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Wang JB, Du MW, Zheng Y. Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on hematopoietic stem cells in treating aplastic anemia in mice via MAPK pathway. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:591-603. [PMID: 38817329 PMCID: PMC11135254 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i5.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aplastic anemia (AA) presents a significant clinical challenge as a life-threatening condition due to failure to produce essential blood cells, with the current therapeutic options being notably limited. AIM To assess the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside Rg1 on AA, specifically its protective effects, while elucidating the mechanism at play. METHODS We employed a model of myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in C57 mice, followed by administration of ginsenoside Rg1 over 13 d. The investigation included examining the bone marrow, thymus and spleen for pathological changes via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Moreover, orbital blood of mice was collected for blood routine examinations. Flow cytometry was employed to identify the impact of ginsenoside Rg1 on cell apoptosis and cycle in the bone marrow of AA mice. Additionally, the study further evaluated cytokine levels with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed the expression of key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway via western blot. RESULTS Administration of CTX led to significant damage to the bone marrow's structural integrity and a reduction in hematopoietic cells, establishing a model of AA. Ginsenoside Rg1 successfully reversed hematopoietic dysfunction in AA mice. In comparison to the AA group, ginsenoside Rg1 provided relief by reducing the induction of cell apoptosis and inflammation factors caused by CTX. Furthermore, it helped alleviate the blockade in the cell cycle. Treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 significantly alleviated myelosuppression in mice by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study suggested that ginsenoside Rg1 addresses AA by alleviating myelosuppression, primarily through modulating the MAPK signaling pathway, which paves the way for a novel therapeutic strategy in treating AA, highlighting the potential of ginsenoside Rg1 as a beneficial intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bo Wang
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Wei Du
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Hepatic, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Feng Y, Ma F, Wu E, Cheng Z, Wang Z, Yang L, Zhang J. Ginsenosides: Allies of gastrointestinal tumor immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922029. [PMID: 36386161 PMCID: PMC9659574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, immunotherapy has been the most promising treatment for gastrointestinal tumors. But the low response rate and drug resistance remain major concerns. It is therefore imperative to develop adjuvant therapies to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy and prevent drug resistance. Ginseng has been used in Traditional Chinese medicine as a natural immune booster for thousands of years. The active components of ginseng, ginsenosides, have played an essential role in tumor treatment for decades and are candidates for anti-tumor adjuvant therapy. They are hypothesized to cooperate with immunotherapy drugs to improve the curative effect and reduce tumor resistance and adverse reactions. This review summarizes the research into the use of ginsenosides in immunotherapy of gastrointestinal tumors and discusses potential future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enjiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zewei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Hong H, Baatar D, Hwang SG. Anticancer Activities of Ginsenosides, the Main Active Components of Ginseng. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8858006. [PMID: 33623532 PMCID: PMC7875636 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8858006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidence rate has been increasing drastically in recent years. One of the many cancer treatment methods is chemotherapy. Traditional medicine, in the form of complementary and alternative therapy, is actively used to treat cancer, and many herbs and active ingredients of such therapies are being intensely studied to integrate them into modern medicine. Ginseng is traditionally used as a nourishing tonic and for treating various diseases in Asian countries. The therapeutic potential of ginseng in modern medicine has been studied extensively; the main bioactive component of ginseng is ginsenosides, which have gathered attention, particularly for their prospects in the treatment of fatal diseases such as cancer. Ginsenosides displayed their anticancer and antimetastatic properties not only via restricting cancer cell proliferation, viability, invasion, and migration but also by promoting apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy in several cancers, such as breast, brain, liver, gastric, and lung cancer. Additionally, ginsenosides can work synergistically with already existing cancer therapies. Thus, ginsenosides may be used alone or in combination with other pharmaceutical agents in new therapeutic strategies for cancer. To date however, there is little systematic summary available for the anticancer effects and therapeutic potential of ginsenosides. Therefore, we have reviewed and discussed all available literature in order to facilitate further research of ginsenosides in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeok Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Delgerzul Baatar
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace Avenue 13330, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Seong Gu Hwang
- Department of Animal Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong City 17579, Republic of Korea
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Hu L, Li B, Chen G, Song D, Xu Z, Gao L, Xi M, Zhou J, Li L, Zhang H, Feng Q, Wang Y, Lu K, Lu Y, Bu W, Wang H, Wu X, Zhu W, Shi J. A novel M phase blocker, DCZ3301 enhances the sensitivity of bortezomib in resistant multiple myeloma through DNA damage and mitotic catastrophe. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:105. [PMID: 32517809 PMCID: PMC7285565 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background DCZ3301, a novel aryl-guanidino compound previously reported by our group, exerts cytotoxic effects against multiple myeloma (MM), diffused large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. However, the underlying mechanism of its action remains unknown. Methods We generated bortezomib (BTZ)-resistant cell lines, treated them with various concentrations of DCZ3301 over varying periods, and studied its effect on colony formation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA synthesis, and DNA damage response. We validated our results using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Results DCZ3301 overcame bortezomib (BTZ) resistance through regulation of the G2/M checkpoint in multiple myeloma (MM) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treatment of BTZ-resistant cells with DCZ3301 restored their drug sensitivity. DCZ3301 induced M phase cell cycle arrest in MM mainly via inhibiting DNA repair and enhancing DNA damage. Moreover, DCZ3301 promoted the phosphorylation of ATM, ATR, and their downstream proteins, and these responses were blocked by the ATM specific inhibitor KU55933. Conclusions Our study provides a proof-of-concept that warrants the clinical evaluation of DCZ3301 as a novel anti-tumor compound against BTZ resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangning Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bo Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gege Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Dongliang Song
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Mengyu Xi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qilin Feng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Kang Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yumeng Lu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wenxuan Bu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Houcai Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiaosong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Ma C, Guan H, Ju Z, Li S, Deng G, Zhang Y, Lin Q, Cheng X, Yang L, Wang Z, Wang C. Identification and characterization of forced degradation products and stability-indicating assay for notoginsenosidefc by using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS: Insights into stability profile and degradation pathways. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1550-1563. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Huida Guan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zhengcai Ju
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Gang Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qiyan Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
- Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines; Shanghai P. R. China
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