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Current status and future perspectives in targeted therapy of NPM1-mutated AML. Leukemia 2022; 36:2351-2367. [PMID: 36008542 PMCID: PMC9522592 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) is a nucleus-cytoplasmic shuttling protein which is predominantly located in the nucleolus and exerts multiple functions, including regulation of centrosome duplication, ribosome biogenesis and export, histone assembly, maintenance of genomic stability and response to nucleolar stress. NPM1 mutations are the most common genetic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), detected in about 30–35% of adult AML and more than 50% of AML with normal karyotype. Because of its peculiar molecular and clinico-pathological features, including aberrant cytoplasmic dislocation of the NPM1 mutant and wild-type proteins, lack of involvement in driving clonal hematopoiesis, mutual exclusion with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, association with unique gene expression and micro-RNA profiles and high stability at relapse, NPM1-mutated AML is regarded as a distinct genetic entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematopoietic malignancies. Starting from the structure and functions of NPM1, we provide an overview of the potential targeted therapies against NPM1-mutated AML and discuss strategies aimed at interfering with the oligomerization (compound NSC348884) and the abnormal traffic of NPM1 (avrainvillamide, XPO1 inhibitors) as well as at inducing selective NPM1-mutant protein degradation (ATRA/ATO, deguelin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, imidazoquinoxaline derivatives) and at targeting the integrity of nucleolar structure (actinomycin D). We also discuss the current therapeutic results obtained in NPM1-mutated AML with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax and the preliminary clinical results using menin inhibitors targeting HOX/MEIS1 expression. Finally, we review various immunotherapeutic approaches in NPM1-mutated AML, including immune check-point inhibitors, CAR and TCR T-cell-based therapies against neoantigens created by the NPM1 mutations.
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2
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Shi Y, Xue Y, Wang C, Yu L. Nucleophosmin 1: from its pathogenic role to a tantalizing therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Hematology 2022; 27:609-619. [PMID: 35621728 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2067939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1, also known as B23) is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of cellular processes, including ribosomal maturation, centrosome replication, maintenance of genomic stability, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. NPM1 is the most commonly mutated gene in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is present in approximately 40% of all AML cases. The underlying mechanisms of mutant NPM1 (NPM1mut) in leukemogenesis remain unclear. This review summarizes the structure and physiological function of NPM1, mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NPM1-mutated AML, and the potential role of NPM1 as a therapeutic target. It is reported that dysfunctional NPM1 might cause AML pathogenesis via its role as a protein chaperone, inhibiting differentiation of leukemia stem cells and regulation of non-coding RNAs. Besides conventional chemotherapies, NPM1 is a promising therapeutic target against AML that warrants further investigation. NPM1-based therapeutic strategies include inducing nucleolar relocalisation of NPM1 mutants, interfering with NPM1 oligomerization, and NPM1 as an immune response target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Shi
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Huaian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Xue
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Huaian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, The Huaian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Lin ZY, Yun QZ, Wu L, Zhang TW, Yao TZ. Pharmacological basis and new insights of deguelin concerning its anticancer effects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105935. [PMID: 34644595 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deguelin is a rotenoid of the flavonoid family, which can be extracted from Lonchocarpus, Derris, or Tephrosia. It possesses the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis through regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, repression of Bmi1, targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), targeting galectin-1, promotion of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/FBW7-mediated Mcl-1 destabilization and targeting mitochondria via down-regulating Hexokinases II-mediated glycolysis, PUMA-mediation, which are some crucial molecules which modulate closely cancer cell growth and metastasis. Deguelin inhibits tumor cell propagation and malignant transformation through targeting angiogenesis, targeting lymphangiogenesis, targeting focal adhesion kinase (FAK), inhibiting the CtsZ/FAK signaling pathway, targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the NF-κB signaling pathway, regulating NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2). In addition, deguelin possesses other biological activities, such as targeting cell cycle arrest, modulation of autophagy, inhibition of hedgehog pathway, inducing differentiation of mutated NPM1 acute myeloid leukemia etc. Therefore, deguelin is a promising chemopreventive agent for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Yue Lin
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qu Zhen Yun
- Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liu Wu
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Wen Zhang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China; Pathophysiology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tang Ze Yao
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, PR China.
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4
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Amrollahi-Nia R, Akbari V, Shafiee F. DFF40-iRGD, a novel chimeric protein with efficient cytotoxic and apoptotic effects against triple-negative breast cancer cells. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1967-1976. [PMID: 34482510 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE DNA fragmenting factor (DFF40), an endonuclease inducing irreversible apoptosis protein, is down-regulated in many types of tumor cells. iRGD is a tumor-penetrating peptide with high affinity to cancer cells overexpressing αVβ3 receptor. The aim of this study was to produce the recombinant DFF40-iRGD protein as a new molecule to selectively induce cytotoxicity in cancer cells and evaluate its biological effects. METHODS The three-dimensional structure of DFF40-iRGD was predicted using Modeller software and its interaction with αVβ3 receptor was evaluated by HADDOCK web-server. Recombinant DFF40 and DFF40-iRGD proteins were produced using intein fusion system in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). To improve the soluble expression, the inducer concentration, temperature and incubation time were optimized. After purification of DFF40 and DFF40-iRGD using chitin column, the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of the proteins against MDA-MB-231 (αVβ3 positive) and MCF-7 (αVβ3 negative) cell lines were evaluated using cell viability assay and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS The results of molecular docking indicated the proper interaction of DFF40-iRGD with the integrin receptor comparable to iRGD. The optimum conditions of soluble expression of proteins were the induction by 0.5 mM and 0.1 mM of IPTG for DFF40 and DFF40-iRGD, respectively, at 7 °C for 24 h. After 48 h of incubation, DFF40-iRGD exhibited significantly higher cytotoxic effect against MDA-MB-231 cells than MCF-7 cells as IC50 values of 19.25 and 41 nM were found for MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. However, DFF40 cytotoxicity was not significantly different in two cell lines. Furthermore, Flow cytometry results showed that the fusion protein can induce remarkably apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. CONCLUSION In this study, DFF40-iRGD protein was produced in soluble form and its inhibitory effects on cancer cell survival and induction of apoptosis were established; therefore, it has the potential to be used as a drug candidate for targeted treatment of breast cancer, especially Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Amrollahi-Nia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib Ave, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib Ave, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
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Cela I, Di Matteo A, Federici L. Nucleophosmin in Its Interaction with Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4885. [PMID: 32664415 PMCID: PMC7402337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a mainly nucleolar protein that shuttles between nucleoli, nucleoplasm and cytoplasm to fulfill its many functions. It is a chaperone of both nucleic acids and proteins and plays a role in cell cycle control, centrosome duplication, ribosome maturation and export, as well as the cellular response to a variety of stress stimuli. NPM1 is a hub protein in nucleoli where it contributes to nucleolar organization through heterotypic and homotypic interactions. Furthermore, several alterations, including overexpression, chromosomal translocations and mutations are present in solid and hematological cancers. Recently, novel germline mutations that cause dyskeratosis congenita have also been described. This review focuses on NPM1 interactions and inhibition. Indeed, the list of NPM1 binding partners is ever-growing and, in recent years, many studies contributed to clarifying the structural basis for NPM1 recognition of both nucleic acids and several proteins. Intriguingly, a number of natural and synthetic ligands that interfere with NPM1 interactions have also been reported. The possible role of NPM1 inhibitors in the treatment of multiple cancers and other pathologies is emerging as a new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cela
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adele Di Matteo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM) of the CNR, c/o “Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Luca Federici
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via Polacchi, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Varughese RS, Lam WST, Marican AABH, Viganeshwari SH, Bhave AS, Syn NL, Wang J, Wong ALA, Kumar AP, Lobie PE, Lee SC, Sethi G, Goh BC, Wang L. Biopharmacological considerations for accelerating drug development of deguelin, a rotenoid with potent chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive potential. Cancer 2019; 125:1789-1798. [PMID: 30933320 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Deguelin is a rotenoid compound that exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants. An analysis of evidence from both in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that deguelin displays potent anticancer activity against multiple cancer types and exhibits chemopreventive potential in Akt-inducible transgenic mouse models. Deguelin appears to impede carcinogenesis by enhancing cell apoptosis and hindering malignant transformation and tumor cell propagation. Crucial oncogenic pathways likely targeted by deguelin include the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; angiogenesis-related pathways; and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, Wnt, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-Met, and hedgehog signal transduction cascades. This review article provides a comprehensive summary of current preclinical research featuring deguelin as a leading chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive compound, and it highlights the importance of identifying companion molecular biomarkers and performing systemic pharmacokinetic studies for accelerating the process of developing deguelin as a clinical anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Sarah Varughese
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Walter Sze-Tung Lam
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ahmad Abdurrahman Bin Hanifah Marican
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - S Hema Viganeshwari
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Anuja Satish Bhave
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jigang Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Li-Ann Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, National University Health System, Singapore
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7
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Nukui M, O'Connor CM, Murphy EA. The Natural Flavonoid Compound Deguelin Inhibits HCMV Lytic Replication within Fibroblasts. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110614. [PMID: 30405048 PMCID: PMC6265796 DOI: 10.3390/v10110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus for which there is no vaccine or cure. This viral infection, once acquired, is life-long, residing latently in hematopoietic cells. However, latently infected individuals with weakened immune systems often undergo HCMV reactivation, which can cause serious complications in immunosuppressed and immunocompromised patients. Current anti-viral therapies target late stages of viral replication, and are often met with therapeutic resistance, necessitating the development of novel therapeutics. In this current study, we identified a naturally-occurring flavonoid compound, deguelin, which inhibits HCMV lytic replication. Our findings reveal that nanomolar concentrations of deguelin significantly suppress the production of the infectious virus. Further, we show that deguelin inhibits the lytic cycle during the phase of the replication cycle consistent with early (E) gene and protein expression. Importantly, our data reveal that deguelin inhibits replication of a ganciclovir-resistant strain of HCMV. Together, our findings identify a novel, naturally occurring compound that may prove useful in the treatment of HCMV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nukui
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Christine M O'Connor
- Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Eain A Murphy
- FORGE Life Science, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA 18901, USA.
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8
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Varghese E, Samuel SM, Abotaleb M, Cheema S, Mamtani R, Büsselberg D. The "Yin and Yang" of Natural Compounds in Anticancer Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E346. [PMID: 30248941 PMCID: PMC6209965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the different types of breast cancers, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive, do not respond to conventional hormonal/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted interventions due to the lack of the respective receptor targets, have chances of early recurrence, metastasize, tend to be more invasive in nature, and develop drug resistance. The global burden of TNBCs is increasing regardless of the number of cytotoxic drugs being introduced into the market each year as they have only moderate efficacy and/or unforeseen side effects. Therefore, the demand for more efficient therapeutic interventions, with reduced side effects, for the treatment of TNBCs is rising. While some plant metabolites/derivatives actually induce the risk of cancers, many plant-derived active principles have gained attention as efficient anticancer agents against TNBCs, with fewer adverse side effects. Here we discuss the possible oncogenic molecular pathways in TNBCs and how the purified plant-derived natural compounds specifically target and modulate the genes and/or proteins involved in these aberrant pathways to exhibit their anticancer potential. We have linked the anticancer potential of plant-derived natural compounds (luteolin, chalcones, piperine, deguelin, quercetin, rutin, fisetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and others) to their ability to target multiple dysregulated signaling pathways (such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Hedgehog) leading to suppression of cell growth, proliferation, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, and activation of apoptosis in TNBCs. Plant-derived compounds in combination with classical chemotherapeutic agents were more efficient in the treatment of TNBCs, possibly with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Varghese
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Sohaila Cheema
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Ravinder Mamtani
- Institute for Population Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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