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Zhong Y, Tian X, Jiang X, Dang W, Cheng M, Li N, Liu Y. Novel Ziyuglycoside II derivatives inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation via inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106752. [PMID: 37499529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel ziyuglycoside II derivatives were synthesized based on the classical 1,2,3-triazole moiety. Among the tested derivatives (Z-1 - Z-15), the compound Z-15 demonstrated the most potent antiproliferative effect on K562, MCF-7 and MV411 cell lines. Moreover, Z-15 did not show obvious cytotoxicity on MCF-10A cell, a human normal mammary epithelial cell. The cell colony formation assay showed that, compared to ziyuglycoside II and 5-fluorouracil, Z-15 could inhibit cell proliferation more robustly. Wound healing assays indicated that Z-15 could significantly inhibit MCF-7 cell migration. Further mechanistic research revealed that Z-15 induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in MCF-7 cell line in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen Dang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine for Major Chronic Diseases of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory for TCM Material Basis Study and Innovative Drug Development of Shenyang City, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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2
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Basu A, Namporn T, Ruenraroengsak P. Critical Review in Designing Plant-Based Anticancer Nanoparticles against Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1611. [PMID: 37376061 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for 85% of liver cancer cases, continues to be the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although various forms of chemotherapy and immunotherapy have been investigated in clinics, patients continue to suffer from high toxicity and undesirable side effects. Medicinal plants contain novel critical bioactives that can target multimodal oncogenic pathways; however, their clinical translation is often challenged due to poor aqueous solubility, low cellular uptake, and poor bioavailability. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery presents great opportunities in HCC therapy by increasing selectivity and transferring sufficient doses of bioactives to tumor areas with minimal damage to adjacent healthy cells. In fact, many phytochemicals encapsulated in FDA-approved nanocarriers have demonstrated the ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment. In this review, information about the mechanisms of promising plant bioactives against HCC is discussed and compared. Their benefits and risks as future nanotherapeutics are underscored. Nanocarriers that have been employed to encapsulate both pure bioactives and crude extracts for application in various HCC models are examined and compared. Finally, the current limitations in nanocarrier design, challenges related to the HCC microenvironment, and future opportunities are also discussed for the clinical translation of plant-based nanomedicines from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalok Basu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanaphon Namporn
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pakatip Ruenraroengsak
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayutthaya Rd., Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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3
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Zhou J, Cui X, Xie Y, Zhang M, Gao J, Zhou X, Ding J, Cen S. Identification of Ziyuglycoside II from natural products library as a novel STING agonist. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100719. [PMID: 35293138 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Given the emerging pivotal roles of STING (stimulator of interferon genes) in host pathogen defense and immune-oncology, STING is regarded as a promising target for drug development. CDNs (cyclic dinucleotides) are the first-generation STING agonists. However, their poor metabolic stability and membrane permeability utterly limits therapeutic applications. By contrast, small molecule STING agonists show superiority of properties such as molecular weight, polar character, and delivery diversity. The quest for the potent small molecular agonist of human STING remains ongoing. In our study, through an IRF/IFN pathway-targeted cell-based screen of natural products library, we identified a small-molecular STING agonist Ziyuglycoside II, termed as ST12, with potent stimulation of IRF/IFN pathway and NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, its binding to the C-terminal domain of human STING detected by bio-layer interferometry technique, indicating that ST12 is a human STING agonist. Further tanimoto similarity analyze with existing small-molecule STING agonists indicates that ST12 represents a lead compound with a novel core-structure for the further optimization. Insert abstract text here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Immunology, Nanwei Road, 100050, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Xiangling Cui
- Institute of Medicinal biotechnology, Medicinal chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yongli Xie
- Institute of Medicinal biotechnology, Medicinal chemistry, CHINA
| | - Min Zhang
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Chemistry and Life Science, CHINA
| | - Jieke Gao
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Chemistry and Life Science, CHINA
| | - Xujun Zhou
- Zhejiang Normal University, College of Chemistry and Life Science, CHINA
| | - Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Medicinal chemistry, CHINA
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Immune, CHINA
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4
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Rodriguez S, Skeet K, Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz T, Goldfarb M, Karri S, Rocha J, Shahinian M, Yazadi A, Poudel S, Subramani R. Phytochemicals as an Alternative or Integrative Option, in Conjunction with Conventional Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225753. [PMID: 34830907 PMCID: PMC8616323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is globally ranked as the sixth most diagnosed cancer, and the second most deadly cancer. To worsen matters, there are only limited therapeutic options currently available; therefore, it is necessary to find a reservoir from which new HCC treatments may be acquired. The field of phytomedicine may be the solution to this problem, as it offers an abundance of plant-derived molecules, which show capabilities of being effective against HCC proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. In our review, we collect and analyze current evidence regarding these promising phytochemical effects on HCC, and delve into their potential as future chemotherapies. Additionally, information on the signaling behind these numerous phytochemicals is provided, in an attempt to understand their mechanisms. This review makes accessible the current body of knowledge pertaining to phytochemicals as HCC treatments, in order to serve as a reference and inspiration for further research into this subject. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most abundant form of liver cancer. It accounts for 75–85% of liver cancer cases and, though it ranks globally as the sixth most common cancer, it ranks second in cancer-related mortality. Deaths from HCC are usually due to metastatic spread of the cancer. Unfortunately, there are many challenges and limitations with the latest HCC therapies and medications, making it difficult for patients to receive life-prolonging care. As there is clearly a high demand for alternative therapy options for HCC, it is prudent to turn to plants for the solution, as their phytochemicals have long been used and revered for their many medicinal purposes. This review explores the promising phytochemical compounds identified from pre-clinical and clinical trials being used either independently or in conjunction with already existing cancer therapy treatments. The phytochemicals discussed in this review were classified into several categories: lipids, polyphenols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, whole extracts, and phytochemical combinations. Almost 80% of the compounds failed to progress into clinical studies due to lack of information regarding the toxicity to normal cells and bioavailability. Although large obstacles remain, phytochemicals can be used either as an alternative or integrative therapy in conjunction with existing HCC chemotherapies. In conclusion, phytochemicals have great potential as treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Rodriguez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Kristy Skeet
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Madeline Goldfarb
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Shri Karri
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Jackelyn Rocha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Mark Shahinian
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Abdallah Yazadi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Seeta Poudel
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-915-215-6851
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5
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Zhou P, Li J, Chen Q, Wang L, Yang J, Wu A, Jiang N, Liu Y, Chen J, Zou W, Zeng J, Wu J. A Comprehensive Review of Genus Sanguisorba: Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents and Medical Applications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750165. [PMID: 34616302 PMCID: PMC8488092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genus Sanguisorba (family: Rosaceae) comprises nearly 148 species, distributed widely across the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Sanguisorba officinalis L. (S. officinalis) has been used as a hemostatic and scald treating medicine in China for a long time. Numerous studies have demonstrated that plant extracts or monomers from S. officinalis exhibit several pharmacological effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-virus, anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects. The other species of genus Sanguisorba are also being studied by researchers worldwide. Sanguisorba minor Scop. (S. minor), as an edible wild plant, is a common ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, and its young shoots and leaves are often mixed with traditional vegetables and consumed as salad. Reports on genus Sanguisorba available in the current literature were collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science, Springer, and PubMed. The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org./tpl1.1/search?q=Sanguisorba), International Plant Name Index (https://www.ipni.org/?q=Sanguisorba) and Kew Botanical Garden (http://powo.science.kew.org/) were used for obtaining the scientific names and information on the subspecies and cultivars. In recent years, several in vivo and in vitro experiments have been conducted to reveal the active components and effective monomers of S. officinalis and S. minor. To date, more than 270 compounds have been isolated and identified so far from the species belonging to genus Sanguisorba. Numerous reports on the chemical constituents, pharmacologic effects, and toxicity of genus Sanguisorba are available in the literature. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current traditional applications of plants, which are supported by a large number of scientific experiments. Owing to these promising properties, this species is used in the treatment of various diseases, including influenza virus infection, inflammation, Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes and leukopenia caused by bone marrow suppression. Moreover, the rich contents and biological effects of S. officinalis and S. minor facilitate these applications in dietary supplements and cosmetics. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of genus Sanguisorba. The present comprehensive review may provide new insights for the future research on genus Sanguisorba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Yuanzhi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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6
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Zhong Y, Li XY, Zhou F, Cai YJ, Sun R, Liu RP. Ziyuglycoside II inhibits the growth of digestive system cancer cells through multiple mechanisms. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:351-363. [PMID: 33941340 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Digestive system cancers, including liver, gastric, colon, esophageal and pancreatic cancers, are the leading cause of cancers with high morbidity and mortality, and the question of their clinical treatment is still open. Previous studies have indicated that Ziyuglycoside II (ZYG II), the major bioactive ingredient extract from Sanguisorba officinalis L., significantly inhibits the growth of various cancer cells. However, the selective anti-tumor effects of ZYG II against digestive system cancers are not systemically investigated. In this study, we reported the anti-cancer effect of ZYG II on esophageal cancer cells (OE21), cholangiocarcinoma cells (HuCCT1), gastric cancer cells (BGC-823), liver cancer cells (HepG2), human colonic cancer cells (HCT116), and pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1). We also found that ZYG II induced cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that UBC, EGFR and IKBKG are predicted targets of ZYG II. EGFR signaling was suggested as the critical pathway underlying the anti-cancer effects of ZYG II and both docking simulation and western blot analysis demonstrated that ZYG II was a potential EGFR inhibitor. Furthermore, our results showed synergistic inhibitory effects of ZYG II and chemotherapy 5-FU on the growth of cancer cells. In summary, ZYG II are effective anti-tumor agents against digestive cancers. Further systemic evaluation of the anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo and characterization of underlying mechanism will promote the development of novel supplementary therapeutic strategies based on ZYG II for the treatment of digestive system cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ya-Jie Cai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China.
| | - Run-Ping Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Jiang N, Li H, Sun Y, Zeng J, Yang F, Kantawong F, Wu J. Network Pharmacology and Pharmacological Evaluation Reveals the Mechanism of the Sanguisorba Officinalis in Suppressing Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:618522. [PMID: 33746755 PMCID: PMC7969657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.618522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Sanguisorba Officinalis L. (SO) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), commonly applied to treat complex diseases, such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and hemostatic effects. Especially, it has been reported to exert anti-tumor effect in various human cancers. However, its effect and pharmacological mechanism on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Methods: In this study, network pharmacology approach was applied to characterize the underlying mechanism of SO on HCC. Active compounds and potential targets of SO, as well as related genes of HCC were obtained from the public databases, the potential targets and signaling pathways were determined by protein-protein interaction (PPI), gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. And the compound-target and target-pathway networks were constructed. Subsequently, in vitro experiments were also performed to further verify the anticancer effects of SO on HCC. Results: By using the comprehensive network pharmacology analysis, 41 ingredients in SO were collected from the corresponding databases, 12 active ingredients screened according to their oral bioavailability and drug-likeness index, and 258 potential targets related to HCC were predicted. Through enrichment analysis, SO was found to show its excellent therapeutic effects on HCC through several pathways, mainly related to proliferation and survival via the EGFR, PI3K/AKT, NFκB and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, in vitro, SO was found to inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and down-regulate cell migration and invasion in various HCC cells. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that SO treatment down-regulated the expression of p-EGFR, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-NFκB and p-MAPK proteins in HepG2 cells. These results validated that SO exerted its therapeutic effects on HCC mainly by the regulation of cell proliferation and survival via the EGFR/MAPK and EGFR/PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathways. Conclusion: Taken together, this study, revealed the anti-HCC effects of SO and its potential underlying therapeutic mechanisms in a multi-target and multi-pathway manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,International Education School, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueshan Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fahsai Kantawong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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