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Wang B, Qinglai T, Yang Q, Li M, Zeng S, Yang X, Xiao Z, Tong X, Lei L, Li S. Functional acellular matrix for tissue repair. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100530. [PMID: 36601535 PMCID: PMC9806685 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of their low immunogenicity, biomimetic internal environment, tissue- and organ-like physicochemical properties, and functionalization potential, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) materials attract considerable attention and are widely used in tissue engineering. This review describes the composition of extracellular matrices and their role in stem-cell differentiation, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of existing decellularization techniques, and presents methods for the functionalization and characterization of decellularized scaffolds. In addition, we discuss progress in the use of dECMs for cartilage, skin, nerve, and muscle repair and the transplantation or regeneration of different whole organs (e.g., kidneys, liver, uterus, lungs, and heart), summarize the shortcomings of using dECMs for tissue and organ repair after refunctionalization, and examine the corresponding future prospects. Thus, the present review helps to further systematize the application of functionalized dECMs in tissue/organ transplantation and keep researchers up to date on recent progress in dECM usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Tang Qinglai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shiying Zeng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zian Xiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinying Tong
- Department of Hemodialysis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Shisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Multiphoton microfabrication and micropatternining (MMM)-based screening of multiplex cell niche factors for phenotype maintenance - Bovine nucleus pulposus cell as an example. Biomaterials 2022; 281:121367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Decellularized extracellular matrix mediates tissue construction and regeneration. Front Med 2021; 16:56-82. [PMID: 34962624 PMCID: PMC8976706 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Contributing to organ formation and tissue regeneration, extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents provide tissue with three-dimensional (3D) structural integrity and cellular-function regulation. Containing the crucial traits of the cellular microenvironment, ECM substitutes mediate cell–matrix interactions to prompt stem-cell proliferation and differentiation for 3D organoid construction in vitro or tissue regeneration in vivo. However, these ECMs are often applied generically and have yet to be extensively developed for specific cell types in 3D cultures. Cultured cells also produce rich ECM, particularly stromal cells. Cellular ECM improves 3D culture development in vitro and tissue remodeling during wound healing after implantation into the host as well. Gaining better insight into ECM derived from either tissue or cells that regulate 3D tissue reconstruction or organ regeneration helps us to select, produce, and implant the most suitable ECM and thus promote 3D organoid culture and tissue remodeling for in vivo regeneration. Overall, the decellularization methodologies and tissue/cell-derived ECM as scaffolds or cellular-growth supplements used in cell propagation and differentiation for 3D tissue culture in vitro are discussed. Moreover, current preclinical applications by which ECM components modulate the wound-healing process are reviewed.
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Gao D, Hao L, Zhao Z. Long non-coding RNA PART1 promotes intervertebral disc degeneration through regulating the miR‑93/MMP2 pathway in nucleus pulposus cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:289-299. [PMID: 32319551 PMCID: PMC7255469 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the long non‑coding (lnc)RNA PART1 in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells derived from patients with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The level of PART1 in degenerative NP tissues from patients with IDD, bulging and herniated discs was measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR) analysis. NP cells were isolated from patients with IDD and transfected with siPART1, after which time the growth ability of the NP cells was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit‑8 and colony formation assays, and cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The levels of the cell proliferation marker Ki‑67 and the apoptosis marker cleaved caspase‑3, and the levels of genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and degradation, were also evaluated by western blotting and RT‑qPCR, as appropriate. Bioinformatics methods predicted that miR‑93 was sponged by PART1, and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2 was targeted by miR‑93, which was further confirmed by dual‑luciferase reporter assay. The levels of miR‑93 and MMP2 were also measured in NP tissues, and further rescue experiments were performed to confirm the role of the PART1/miR‑93/MMP2 pathway in NP cells. PART1 was found to be upregulated in degenerative NP tissues, and siPART1 caused an increase in cell growth ability and ECM synthesis, whereas it decreased cell apoptosis and ECM degradation in NP cells. miR‑93 was downregulated and MMP2 was upregulated in degenerative NP tissues. Rescue experiments indicated that the effects of miR‑93 inhibitor on NP cells were abolished by siPART1, and the effect of miR‑93 mimic on NP cells was rescued by MMP2 overexpression. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrated that PART1 may regulate NP cell degeneration through the miR‑93/MMP2 pathway. These findings indicate a novel signaling axis in NP cells that may be explored for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Gao
- Department of Pain Rehabilitation, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Long Hao
- Department of Pain Rehabilitation, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Chen J, Ge J, Yan Q, Wu C, Yu H, Yang H, Zou J. Puncture Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model: A Standard on Rabbit. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.29.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Jun Ge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Cenhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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6
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Stem Cells for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration. Tech Orthop 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/bto.0000000000000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang Y, Chen S, Yan Z, Pei M. A prospect of cell immortalization combined with matrix microenvironmental optimization strategy for tissue engineering and regeneration. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:7. [PMID: 30627420 PMCID: PMC6321683 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a major hurdle for primary cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Telomere erosion, oxidative stress, the expression of oncogenes and the loss of tumor suppressor genes all may account for the cellular senescence process with the involvement of various signaling pathways. To establish immortalized cell lines for research and clinical use, strategies have been applied including internal genomic or external matrix microenvironment modification. Considering the potential risks of malignant transformation and tumorigenesis of genetic manipulation, environmental modification methods, especially the decellularized cell-deposited extracellular matrix (dECM)-based preconditioning strategy, appear to be promising for tissue engineering-aimed cell immortalization. Due to few review articles focusing on this topic, this review provides a summary of cell senescence and immortalization and discusses advantages and limitations of tissue engineering and regeneration with the use of immortalized cells as well as a potential rejuvenation strategy through combination with the dECM approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Song Chen
- 3Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083 Sichuan China
| | - Zuoqin Yan
- 2Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ming Pei
- 1Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 USA.,4WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA
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8
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Sun Y, Yan L, Chen S, Pei M. Functionality of decellularized matrix in cartilage regeneration: A comparison of tissue versus cell sources. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:56-73. [PMID: 29702288 PMCID: PMC7307012 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) derived from cartilage tissues (T-dECMs) or chondrocytes/stem cells (C-dECMs) can support proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of cartilage-forming cells. However, few review papers compare the differences between these dECMs when they serve as substrates for cartilage regeneration. In this review, after an introduction of cartilage immunogenicity and decellularization methods to prepare T-dECMs and C-dECMs, a comprehensive comparison focuses on the effects of T-dECMs and C-dECMs on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of chondrocytes/stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Key factors within dECMs, consisting of microarchitecture characteristics and micromechanical properties as well as retained insoluble and soluble matrix components, are discussed in-depth for potential mechanisms underlying the functionality of these dECMs in regulating chondrogenesis. With this information, we hope to benefit dECM based cartilage engineering and tissue regeneration for future clinical application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The use of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is becoming a promising approach for tissue engineering and regeneration. Compared to dECM derived from cartilage tissue, recently reported dECM from cell sources exhibits a distinct role in cell based cartilage regeneration. In this review paper, for the first time, tissue and cell based dECMs are comprehensively compared for their functionality in cartilage regeneration. This information is expected to provide an update for dECM based cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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9
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Sun H, Qi L, Wang S, Li X, Li C. Hydrogen sulfide is expressed in the human and the rat cultured nucleus pulposus cells and suppresses apoptosis induced by hypoxia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192556. [PMID: 29466396 PMCID: PMC5821346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays pivotal role in the pathogenesis of degenerative disc diseases, which is the primary contributor to low back pain. Although the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in cell apoptosis is well appreciated, the effects and mechanism that H2S regulates the program death of intervertebral disc cell are not yet elucidated. In this study, we utilized the nucleus pulposus (NP) from patients with lumbar disc herniation to investigate the relationship between endogenous H2S and NP cells apoptosis in human. Furthermore, we analyzed primary rat NP cells to study the effects of exogenous H2S on hypoxia induced cell apoptosis. Human NP samples were obtained from patients with lumbar disc herniation and were divided into uncontained and contained herniation groups. Using immunohistochemistry staining and sulphur-sensitive electrode, we detected the expression of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), as well as the production of endogenous H2S in human NP. Tunel staining showed increased apoptosis in NP from herniated disc; and there was significant correlation between H2S generation and apoptosis in human NP. CoCl2 was then used to induce hypoxia in cultured primary rat NP cells. Annexin V staining indicated that exogenous NaHS attenuated hypoxia induced apoptosis in rat NP cells. Furthermore, hypoxia significantly increased the levels of multiple apoptosis associated proteins (Fas, Cytochromes C, Caspase 9 and cleaved-Caspase-3) in cells, which were eliminated by NaHS. Our study demonstrates the presence of endogenous H2S in human intervertebral disc; and the endogenous H2S generation rate is associated with NP apoptosis in herniated disc. In vitro study showes exogenous H2S donor attenuates hypoxia induced apoptosis in primary rat NP cells. Thus, our work provides insights that H2S may have beneficial effects in treating degenerative disc diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Qi
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwen Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunde Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Chen S, Fu P, Wu H, Pei M. Meniscus, articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus: a comparative review of cartilage-like tissues in anatomy, development and function. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 370:53-70. [PMID: 28413859 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of cartilage in the human body is impacted by aging, disease, genetic predisposition and continued insults resulting from daily activity. The burden of cartilage defects (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, intervertebral disc damage, knee replacement surgeries, etc.) is daunting in light of substantial economic and social stresses. This review strives to broaden the scope of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches used for cartilage repair by comparing and contrasting the anatomical and functional nature of the meniscus, articular cartilage (AC) and nucleus pulposus (NP). Many review papers have provided detailed evaluations of these cartilages and cartilage-like tissues individually but none have comprehensively examined the parallels and inconsistencies in signaling, genetic expression and extracellular matrix composition between tissues. For the first time, this review outlines the importance of understanding these three tissues as unique entities, providing a comparative analysis of anatomy, ultrastructure, biochemistry and function for each tissue. This novel approach highlights the similarities and differences between tissues, progressing research toward an understanding of what defines each tissue as distinctive. The goal of this paper is to provide researchers with the fundamental knowledge to correctly engineer the meniscus, AC and NP without inadvertently developing the wrong tissue function or biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiliang Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
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11
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Li J, Pei M. A Protocol to Prepare Decellularized Stem Cell Matrix for Rejuvenation of Cell Expansion and Cartilage Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1577:147-154. [PMID: 28451995 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Traditional ex vivo expansion of adult stem cells yields an insufficient quantity of less potent cells. Here we describe the fabrication of decellularized matrix deposited by synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs). This matrix could serve as a three-dimensional expansion system to rejuvenate cells for proliferation and tissue-specific differentiation potential, which could benefit cartilage regeneration. The decellularized stem cell matrix (DSCM) might be a powerful system for tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Exercise Physiology, and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
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12
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Pei M. Environmental preconditioning rejuvenates adult stem cells' proliferation and chondrogenic potential. Biomaterials 2016; 117:10-23. [PMID: 27923196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are a promising cell source for cartilage regeneration. Unfortunately, due to donor age and ex vivo expansion, stem cell senescence becomes a huge hurdle for these cells to be used clinically. Increasing evidence indicates that environmental preconditioning is a powerful approach in promoting stem cells' ability to resist a harsh environment post-engraftment, such as hypoxia and inflammation. However, few reports organize and evaluate the literature regarding the rejuvenation effect of environmental preconditioning on stem cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation capacity, which are important variables for stem cell based tissue regeneration. This report aims to identify several critical environmental factors such as oxygen concentration, growth factors, and extracellular matrix and to discuss their preconditioning influence on stem cells' rejuvenation including proliferation and chondrogenic potential as well as underlying molecular mechanisms. We believe that environmental preconditioning based rejuvenation is a simpler and safer strategy to program pre-engraftment stem cells for better survival and enhanced proliferation and differentiation capacity without the undesired effects of some treatments, such as genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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13
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Liu X, Zhou L, Chen X, Liu T, Pan G, Cui W, Li M, Luo ZP, Pei M, Yang H, Gong Y, He F. Culturing on decellularized extracellular matrix enhances antioxidant properties of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:437-48. [PMID: 26838870 PMCID: PMC9805354 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have attracted great interest in clinical application because of their regenerative potential and their lack of ethical issues. Our previous studies showed that decellularized cell-deposited extracellular matrix (ECM) provided an in vivo-mimicking microenvironment for MSCs and facilitated in vitro cell expansion. This study was conducted to analyze the cellular response of UC-MSCs when culturing on the ECM, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular antioxidative enzymes, and the resistance to exogenous oxidative stress. After decellularization, the architecture of cell-deposited ECM was characterized as nanofibrous, collagen fibrils and the matrix components were identified as type I and III collagens, fibronectin, and laminin. Compared to tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) plates, culturing on ECM yielded a 2-fold increase of UC-MSC proliferation and improved the percentage of cells in the S phase by 2.4-fold. The levels of intracellular ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in ECM-cultured cells were reduced by 41.7% and 82.9%, respectively. More importantly, ECM-cultured UC-MSCs showed enhanced expression and activity of intracellular antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, up-regulated expression of silent information regulator type 1, and suppressed phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, a continuous treatment with exogenous 100μM H2O2 dramatically inhibited osteogenic differentiation of UC-MSCs cultured on TCPS, but culturing on ECM retained the differentiation capacity for matrix mineralization and osteoblast-specific marker gene expression. Collectively, by providing sufficient cell amounts and enhancing antioxidant capacity, decellularized ECM can be a promising cell culture platform for in vitro expansion of UC-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Long Zhou
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Mao Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zong-Ping Luo
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Huilin Yang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yihong Gong
- School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China,Corresponding Authors: Yihong Gong, Ph.D., School of Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, No.132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China. Telephone: +86-20-39332146; Fax: +86-20-39332146;
| | - Fan He
- Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China,Department of Orthopeadics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China,Fan He, Ph.D., Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, No.708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu, China. Telephone: +86-512-67781420; Fax: +86-512-67781165;
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Li J, He F, Pei M. Chondrogenic priming of human fetal synovium-derived stem cells in an adult stem cell matrix microenvironment. Genes Dis 2015; 2:337-346. [PMID: 30258873 PMCID: PMC6147170 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects are a challenge to treat clinically due to the avascular nature of cartilage. Low immunogenicity and extensive proliferation and multidifferentiation potential make fetal stem cells a promising source for regenerative medicine. In this study, we aimed to determine whether fetal synovium-derived stem cells (FSDSCs) exhibited replicative senescence and whether expansion on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) deposited by adult SDSCs (AECM) promoted FSDSCs' chondrogenic potential. FSDSCs from passage 2 and 9 were compared for chondrogenic potential, using Alcian blue staining for sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), biochemical analysis for DNA and GAG amounts, and real-time PCR for chondrogenic genes including ACAN and COL2A1. Passage 3 FSDSCs were expanded for one passage on plastic flasks (PL), AECM, or dECM deposited by fetal SDSCs (FECM). During expansion, cell proliferation was evaluated using flow cytometry for proliferation index, stem cell surface markers, and resistance to hydrogen peroxide. During chondrogenic induction, expanded FSDSCs were evaluated for tri-lineage differentiation capacity. We found that cell expansion enhanced FSDSCs' chondrogenic potential at least up to passage 9. Expansion on dECMs promoted FSDSCs' proliferative and survival capacity and adipogenic differentiation but not osteogenic capacity. AECM-primed FSDSCs exhibited an enhanced chondrogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Fan He
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Orthopaedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.,Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Li J, Davis ME, Pei M. Delineation of in vitro chondrogenesis of human synovial stem cells following preconditioning using decellularized matrix. Acta Biomater 2015; 20:39-50. [PMID: 25861949 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As a tissue-specific stem cell for chondrogenesis, synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) are a promising cell source for cartilage repair. However, a small biopsy can only provide a limited number of cells. Cell senescence from both in vitro expansion and donor age presents a big challenge for stem cell based cartilage regeneration. Here we found that expansion on decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) full of three-dimensional nanostructured fibers provided SDSCs with unique surface profiles, low elasticity but large volume as well as a fibroblast-like shape. dECM expanded SDSCs yielded larger pellets with intensive staining of type II collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans compared to those grown on plastic flasks while SDSCs grown in ECM yielded 28-day pellets with minimal matrix as evidenced by pellet size and chondrogenic marker staining, which was confirmed by both biochemical data and real-time PCR data. Our results also found lower levels of inflammatory genes in dECM expanded SDSCs that might be responsible for enhanced chondrogenic differentiation. Despite an increase in type X collagen in chondrogenically induced cells, dECM expanded cells had significantly lower potential for endochondral bone formation. Wnt and MAPK signals were actively involved in both expansion and chondrogenic induction of dECM expanded cells. Since young and healthy people can be potential donors for this matrix expansion system and decellularization can minimize immune concerns, human SDSCs expanded on this future commercially available dECM could be a potential cell source for autologous cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Mary E Davis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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16
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Jing W, Jiang W. MicroRNA-93 regulates collagen loss by targeting MMP3 in human nucleus pulposus cells. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:284-92. [PMID: 25818544 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Degenerated disc disease is one of the most common medical conditions in patients suffering from low back pain. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs can regulate cell function in many pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate expression and role of miR-93 in disc degeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR was employed to investigate level of miR-93 in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues. Then, functional analysis of miR-93 in regulating collagen II expression was performed. Subsequently, western blotting and luciferase reporter assay were used to detect the target gene. RESULTS We showed that miR-93 was significantly down-regulated in degenerative NP tissues and its levels were associated with grade of disc degeneration. Overexpression of miR-93 stimulated type II collagen expression in NP cells. Moreover, MMP3 was identified as a putative target of miR-93. MiR-93 inhibited MMP3 expression by directly targeting its 3'UTR, and this was abolished by miR-93 binding site mutations. Additionally, restoration of MMP3 in miR-93-overexpressed NP cells reversed effects of type II collagen expression. Expression of MMP3 inversely correlated with miR-93 expression in degenerative NP tissues. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, we demonstrated that miR-93 contributed to abnormal NP cell type II collagen expression by targeting MMP3, involved in intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
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17
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He F, Liu X, Xiong K, Chen S, Zhou L, Cui W, Pan G, Luo ZP, Pei M, Gong Y. Extracellular matrix modulates the biological effects of melatonin in mesenchymal stem cells. J Endocrinol 2014; 223:167-80. [PMID: 25210047 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Both self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are triggered by their in vivo microenvironment including the extracellular matrix (ECM) and secreted hormones. The ECM may modulate the physiological functions of hormones by providing binding sites and by regulating downstream signaling pathways. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of adsorption of melatonin to a natural cell-deposited ECM and the effects of this interaction on the biological functions of melatonin in human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). The fibrillar microstructure, matrix composition, and melatonin-binding affinity of decellularized ECM were characterized. The cell-deposited ECM improved melatonin-mediated cell proliferation by 31.4%, attenuated accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) mRNA and protein expression. Interaction with ECM significantly enhanced the osteogenic effects of melatonin on BM-MSCs by increasing calcium deposition by 30.5%, up-regulating osteoblast-specific gene expression and down-regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. The underlying mechanisms of these changes in expression may involve intracellular antioxidant enzymes, because osteoblast-specific genes were down-regulated, whereas MMP expression was up-regulated, in the presence of SOD-specific inhibitors. Collectively, our findings indicate the importance of native ECM in modulating the osteoinductive and antioxidant effects of melatonin and provide a novel platform for studying the biological actions of growth factors or hormones in a physiologically relevant microenvironment. Moreover, a better understanding of the enhancement of MSC growth and osteogenic differentiation resulting from the combination of ECM and melatonin could improve the design of graft substitutes for skeletal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Ke Xiong
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Sijin Chen
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Long Zhou
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Wenguo Cui
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Guoqing Pan
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Zong-Ping Luo
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Ming Pei
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | - Yihong Gong
- School of EngineeringSun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, ChinaOrthopaedic InstituteSoochow University, No. 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, ChinaDepartment of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, ChinaNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, ChinaStem Cell and Tissue Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
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Zhang Y, Pizzute T, Pei M. Anti-inflammatory strategies in cartilage repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:655-68. [PMID: 24846478 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage defects are normally concomitant with posttraumatic inflammation and pose a major challenge in cartilage repair. Due to the avascular nature of cartilage and its inability to surmount an inflammatory response, the cartilage is easily attacked by proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress; if left untreated, osteoarthritis may develop. Suppression of inflammation has always been a crux for cartilage repair. Pharmacological drugs have been successfully applied in cartilage repair; however, they cannot optimally work alone. This review article will summarize current pharmacological drugs and their application in cartilage repair. The development of extracellular matrix-based scaffolds and preconditioned tissue-specific stem cells will be emphasized because both of these tissue engineering components could contribute to an enhanced ability not only for cartilage regeneration but also for anti-inflammation. These strategies could be combined to boost cartilage repair under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
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19
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Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-based Strategies for Cartilage Repair and Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 10:686-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Li J, Ohliger J, Pei M. Significance of epigenetic landscape in cartilage regeneration from the cartilage development and pathology perspective. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1178-94. [PMID: 24555773 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapies for cartilage defects have been greatly advanced by progress in both the stem cell biology and tissue engineering fields. Despite notable successes, significant barriers remain including shortage of autologous cell sources and generation of a stable chondrocyte phenotype using progenitor cells. Increasing demands for the treatment of degenerative diseases, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, highlight the importance of epigenetic remodeling in cartilage regeneration. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, such as microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifications, have been intensively studied due to their direct regulatory role on gene expression. However, a thorough understanding of the environmental factors that initiate these epigenetic events may provide greater insight into the prevention of degenerative diseases and improve the efficacy of treatments. In other words, if we could identify a specific factor from the environment and its downstream signaling events, then we could stop or retard degradation and enhance cartilage regeneration. A more operational definition of epigenetic remodeling has recently been proposed by categorizing the signals during the epigenetic process into epigenators, initiators, and maintainers. This review seeks to compile and reorganize the existing literature pertaining to epigenetic remodeling events placing emphasis on perceiving the landscape of epigenetic mechanisms during cartilage regeneration with the new operational definition, especially from the environmental factors' point of view. Progress in understanding epigenetic regulatory mechanisms could benefit cartilage regeneration and engineering on a larger scale and provide more promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
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21
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Werner BC, Li X, Shen FH. Stem cells in preclinical spine studies. Spine J 2014; 14:542-51. [PMID: 24246748 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT The recent identification and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells have introduced a shift in the research focus for future technologies in spinal surgery to achieve spinal fusion and treat degenerative disc disease. Current and past techniques use allograft to replace diseased tissue or rely on host responses to recruit necessary cellular progenitors. Adult stem cells display long-term proliferation, efficient self-renewal, and multipotent differentiation. PURPOSE This review will focus on two important applications of stem cells in spinal surgery: spine fusion and the management of degenerative disc disease. STUDY DESIGN Review of the literature. METHODS Relevant preclinical literature regarding stem cell sources, growth factors, scaffolds, and animal models for both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis will be reviewed, with an emphasis on those studies that focus on spine applications of these technologies. RESULTS In both osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, adult stem cells derived from bone marrow or adipose show promise in preclinical studies. Various growth factors and scaffolds have also been shown to enhance the properties and eventual clinical potential of these cells. Although its utility in clinical applications has yet to be proven, gene therapy has also been shown to hold promise in preclinical studies. CONCLUSIONS The future of spine surgery is constantly evolving, and the recent advancements in stem cell-based technologies for both spine fusion and the treatment of degenerative disc disease is promising and indicative that stem cells will undoubtedly play a major role clinically. It is likely that these stem cells, growth factors, and scaffolds will play a critical role in the future for replacing diseased tissue in disease processes such as degenerative disc disease and in enhancing host tissue to achieve more reliable spine fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Werner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0159 USA
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0159 USA
| | - Francis H Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, PO Box 800159, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0159 USA.
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22
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Li J, Hansen KC, Zhang Y, Dong C, Dinu CZ, Dzieciatkowska M, Pei M. Rejuvenation of chondrogenic potential in a young stem cell microenvironment. Biomaterials 2013; 35:642-53. [PMID: 24148243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Autologous cells suffer from limited cell number and senescence during ex vivo expansion for cartilage repair. Here we found that expansion on extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by fetal synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) (FE) was superior to ECM deposited by adult SDSCs (AE) in promoting cell proliferation and chondrogenic potential. Unique proteins in FE might be responsible for the rejuvenation effect of FE while advantageous proteins in AE might contribute to differentiation more than to proliferation. Compared to AE, the lower elasticity of FE yielded expanded adult SDSCs with lower elasticity which could be responsible for the enhancement of chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. MAPK and noncanonical Wnt signals were actively involved in ECM-mediated adult SDSC rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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23
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Maerz T, Herkowitz H, Baker K. Molecular and genetic advances in the regeneration of the intervertebral disc. Surg Neurol Int 2013; 4:S94-S105. [PMID: 23646279 PMCID: PMC3642750 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.109449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Owing to the debilitating nature of degenerative disc disease (DDD) and other spine pathologies, significant research has been performed with the goal of healing or regenerating the intervertebral disc (IVD). Structural complexity, coupled with low vascularity and cellularity, make IVD regeneration an extremely challenging task. Methods: Tissue engineering-based strategies utilize three components to enhance tissue regeneration; scaffold materials to guide cell growth, biomolecules to enhance cell migration and differentiation, and cells (autologous, or allogeneic) to initiate the process of tissue formation. Significant advances in IVD regeneration have been made utilizing these tissue engineering strategies. Results: The current literature demonstrates that members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily are efficacious in the regeneration of an anabolic response in the IVD and to facilitate chondrogenic differentiation. Gene therapy, though thwarted by safety concerns and the risk of ectopic transfection, has significant potential for a targeted and sustained regenerative response. Stem cells in combination with injectable, biocompatible, and biodegradable scaffolds in the form of hydrogels can differentiate into de novo IVD tissue and facilitate regeneration of the existing matrix. Therapies that address both anabolism and the inherent catabolic state of the IVD using either direct inhibitors or broad-spectrum inhibitors show extensive promise. Conclusion: This review article summarizes the genetic and molecular advances that promise to play an integral role in the development of new strategies to combat DDD and promote healing of injured discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Beaumont Health System, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Shoukry M, Li J, Pei M. Reconstruction of an in vitro niche for the transition from intervertebral disc development to nucleus pulposus regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:1162-76. [PMID: 23259403 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleus pulposus (NP) plays a prominent role in both the onset and progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. While autologous repair strategies have demonstrated some success, their in vitro culture system is outdated and insufficient for maintaining optimally functioning cells through the required extensive passaging. Consequently, the final population of cells may be unsuitable for the overwhelming task of repairing tissue in vivo and could result in subpar clinical outcomes. Recent work has identified synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) as a potentially important new candidate. This population of precursors can promote matrix regeneration and additionally restore the balance of catabolic and anabolic metabolism of surrounding cells. Another promising application is their ability to produce an extracellular matrix in vitro that can be modified via decellularization to produce a tissue-specific substrate for efficient cell expansion, while retaining chondrogenic potential. When combined with hypoxia, soluble factors, and other environmental regulators, the resultant complex microenvironment will more closely resemble the in vivo niche, which further improves the cell capacity, even after extensive passaging. In this review, the adaptive mechanisms NP cells utilize in vivo are considered for insight into what factors are important for constructing a tissue-specific in vitro niche. Evidence for the use of SDSCs for NP regeneration is also discussed. Many aspects of NP behavior are still unknown, which could lead to future work yielding key information on producing sufficient numbers of a high-quality NP-specific population that is able to regenerate deteriorated NP in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shoukry
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9196, USA
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25
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Modulation of in vitro microenvironment facilitates synovium-derived stem cell-based nucleus pulposus tissue regeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012; 37:1538-47. [PMID: 22391443 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e31825150bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Two experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of 3 kinds of decellularized extracellular matrices (DECMs) deposited by synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) and/or nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) on SDSC expansion and NP lineage differentiation. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of DECM deposited by SDSCs on NPC expansion and redifferentiation capacity. In both experiments, hypoxia was evaluated in DECM preparation and pellet culture. OBJECTIVE Modulating the in vitro microenvironment facilitates SDSC-based NP tissue regeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Autologous cell therapy is a promising approach for NP regeneration. Current in vitro expansion in monolayer results in cell dedifferentiation. METHODS In Experiment 1, passage 3 SDSCs were expanded for 1 passage on DECM deposited by NPCs, SDSCs, or NPCs combined with SDSCs (50:50); DECM was prepared under either normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (5% O2). Expanded SDSCs were then cultured in a serum-free chondrogenic medium in hypoxia for 14 days. In Experiment 2, passage 2 NPCs were expanded for 1 passage on DECM deposited by SDSCs; DECM was prepared under either normoxia or hypoxia. Expanded NPCs were cultured in a serum-free chondrogenic medium under either hypoxia or normoxia for 14 days. Cell expansion on plastic flasks served as a control in both experiments. Fourteen-day pellets were evaluated for chondrogenesis using histology, immunostaining, biochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS DECM deposited by NPCs combined with SDSCs effectively enhanced expanded SDSC viability and guided SDSC differentiation toward an NP lineage; this effect is comparable with DECM deposited by SDSCs but higher than that deposited by NPCs. DECM prepared under normoxia favored SDSC viability and NP lineage differentiation whereas DECM prepared under hypoxia benefited NPC viability and redifferentiation. Low oxygen in a pellet culture system enhanced NPC viability and redifferentiation. CONCLUSION The in vitro microenvironment can be modulated by low oxygen and tissue-specific cell-based DECM to facilitate NP tissue regeneration.
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Li J, Pei M. Cell Senescence: A Challenge in Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:270-87. [PMID: 22273114 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Jones BA, Pei M. Synovium-Derived Stem Cells: A Tissue-Specific Stem Cell for Cartilage Engineering and Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 18:301-11. [PMID: 22429320 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan A. Jones
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
- Division of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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