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Turna A, Stringer I, Jemec B, Anadkat M, Arize C, Nikkhah D. Non-operative management of metacarpal II-IV fractures: A retrospective study from a tertiary hand unit. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 97:174-181. [PMID: 39154530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Metacarpal fractures produce significant hand disability, and non-operative management of these fractures can produce satisfactory functional outcomes with few complications. However, most studies assessing non-operative outcomes of metacarpal fractures revolves around metacarpals I and V, which possess different anatomy. Therefore, further investigation into outcomes after non-operative treatment of metacarpals II-IV is required to inform management decisions and allow modification of the rehabilitation protocols to specific fracture patterns. All records for 76 non-operative patients presenting with fractures of metacarpals II-IV to our tertiary centre in the year 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were treated with thermoplastic splinting or fibreglass casting with a rehabilitative exercise programme. Range of motion (ROM) of the Metacarpophalangeal (MCPJ), Proximal Interphalangeal (PIPJ), and Distal Interphalangeal joints (DIPJ), return to work time, and complications were assessed at 12 weeks post-treatment. Mean return to work time was 5.4 weeks, and patients did not report any serious adverse events; the main complication reported was tenderness on palpation (20%). The MCPJ exhibited the poorest ROM (9° flexion reduction relative to the healthy hand). Metacarpal II fractures were associated with significantly worse MCPJ flexion than metacarpal III (p = 0.022) and metacarpal IV (p = 0.049) fractures. Fractures of the metacarpal base were associated with superior MCPJ flexion (p = 0.004) but longer return to work time (p = 0.042) than head fractures. Spiral fractures were associated with shorter return to work time (p = 0.043) and superior ROM results (p = 0.041). In conclusion, outcomes of the non-operative treatment of metacarpal II-IV fractures are highly dependent on the location and pattern of the fracture, and this should be considered during clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Turna
- University College London Medical School, 74 Huntley St, London WC1E 6DE, United Kingdom.
| | - Immy Stringer
- University College London Medical School, 74 Huntley St, London WC1E 6DE, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Jemec
- Toronto Western Hospital Hand Clinic, 399 Bathurst St., East Wing, 2nd Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Meera Anadkat
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Therapy Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Chinedum Arize
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Therapy Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Dariush Nikkhah
- University College London Medical School, 74 Huntley St, London WC1E 6DE, United Kingdom; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Therapy Unit, Royal Free Hospital, Pond St, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
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Siriwittayakorn W, Adulkasem N, Sangthongsil P, Pitiguagool W, Atthakorn W, Watatham K, Siritattamrong W. Single Buried Intramedullary K-Wire Fixation in Nonthumb Metacarpal Shaft Fractures with Immediate Postoperative Mobilization without Any Immobilization. Adv Orthop 2023; 2023:1439011. [PMID: 37877095 PMCID: PMC10593546 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1439011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of single intramedullary K-wire fixation in nonthumb, metacarpal shaft fractures with immediate postoperative hand mobilization without any immobilization. Method This is a retrospective case series conducted from January 2019 to December 2022. We included patients with closed, simple transverse, or short oblique metacarpal shaft fracture treated with single, 1.4 mm, intramedullary K-wire fixation. Gentle postoperative range of motion exercise was encouraged in every patient without any hand, finger, or wrist motion restriction material. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with total active flexion; grip strength; disability of arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score; and the American Society for Surgery of the Hand Total Active Flexion (ASSH TAF) score. Results This study included 34 patients, 25 males and 9 females with a mean age of 33.14 years (ranging 18-59). A total of 43 metacarpal shafts were treated. The mean DASH score at two and 6 weeks postoperative was 41.5 (ranging 19.16-60.34) and 9.58 (ranging 0.83-23.27). The mean final DASH score at last follow-up was 3.48 (ranging 0-8.33). Mean TAF at 2 weeks postoperative, 6 weeks postoperative, and at final follow-up was 203.8 (ranging 185-240), 238.2 (ranging 220-270), and 259.25 (ranging 240-270) degrees, respectively. The mean grip strength of the injured hand was 66.14 and 86.1% of the uninjured hand at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperative. There was no nonunion, malrotation, or infection. In conclusion, single intramedullary K-wire fixation gives excellent outcomes in the treatment of single or multiple, simple, metacarpal shaft fractures without the need of postoperative immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nath Adulkasem
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Kraisong Watatham
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Rosifini Alves Rezende LG. Anterograde Intramedullary Headless Compression Screw for Managing Extra-articular Thumb Metacarpal Base Fracture: Technique and Report. Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg 2023; 27:17-21. [PMID: 35916037 DOI: 10.1097/bth.0000000000000403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extra-articular base fractures of the thumb are typical in hand surgeon practice. Nonoperative methods (spica) and operative methods are available for its management. There are operative methods described, such as plate and screws, Kirschner wires, and intramedullary screws. However, there is only a retrograde technique described. This study aims to present a new technique of an anterograde intramedullary headless compression screw to manage the extra-articular thumb metacarpal base fracture. This minimally invasive method allows an early range of motion and does not cross the articular surface of the thumb. This alternative fixation method has the advantage of low damage to soft tissues and good functional outcomes.
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Cha SM, Kang JW, Shin HD, Lee SH, Lee CW. Antegrade intramedullary nailing in comminuted, open metacarpal bone fracture: maintenance of the length. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2021; 141:1815-1823. [PMID: 34009464 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-021-03960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiological and clinical outcomes of treatment of comminuted open fractures of the metacarpal bone (MCB) with associated injuries to soft tissues, tendons, and neurovascular structures using antegrade intramedullary nailing (AIN) at least 2 years postoperatively. METHODS Between January 2008 and December 2017, a total of 27 patients who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were included in this study. The inclusion criterion was open and comminuted fracture (with/without segmental bone defects). We evaluated simple radiograph and computed tomography (CT) findings and clinical conditions (visual analog scale [VAS] pain score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand [DASH] score), including active range of motion (ROM) at metacarpophalangeal joint (MP) and grip strength at final follow-up. RESULTS The mean preoperative angulation was 29.63° ± 7.59° and the mean shortening was 9.30 ± 2.38 mm. Union was achieved at mean 12.3 weeks postoperatively, without any complications due to operative treatment. The dorsal angulation measured on the CT scans, shortening on simple radiographs was significantly improved (10.26 °± 3.19°, 0.52 ± 1.05 mm, respectively). The final VAS and DASH scores were 0.41 ± 0.64 and 3.6 ± 2.47, respectively, indicating satisfactory outcomes. The final ROM was 85.0° ± 3.67°. The mean final grip strength was 89.56 ± 5.69% relative to the normal side. A mean extension lag at the MP joint of 12° was noted in three patients; however, it was resolved by additional tenolysis. CONCLUSIONS AIN is a simple method for fixation of open comminuted metacarpal fractures accompanied by soft tissue injury. The simplicity of the method is beneficial for repairing associated injured structures and healing soft tissue. Minimized additional damage around the MCB during surgery and good stability resulted in satisfactory bony union with minimal angulation, shortening, and rotation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, Retrospective case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Cha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Regional Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyun Dae Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Regional Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Seung Hoo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Regional Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Cheol Won Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Regional Rheumatoid and Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munwha-ro, Jung-Gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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Gu S, Zhou L, Huang Y, Xie R. The curative effect analysis of a modified Kirschner wires and locking plate internal fixation method for the fifth metacarpal neck fracture. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:491. [PMID: 34384465 PMCID: PMC8359124 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of a modified internal fixation method for the treatment of fifth metacarpal neck fracture. METHODS From March 2018 to December 2019, 12 patients with the fifth metacarpal neck fractures of the hands were treated with the Kirschner wires and locking plate internal fixation method. Each patient's gender, age, dominant hand, injured hand, trauma mechanism, preoperative and postoperative deformity (angulation and the length of the fifth metacarpal), the range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint and grip strength of each side, the time of return to work, and follow-up time were recorded and calculated. RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 16.8 months, and the angulations of preoperative and postoperative deformity were 40.0 ± 3.7°and 17.6 ± 1.7°, respectively. The length of the fifth metacarpals of preoperative and postoperative deformity were 51.5 ± 2.1 mm and 60.0 ± 1.8 mm, respectively. At the last follow-up, the range of motion of the fifth metacarpophalangeal joint of the injured side and the contralateral side were 84.3 ± 3.6°and 86.5 ± 2.0°, and the grip strength of the injured side and the contralateral side were 74.8 ± 6.1 LB and 78.6 ± 8.3 LB, respectively, without statistically significant differences. QDASH score was 2.0 ± 1.0, and the time of return to work was 6.0 ± 0.7 weeks. CONCLUSION The modified internal fixation method is one of the alternative treatments for the fifth metacarpal neck fracture with good curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gu
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjun Huang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Renguo Xie
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, NO.650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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A Single Intramedullary K-Wire Is Sufficient for the Management of Nonthumb Metacarpal Shaft Fractures. Adv Orthop 2021; 2021:9963186. [PMID: 34055414 PMCID: PMC8112946 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9963186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the outcome after the internal fixation of diaphyseal metacarpal fractures by a single intramedullary K-wire. Methods In this prospective case series study, conducted from July 2017 to June 2019 in 23 adult patients with a single, unstable, diaphyseal metacarpal fracture, outcomes after internal surgical fixation using a single antegrade intramedullary K-wire were evaluated. The outcomes were evaluated by union rate, time to union, handgrip measurements at 6 and 12 months, and the modified Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score at 12 months. Results The study population consisted of 17 males and 6 females, with a mean patient age of 28.4 ± 8.5 years (range, 16–45 years). The median time to final follow-up was 14 ± 1.8 months (range: 12–24 months). The mean duration of the union was 7.3 ± 1.6 weeks (range: 5–11 weeks), with a union rate of 95.7% (22 cases). The mean handgrip strength was 68% ± 12.8% of the strength of the uninjured hand after 6 months and 92.7% ± 6.9% after 12 months. The mean modified DASH score was 2.6 ± 0.26 after 12 months (range: 0–5.8). There were no cases of malrotation or infection. In conclusion, using a single 1.8–2.0 mm K-wire gives excellent functional outcomes and union rate without significant complications when used to treat an unstable metacarpal shaft fracture.
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Marazzi F, Masiello V, Marchesano D, Boldrini L, Luzi S, Ferrara PE, Amabile E, Piccari D, Landi F, Moschella F, Franceschini G, Masetti R, Mantini G, Valentini V, Smaniotto D. Shoulder girdle impairment in breast cancer survivors: the role of range of motion as predictive factor for dose distribution and clinical outcome. TUMORI JOURNAL 2019; 105:319-330. [DOI: 10.1177/0300891619839287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:Pain and functional impairment of the ipsilateral shoulder girdle in patients who underwent surgery and radiotherapy for breast cancer (BC) is a late complication reported in the literature. We analyze a correlation with dosimetric parameters and propose an algorithm for sparing strategies.Methods:A total of 111 patients treated for BC were included in this observational analysis during follow-up protocol visits. Exclusion criteria were the presence of moderate or severe arthrosis history and/or rheumatologic diseases. All the patients had complete physical and multidimensional examinations during joint (physiatrist and radiotherapy oncology) follow-up visits. A scapula–humeral articulation (SHA) standardized contouring was performed retrospectively on Eclipse® treatment plans. A possible correlation between patients’ characteristics, radiotherapy, and dosimetry analysis and functional impairment was investigated at statistical analysis. Results of analysis were summarized into a proposal of algorithm for sparing SHA.Results:A total of 111 patients were selected during follow-up visits. Mean age of patients was 60 years (range 41–85 years). A total of 103 patients (93%) underwent conservative surgery, with 110 patients (99%) undergoing axilla surgery as well. Fifty-two patients (46.8%) presented a reduction of range of motion (ROM) abduction on the treated side at the observational analysis. Mean ROM abduction reduction was 13°06’ (range 0°–100°). Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) score results were excellent in 79 patients (71.2%), discrete in 15 patients (13.5%), good in 15 patients (13.5%), and sufficient in 2 patients (1.8%). Median EQD2Dmaxat SHA was 18 Gy (range 0.22–51.9 Gy) and median EQD2mean dose at SHA was 2 Gy (range 0.04–24.32 Gy). Univariate analysis showed a linear correlation between DASH score and ROM of abduction of treated side (ρ=−0.7), ROM of abduction and ROM of flexion in ipsilateral arm (ρ=0.8), or ROM of abduction and ROM of flexion in contralateral arm (ρ=0.8). A statistically significant difference in ROM abduction between the 2 arms was found at χ2test ( P<0.05 at χ2confidence interval = 95%). Cox linear regression analysis showed ROM abduction on treated arm as a predictive factor of DASH score ( P<0.0001). Age ( P<0.05), DASH score ( P=0.006), and ROM abduction on treated arm ( P=0.005) were found as independent predictive factors of mean dose at multivariate analysis. A mean dose higher than 7 Gy and ROM abduction reduction more than 30° were related to DASH score level reduction.Conclusions:This hypothesis-generating study introduces an algorithm to be validated for management of sparing SHA and improving quality of survivorship. ROM evaluation after surgery, early physiotherapy, standard contouring, and planning adaptation represent possible indications to preserve shoulder impairment. Further prospective studies are needed to discriminate impairment of surgery and radiotherapy in order to personalized therapeutic plan programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marazzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Valeria Masiello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Domenico Marchesano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Luca Boldrini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Stefano Luzi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Roma, Italia
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Radiologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Paola E. Ferrara
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Riabilitazione e Medicina Fisica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, Roma, Italia
| | - Eugenia Amabile
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Riabilitazione e Medicina Fisica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, Roma, Italia
| | - Danila Piccari
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Francesco Landi
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Radiologia, Roma, Italia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Riabilitazione e Medicina Fisica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, Roma, Italia
| | - Francesca Moschella
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Chirurgia Senologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Roma, Italia
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Radiologia, Roma, Italia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Chirurgia Senologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Roma, Italia
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Radiologia, Roma, Italia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Chirurgia Senologica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Roma, Italia
| | - Giovanna Mantini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Roma, Italia
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Radiologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Roma, Italia
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Radiologia, Roma, Italia
| | - Daniela Smaniotto
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Roma, Italia
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Istituto di Radiologia, Roma, Italia
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