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Gong Z, Dixit M, Poudel SB, Yildirim G, Yakar S, Muzumdar R. Deletion of absent in melanoma (AIM) 2 gene alters bone morphology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574199. [PMID: 38260661 PMCID: PMC10802368 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Absent in Melanoma (AIM) 2 is a gene that is induced by interferon and acts as a cytosolic sensor for double-stranded (ds) DNA. It forms the AIM2 inflammasome, leading to the production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Our previous research demonstrated that mice lacking AIM2 exhibit spontaneous obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation in adipose tissue. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of AIM2 gene deletion on bone structure in adult and aged mice. Utilizing micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), we discovered that female mice lacking AIM2 showed an increase in the total cross-sectional area at 5 months of age, accompanied by an increase in cortical thickness in the mid-diaphysis of the femur at both 5 and 15 months of age. At 15 months of age, the cortical bone mineral density (BMD) significantly decreased in AIM2 null females compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In AIM2 null mice, both trabecular bone volume and BMD at the distal metaphysis of the femur significantly decreased at 5 and 15 months of age. Similarly, micro-CT analysis of the L4 vertebra revealed significant decreases in trabecular bone volume and BMD in aged AIM2 null females compared to WT mice. Histological examination of femurs from aged mice demonstrated increased bone marrow adiposity in AIM2 null mice, accompanied by a significant increase in CD45-/CD31-/Sca1+/Pdgfa+ adipose progenitor cells, and a decrease in the ratio of CD31-/CD31+ osteogenic progenitor cells, as determined by flow cytometry of bone marrow cells. Our findings suggest that AIM2 deficiency affects bone health by promoting adipogenesis in bone marrow cells and inducing a pro-inflammatory environment, potentially contributing to the decreased bone mineral density.
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Tan L, Qu W, Wu D, Liu M, Ai Q, Hu H, Wang Q, Chen W, Zhou H. The interferon regulatory factor 6 promotes cisplatin sensitivity in colorectal cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:10504-10517. [PMID: 35443865 PMCID: PMC9161955 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2062103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Cell proliferation and tumor metastasis as well as chemoresistance are correlated with poor survival of CRC. The interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is functioned as a tumor suppressor gene in several cancers and is associated with risk of CRC. We explored the role of IRF6 in CRC in the present study. The protein expressions of IRF6 in human CRC tissues, normal para-carcinoma tissue and liver metastases from CRC were measured. Cell proliferation, chemotherapeutic sensitivity, cell apoptosis, migration and invasion including the related markers along with IRF6 expression were explored. Our results indicated that IRF6 expression in CRC and liver metastasis were lower than normal tissues, which were correlated positively with E-cadherin and negatively with Ki67 expression in CRC tissue. IRF6 promoted CRC cell sensitivity to cisplatin to suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as aggravate cell apoptosis. Our study suggested that IRF6 may enhance chemotherapeutic sensitivity of cisplatin mediated by affecting cell proliferation, migration and invasion along with apoptosis through regulating E-cadherin and Ki67, while the identified molecular mechanisms remain to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Weiming Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Dajun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Minji Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Qiongjia Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hongsai Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Weishun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbing Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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Kim B, Cho YJ, Park M, Lim W. Immunization With RANKL Inhibits Osteolytic Bone Metastasis in Breast Cancer. J Immunother 2022; 45:1-12. [PMID: 34545011 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells often metastasize to bone. Accumulating evidence suggests that inhibiting the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) not only leads to reduced bone metastasis of breast cancer but also has antitumoral effects. Here, we used mutant receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKLM) as a vaccine for active immunization to induce antibodies for immunotherapy of bone metastatic cancer. We investigated whether anti-RANKL antibodies inhibit osteolytic bone metastasis in vitro and in a murine model. MC3T3 cells stimulated by MDA-MB-231 culture medium secreted growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), which induced the nuclear factor-κB signaling cascade. In addition, RANKLM treatment-induced reduction of intraosseous growth of MDA-MB-231 cells correlated with decreased GDF-15 expression, a reduced number of osteolytic lesions, and slower tumor progression. In addition, vaccination with RANKLM led to significant improvement in overall survival and skeletal metastasis in tumor-bearing mice. Induction of anti-RANKL antibodies by RANKLM decreased GDF-15 production by deactivating nuclear factor-κB signaling, which in turn inhibited metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells to bone. Taken together, the results demonstrate a role for RANKLM immunization in preventing bone metastasis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Kim
- Laboratory of Orthopaedic Research
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Cho
- Laboratory of Orthopaedic Research
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital
| | - Mineon Park
- Laboratory of Orthopaedic Research
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital
| | - Wonbong Lim
- Laboratory of Orthopaedic Research
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chosun University Hospital
- Department of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju
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Rodríguez V, Rivoira M, Picotto G, de Barboza GD, Collin A, de Talamoni NT. Analysis of the molecular mechanisms by flavonoids with potential use for osteoporosis prevention or therapy. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2913-2936. [PMID: 34547992 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210921143644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is the most common skeletal disorder worldwide. Flavonoids have the potential to alleviate bone alterations in osteoporotic patients with the advantage of being safer and less expensive than the conventional therapies. OBJECTIVE The main objective is to analyze the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone by different subclasses of flavonoids. In addition, this review provides an up-to-date overview on the cellular and molecular aspects of osteoporotic bones versus healthy bones, and a brief description of some epidemiological studies indicating that flavonoids could be useful for osteoporosis treatment. METHODS The PubMed database was searched in the range of years 2001- 2021 using the keywords osteoporosis, flavonoids, and their subclasses such as flavones, flavonols, flavanols, isoflavones, flavanones and anthocyanins, focusing the data on the molecular mechanisms triggered in bone. RESULTS Although flavonoids comprise many compounds that differ in structure, their effects on bone loss in postmenopausal women or in ovariectomized-induced osteoporotic animals are quite similar. Most of them increase bone mineral density and bone strength, which occur through enhancement of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast apoptosis, decrease in osteoclastogenesis as well as increase in neovascularization on the site of the osteoporotic fracture. CONCLUSION Several molecules of signaling pathways are involved in the effect of flavonoids on osteoporotic bone. Whether all flavonoids have a common mechanism or they act as ligands of estrogen receptors remain to be established. More clinical trials are necessary to know better their safety, efficacy, delivery and bioavailability in humans, as well as comparative studies with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Rodríguez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - María Rivoira
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Gabriela Picotto
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz de Barboza
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Alejandro Collin
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
| | - Nori Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio "Dr. Fernando Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Pabellón Argentina, 2do. Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba. Argentina
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Phromnoi K, Suttajit M, Saenjum C, Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul) P. Inhibitory Effect of a Rosmarinic Acid-Enriched Fraction Prepared from Nga-Mon ( Perilla frutescens) Seed Meal on Osteoclastogenesis through the RANK Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020307. [PMID: 33671207 PMCID: PMC7923133 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities relating to the antiosteoporosis effects of various perilla seed meal (PSM) fractions. The remaining waste of perilla seed obtained from cold oil compression was extracted with 70% ethanol and sequentially fractionated according to solvent polarity with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and water. The results indicated that the seed-meal ethyl acetate fraction (SMEF) exhibited the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and rosmarinic acid (RA) content. The signaling pathways induced by the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL) that trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several transcription factors, leading to the induction of osteoclastogenesis, were also investigated. The SMEF clearly showed attenuated RANKL-induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated osteoclasts and TRAP activity. A Western blot analysis showed that the SMEF significantly downregulated RANKL-induced NF-κB, AP-1 activation, and the nuclear factor of activated T-cell 1 (NFATc1) expression. SMEF also suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast-specific marker gene-like MMP-9 using zymography. Furthermore, the SMEF showed inhibition of RANKL-induced ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells. The results suggest that the SMEF, which contained high quantities of RA, could be developed as a natural active pharmaceutical ingredient for osteoclastogenic protection and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokkarn Phromnoi
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Maitree Suttajit
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand; (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Chalermpong Saenjum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Excellence on Biodiversity-Based Economics and Society (B.BES-CMU), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (P.L.D.); Tel.: +66-89-950-4227 (C.S.); +66-89-952-8111 (P.L.D.)
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (P.L.D.); Tel.: +66-89-950-4227 (C.S.); +66-89-952-8111 (P.L.D.)
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