Chinese population of different ages and sex groups. Chest computed tomography scans and three-dimensional reconstruction images of 1,080 individuals who were younger than 18 years old and without congenital or acquired structural anomalies or congenital metabolic diseases were retrospectively reviewed. The length of the sternum was measured for each individual and comparisons of the sternum length according to sex were conducted using the Mann-Whitney test. Age or region group comparisons were performed using the ANOVA test, and the association between the length of the sternum and age was assessed by regression analysis. A significant association between the age (x) of the individual and the length of the sternum (y) was confirmed, although different regression patterns were identified for the sexes (the regression equation for males was y=5.616x+60.408; P<0.001; R2=0.890, whereas that for females was y=-0.134x2+6.543x+56.805; P<0.001, R2=0.890). No significant differences in sternum length were identified between the sexes for subjects aged 1-13 years old, whereas significant differences were observed comparing the sexes of the subjects aged 14-18 years old. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the length of the sternum in normal Han Chinese children can be precisely estimated by the age of the child using our formulae for the different sexes (where the most-fit formulae for the two sexes are different). This knowledge can be applied clinically in chest wall deformity assessment, and in surgery planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Cen Chen
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dehua Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Tao Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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do Brito JS, Martins S, Fernandes P. Sternoclavicular dislocation as a possible complication for surgical Scheuermann's deformity correction: a case report. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 29:133-137. [PMID: 31486899 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present a sternoclavicular dislocation as a non-reported complication after spinal kyphotic deformity surgical correction. BACKGROUND The sternocostal complex seems to have an important role in the pathology of Scheuermann's kyphotic deformity. A role for the sternoclavicular complex has never been reported in association with Scheuermann's disease pathology but could explain anterior sternoclavicular dislocation after spinal kyphotic deformity correction. METHODS A 19-year-old male patient underwent surgery for a 74° thoracic kyphosis associated with a 35° thoracic and a 50° lumbar scoliotic curve. In the early post-operative period, the patient developed pain over the left sternoclavicular joint articulation, with a very obvious lump. An X-ray disclosed an anterior sternoclavicular dislocation. After surgical treatment failed, the dislocation was repaired in a second surgical procedure with a flexion and lengthening osteotomy of the middle third of the clavicle followed by capsular repair reinforced with sternocleidomastoid fascia. RESULTS At an 8-year follow-up after his spine procedure and 6 years after his clavicular surgery, the patient had full shoulder range of motion and no joint pain, despite the presence of a new sternoclavicular anterior dislocation. CONCLUSION Sternoclavicular dislocation after spine kyphotic deformity correction is presented for the first time; however, it is not possible to establish a causative association. Additional studies are necessary to delineate the role of the sternoclavicular complex in Scheuermann's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Soares do Brito
- Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Samuel Martins
- Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Orthopaedics Department, University Hospital Santa Maria - Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal
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Wáng YXJ, Santiago FR, Deng M, Nogueira-Barbosa MH. Identifying osteoporotic vertebral endplate and cortex fractures. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2017; 7:555-591. [PMID: 29184768 PMCID: PMC5682396 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2017.10.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, and vertebral fractures (VFs) are the most common osteoporotic fracture. A single atraumatic VF may lead to the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Prevalent VFs increase the risk of future vertebral and non-vertebral osteoporotic fracture independent of bone mineral density (BMD). The accurate and clear reporting of VF is essential to ensure patients with osteoporosis receive appropriate treatment. Radiologist has a vital role in the diagnosis of this disease. Several morphometrical and radiological methods for detecting osteoporotic VF have been proposed, but there is no consensus regarding the definition of osteoporotic VF. A vertebra may fracture yet not ever result in measurable changes in radiographic height or area. To overcome these difficulties, algorithm-based qualitative approach (ABQ) was developed with a focus on the identification of change in the vertebral endplate. Evidence of endplate fracture (rather than variation in vertebral shape) is the primary indicator of osteoporotic fracture according to ABQ criteria. Other changes that may mimic osteoporotic fractures should be systemically excluded. It is also possible that vertebral cortex fracture may not initially occur in endplate. Particularly, vertebral cortex fracture can occur in anterior vertebral cortex without gross vertebral deformity (VD), or fractures deform the anterior vertebral cortex without endplate disruption. This article aims to serve as a teaching material for physicians or researchers to identify vertebral endplate/cortex fracture (ECF). Emphasis is particularly dedicated to identifying ECF which may not be associated apparent vertebral body collapse. We believe a combined approach based on standardized radiologic evaluation by experts and morphometry measurement is the most appropriate approach to detect and classify VFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yì Xiáng J. Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Min Deng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
A 17-year-old adolescent boy presented with progressive lower back pain and fatigue.
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Abstract
Scheuermann's disease is a juvenile osteochondrosis of the spine. It is a disease of the growth cartilage endplate, probably due to repetitive strain on the growth cartilage weakened by a genetic background. The radiographic aspects are related to the vertebral endplate lesions and include vertebral wedging, irregularity of the vertebral endplate, and Schmorl's node (intraossous disk herniation). Disc alterations are frequent and may be secondary to dysfunction of the disc-vertebra complex. The definitions of Scheuermann's disease are varied; it can refer to the classical form of juvenile kyphosis, described by Scheuermann as well as asymptomatic radiographic abnormalities. Lumbar involvement is probably as frequent as the thoracic form and might be more painful. The first-line treatment is medical and includes rehabilitation and bracing. The earlier the start of treatment, the better the outcome, which highlights the importance of early diagnosis. Surgery is uncommon and must be limited to severe involvement after failure of conservative treatment. The natural history of Scheuermann's disease is unknown, but it might be associated with increased risk of back pain. The evolution of thoracolumbar and lumbar disease is unknown.
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