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Abramowski P, Steinbach K, Zander AR, Martin R. Immunomodulatory effects of the ether phospholipid edelfosine in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 274:111-24. [PMID: 25086877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The 2-lysophosphatidylcholine analog edelfosine induces apoptosis in highly proliferating cells, e.g. activated immune cells. We examined mechanisms of action of edelfosine on immune functions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a well-accepted animal model for multiple sclerosis. We observed activated caspase-3 expression in lymphoid organs and the central nervous system; however, edelfosine did not induce global apoptosis. Edelfosine improved the disease course and led to reduced frequencies of CD4(+) T cells infiltrating into the central nervous system. Our data suggest edelfosine as an interesting treatment candidate for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Abramowski
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical MS Research (inims), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karin Steinbach
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical MS Research (inims), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Axel R Zander
- Department for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Martin
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical MS Research (inims), Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Forkel S, Schön M, Hildmann A, Claßen A, John SM, Danker K, Schön MP. Inositoylated platelet-activating factor (Ino-C2-PAF) modulates dynamic lymphocyte-endothelial cell interactions and alleviates psoriasis-like skin inflammation in two complementary mouse models. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2510-2520. [PMID: 24714204 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis, a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-governed inflammatory disorder with prominent dysregulation of cutaneous vascular functions, has evolved into a model disorder for studying anti-inflammatory therapies. We present experimental in vitro and in vivo data on 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-(2-(myo-inositolyl)-ethyl)-sn-glycero-3-(R/S)-phosphatidyl-choline (Ino-C2-PAF), the lead compound of a class of synthetic glycosylated phospholipids, in anti-inflammatory therapy. Ino-C2-PAF strongly induced apoptosis only in TNFα-stimulated, but not in untreated human vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, TNFα-induced endothelial adhesion molecules that mediated the rolling and firm adhesion of leukocytes (vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, and ICAM-1) were selectively downregulated by Ino-C2-PAF. Similarly, expression of L-selectin, VCAM-1 receptor α4β1 integrin , and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was reduced without induction of apoptosis. Functionally, these changes were accompanied by significant impairment of rolling and adhesion of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on TNFα-activated endothelial cells in a dynamic flow chamber system. When the therapeutic potential of Ino-C2-PAF was assessed in two complementary mouse models of psoriasis, K5.hTGFβ1 transgenic and JunB/c-Jun-deficient mice, Ino-C2-PAF led to significant alleviation of the clinical symptoms and normalized the pathological cutaneous changes including vascularization. There were no overt adverse effects. These findings suggested that Ino-C2-PAF is a potential candidate in the therapy of inflammatory skin diseases that include abnormal vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Forkel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Margarete Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Hildmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Claßen
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Swen-Malte John
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Care Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Kerstin Danker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
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3
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Abramowski P, Otto B, Martin R. The orally available, synthetic ether lipid edelfosine inhibits T cell proliferation and induces a type I interferon response. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91970. [PMID: 24667731 PMCID: PMC3965404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug edelfosine is a synthetic analog of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine. Edelfosine is incorporated by highly proliferating cells, e.g. activated immune cells. It acts on cellular membranes by selectively aggregating the cell death receptor Fas in membrane rafts and interference with phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis with subsequent induction of apoptosis. Edelfosine has been proposed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). Earlier studies on the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), have generated first evidence for the efficacy of edelfosine treatment. However, it is unknown if the previously described mechanisms for edelfosine action, which are derived from in vitro studies, are solely responsible for the amelioration of EAE or if edelfosine may exert additional effects, which may be beneficial in the context of autoimmunity. Since it was the purpose of our studies to assess the potential usefulness of edelfosine for the treatment of MS, we examined its mechanism/s of action on immune functions in human T cells. Low doses of edelfosine led to a decrease in homeostatic proliferation, and further studies of the mechanism/s of action by genome-wide transcriptional profiling showed that edelfosine reduces the expression of MHC class II molecules, of molecules involved in MHC class II-associated processing and presentation, and finally upregulated a series of type I interferon-associated genes. The inhibition of homeostatic proliferation, as well as the effects on MHC class II expression and -presentation, and the induction of type I interferon-associated genes are novel and interesting in the context of developing edelfosine for clinical use in MS and possibly also other T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Abramowski
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (inims), ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Clinic for Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Otto
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Center for Diagnostic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Martin
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (inims), ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Giacomini A, Righi M, Cleris L, Locatelli SL, Mitola S, Daidone MG, Gianni AM, Carlo-Stella C. Induction of death receptor 5 expression in tumor vasculature by perifosine restores the vascular disruption activity of TRAIL-expressing CD34(+) cells. Angiogenesis 2013; 16:707-22. [PMID: 23605004 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-013-9348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The proapoptotic death receptor 5 (DR5) expressed by tumor associated endothelial cells (TECs) mediates vascular disrupting effects of human CD34(+) cells engineered to express membrane-bound tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (CD34-TRAIL (+) cells) in mice. Indeed, lack of DR5 on TECs causes resistance to CD34-TRAIL (+) cells. By xenografting in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice the TRAIL-resistant lymphoma cell line SU-DHL-4V, which generates tumors lacking endothelial DR5 expression, here we demonstrate for the first time that the Akt inhibitor perifosine induces in vivo DR5 expression on TECs, thereby overcoming tumor resistance to the vascular disruption activity of CD34-TRAIL (+) cells. In fact, CD34-TRAIL (+) cells combined with perifosine, but not CD34-TRAIL (+) cells alone, exerted marked antivascular effects and caused a threefold increase of hemorrhagic necrosis in SU-DHL-4V tumors. Consistent with lack of DR5 expression, CD34-TRAIL (+) cells failed to affect the growth of SU-DHL-4V tumors, but CD34-TRAIL (+) cells plus perifosine reduced tumor volumes by 60 % compared with controls. In view of future clinical studies using membrane-bound TRAIL, our results highlight a strategy to rescue patients with primary or acquired resistance due to the lack of DR5 expression in tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Podlipec R, Koklic T, Strancar J, Mravljak J, Sentjurc M. Influence of cancerostatic perifosine on membrane fluidity of liposomes and different cell lines as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance. Croat Med J 2013; 53:558-67. [PMID: 23275321 PMCID: PMC3541582 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2012.53.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To test whether membrane fluidity and its changes are important for the sensitivity of cells to the action of perifosine (OPP), a new anticancer drug targeting cell membrane and not DNA. Method Influence of OPP on the membrane structure of OPP-resistant MCF7, and OPP-sensitive MT3 breast cancer cell lines, as well as of mouse fibroblasts (L929) cell lines, and model cells (liposomes) was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance, using spin labeled derivative of OPP (P5) and 5-doxylpalmitoyl methylester (MeFASL(10,3)) as spin probes. Results OPP increased membrane fluidity of all cell lines at concentrations higher than 50 µM (on the level of P ≤ 0.05, t test). In cells, the differences were observed only by P5 and not by MeFASL(10,3). Average order parameter Seff decreased for about 12% in MCF7 and L929 and only for 8% in OPP-sensitive MT3 cells, showing that there was no correlation between membrane fluidity changes and sensitivity of cells to OPP. The only correlation we found was between OPP sensitivity and the cell growth rate. In liposomes, both spin probes were sensitive to the action of OPP. Seff decreased with increasing concentration of OPP. For MeFASL(10,3) a significant decrease was observed at 4 mol% OPP, while for P5 it was observed at 8 mol%. Conclusion Influence of OPP on plasma membrane fluidity of breast cancer cells is not the determining factor in the sensitivity of cells to OPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Podlipec
- Center of excellence NAMASTE, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Anticancer mechanisms and clinical application of alkylphospholipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:663-74. [PMID: 23137567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic alkylphospholipids (ALPs), such as edelfosine, miltefosine, perifosine, erucylphosphocholine and erufosine, represent a relatively new class of structurally related antitumor agents that act on cell membranes rather than on DNA. They selectively target proliferating (tumor) cells, inducing growth arrest and apoptosis, and are potent sensitizers of conventional chemo- and radiotherapy. ALPs easily insert in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane and cross the membrane via an ATP-dependent CDC50a-containing 'flippase' complex (in carcinoma cells), or are internalized by lipid raft-dependent endocytosis (in lymphoma/leukemic cells). ALPs resist catabolic degradation, therefore accumulate in the cell and interfere with lipid-dependent survival signaling pathways, notably PI3K-Akt and Raf-Erk1/2, and de novo phospholipid biosynthesis. At the same time, stress pathways (e.g. stress-activated protein kinase/JNK) are activated to promote apoptosis. In many preclinical and clinical studies, perifosine was the most effective ALP, mainly because it inhibits Akt activity potently and consistently, also in vivo. This property is successfully exploited clinically in highly malignant tumors, such as multiple myeloma and neuroblastoma, in which a tyrosine kinase receptor/Akt pathway is amplified. In such cases, perifosine therapy is most effective in combination with conventional anticancer regimens or with rapamycin-type mTOR inhibitors, and may overcome resistance to these agents. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phospholipids and Phospholipid Metabolism.
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Kuerschner L, Richter D, Hannibal-Bach HK, Gaebler A, Shevchenko A, Ejsing CS, Thiele C. Exogenous ether lipids predominantly target mitochondria. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31342. [PMID: 22348073 PMCID: PMC3279356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ether lipids are ubiquitous constituents of cellular membranes with no discrete cell biological function assigned yet. Using fluorescent polyene-ether lipids we analyzed their intracellular distribution in living cells by microscopy. Mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum accumulated high amounts of ether-phosphatidylcholine and ether-phosphatidylethanolamine. Both lipids were specifically labeled using the corresponding lyso-ether lipids, which we established as supreme precursors for lipid tagging. Polyfosine, a fluorescent analogue of the anti-neoplastic ether lipid edelfosine, accumulated to mitochondria and induced morphological changes and cellular apoptosis. These data indicate that edelfosine could exert its pro-apoptotic power by targeting and damaging mitochondria and thereby inducing cellular apoptosis. In general, this study implies an important role of mitochondria in ether lipid metabolism and intracellular ether lipid trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Kuerschner
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, LIMES, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Gajate C, Matos-da-Silva M, Dakir ELH, Fonteriz RI, Alvarez J, Mollinedo F. Antitumor alkyl-lysophospholipid analog edelfosine induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer by targeting endoplasmic reticulum. Oncogene 2011; 31:2627-39. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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In vitro effects of perifosine, bortezomib and lenalidomide against hematopoietic progenitor cells from healthy donors. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1396-403. [PMID: 21750922 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The novel AKT inhibitor perifosine possesses myelopoiesis-stimulating effects in rodents. We studied the in vitro effects of the novel agents perifosine, bortezomib and lenalidomide in addition to adriamycin against normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) using different clonogenic and non-clonogenic assays. All agents inhibited colony-forming unit (CFU) formation, perifosine inhibiting mainly CFU-granulocyte/macrophage formation and the other agents burst-forming unit-erythroid formation. Perifosine combined with lenalidomide or adriamycin tended to act antagonistically in suppressing CFU formation. Despite their inhibition of CFU formation, perifosine, bortezomib and lenalidomide induced only slight or moderate cytotoxicity in CD34(+) selected HPC, as assessed using different assays such as flow cytometry-based detection of activated caspases and immunohistochemistry studies (e.g., Ki-67 staining). In contrast to its myelopoiesis-stimulating effects in rodents, perifosine--like bortezomib and lenalidomide--suppresses the clonogenic potential of HPC from healthy donors in vitro and thus probably plays no role in preventing neutropenia or in shorting its duration after intensive chemotherapy. However, all these novel agents typically induce only slight or moderate suppression of the clonogenic potential or loss of viability of normal HPC at clinically achievable plasma concentrations, assuming that hematoxicity is manageable and functional HPC can be collected after treatment with these compounds.
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Chen R, Brady E, McIntyre TM. Human TMEM30a promotes uptake of antitumor and bioactive choline phospholipids into mammalian cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:3215-25. [PMID: 21289302 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antitumor alkylphospholipids initiate apoptosis in transformed HL-60 and Jurkat cells while sparing their progenitors. 1-O-Alkyl-2-carboxymethyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Edelfosine) like other short-chained phospholipids--inflammatory platelet-activating factor (PAF) and apoptotic oxidatively truncated phospholipids--are proposed to have intracellular sites of action, yet a conduit for these choline phospholipids into mammalian cells is undefined. Edelfosine is also accumulated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a process requiring the membrane protein Lem3p, and the human genome contains a Lem3p homolog TMEM30a. We show that import of choline phospholipids into S. cerevisiae ΔLem3 is partially reconstituted by human TMEM30a and by Lem3p-TMEM30a chimeras, showing the proteins are orthologous. TMEM30a-GFP chimeras expressed in mammalian cells localized in plasma membranes, as well as internal organelles, and ectopic TMEM30a expression promoted uptake of exogenous choline and ethanolamine phospholipids. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of TMEM30a reduced fluorescent choline phospholipid and [(3)H]PAF import. This knockdown also reduced mitochondrial depolarization from exogenous Edelfosine or the mitotoxic oxidatively truncated phospholipid azelaoyl phosphatidylcholine, and the knockdown reduced apoptosis in response to these two phospholipids. These results show that extracellular choline phospholipids with short sn-2 residues can have intracellular roles and sites of metabolism because they are transport substrates for a TMEM30a phospholipid import system. Variation in this mechanism could limit sensitivity to short chain choline phospholipids such as Edelfosine, PAF, and proapoptotic phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Schmidt-Hieber M, Dabrowski R, Weimann A, Aicher B, Lohneis P, Busse A, Thiel E, Blau IW. In vitro cytotoxicity of the novel antimyeloma agents perifosine, bortezomib and lenalidomide against different cell lines. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:480-9. [PMID: 21080211 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel AKT inhibitor perifosine, a synthetic alkylphospholipid, is currently being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of different hematological and oncological malignancies. The in vitro cytotoxicity of perifosine, bortezomib and lenalidomide against 6 cell lines derived from hematological malignancies was investigated using trypan blue staining, flow cytometry-based detection of activated caspases, Annexin V assays, immunohistochemistry studies (KI-67 and caspase-3 staining) and the immature-myeloid-information (IMI) technique. Perifosine and bortezomib induced concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in all cell lines tested. Perifosine together with bortezomib largely exerted additive or synergistic effects with combination indices ranging from 1.13 to 0.22 for combined efficacies of 25% to 75% after 24-hour incubation. Lenalidomide-triggered cytotoxicity was low in all cell lines tested with any assay (less than 10% compared to the negative control). Finally, perifosine, but not bortezomib or lenalidomide, significantly increased the number of cells detected in the IMI channel. Perifosine and bortezomib- but not lenalidomide- trigger substantial cytotoxicity by caspase activation and mainly act additively or synergistically. The IMI technique might be a useful tool for studying cytotoxicity of agents like perifosine that interact mainly with the cellular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schmidt-Hieber
- Medizinische Klinik III, Hämatologie, Onkologie und Transfusionsmedizin, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Mollinedo F, de la Iglesia-Vicente J, Gajate C, Estella-Hermoso de Mendoza A, Villa-Pulgarin JA, Campanero MA, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Lipid raft-targeted therapy in multiple myeloma. Oncogene 2010; 29:3748-57. [PMID: 20418917 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy. By using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo approaches, we have identified here that lipid rafts constitute a new target in MM. We have found that the phospholipid ether edelfosine targets and accumulates in MM cell membrane rafts, inducing apoptosis through co-clustering of rafts and death receptors. Raft disruption by cholesterol depletion inhibited drug uptake by tumor cells as well as cell killing. Cholesterol replenishment restored MM cell ability to take up edelfosine and to undergo drug-induced apoptosis. Ceramide addition displaced cholesterol from rafts, and inhibited edelfosine-induced apoptosis. In an MM animal model, edelfosine oral administration showed a potent in vivo antimyeloma activity, and the drug accumulated preferentially and dramatically in the tumor. A decrease in tumor cell cholesterol, a major raft component, inhibited the in vivo antimyeloma action of edelfosine and reduced drug uptake by the tumor. The results reported here provide the proof-of-principle and rationale for further clinical evaluation of edelfosine and for this raft-targeted therapy to improve patient outcome in MM. Our data reveal cholesterol-containing lipid rafts as a novel and efficient therapeutic target in MM, opening a new avenue in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mollinedo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain.
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Mollinedo F, de la Iglesia-Vicente J, Gajate C, de Mendoza AEH, Villa-Pulgarin JA, de Frias M, Roué G, Gil J, Colomer D, Campanero MA, Blanco-Prieto MJ. In vitro and In vivo Selective Antitumor Activity of Edelfosine against Mantle Cell Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Involving Lipid Rafts. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:2046-54. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fas/CD95 down-regulation in lymphoma cells through acquired alkyllysophospholipid resistance: partial role of associated sphingomyelin deficiency. Biochem J 2009; 425:225-34. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20090455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ALP (alkyl-lysophospholipid) edelfosine (1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine) induces apoptosis in S49 mouse lymphoma cells. A variant cell line, S49AR, made resistant to ALP, was found previously to be impaired in ALP uptake via lipid-raft-mediated endocytosis. In the present paper, we report that these cells display cross-resistance to Fas/CD95 ligation [FasL (Fas ligand)], and can be gradually resensitized by prolonged culturing in the absence of ALP. Fas and ALP activate distinct apoptotic pathways, since ALP-induced apoptosis was not abrogated by dominant-negative FADD (Fas-associated protein with death domain), cFLIPL [cellular FLICE (FADD-like interleukin 1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein long form] or the caspase 8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK (benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-fluoromethylketone). ALP-resistant cells showed decreased Fas expression, at both the mRNA and protein levels, in a proteasome-dependent fashion. The proteasome inhibitor MG132 partially restored Fas expression and resensitized the cells to FasL, but not to ALP. Resistant cells completely lacked SM (sphingomyelin) synthesis, which seems to be a unique feature of the S49 cell system, having very low SM levels in parental cells. Lack of SM synthesis did not affect cell growth in serum-containing medium, but retarded growth under serum-free (SM-free) conditions. SM deficiency determined in part the resistance to ALP and FasL. Exogenous short-chain (C12-) SM partially restored cell-surface expression of Fas in lipid rafts and FasL sensitivity, but did not affect Fas mRNA levels or ALP sensitivity. We conclude that the acquired resistance of S49 cells to ALP is associated with down-regulated SM synthesis and Fas gene transcription and that SM in lipid rafts stabilizes Fas expression at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn Adam
- Department of Urology, Childrens Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
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