1
|
Xiang Y, Fan D, An Q, Zhang T, Wu X, Ding J, Xu X, Yue G, Tang S, Du Q, Xu J, Xie R. Effects of Ion-Transporting Proteins on the Digestive System Under Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:870243. [PMID: 36187789 PMCID: PMC9515906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.870243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia refers to a state of oxygen limitation, which mainly mediates pathological processes in the human body and participates in the regulation of normal physiological processes. In the hypoxic environment, the main regulator of human body homeostasis is the hypoxia-inducible factor family (HIF). HIF can regulate the expression of many hypoxia-induced genes and then participate in various physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Ion-transporting proteins are extremely important types of proteins. Ion-transporting proteins are distributed on cell membranes or organelles and strictly control the inflow or outflow of ions in cells or organelles. Changes in ions in cells are often closely related to extensive physiological and pathological processes in the human body. Numerous studies have confirmed that hypoxia and its regulatory factors can regulate the transcription and expression of ion-transporting protein-related genes. Under hypoxic stress, the regulation and interaction of ion-transporting proteins by hypoxia often leads to diseases of various human systems and even tumors. Using ion-transporting proteins and hypoxia as targets to explore the mechanism of digestive system diseases and targeted therapy is expected to become a new breakthrough point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Dongdong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Qimin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Xianli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Gengyu Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Siqi Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Xu, ; Rui Xie,
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Xu, ; Rui Xie,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Actin Polymerization Is Required for Filopodia Formation Supporting HSV-1 Entry into Activated T Cells. Curr Microbiol 2021; 79:23. [PMID: 34905091 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02716-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced HSV-1 production is found in activated T-lymphocytes, but the mechanism is still unknown. In this paper, the HSV-1 entry step in CD3+CD4-CD8-Jurkat T lymphocytes was investigated. Observation under electron microscopy revealed the level of filopodia formation on the surface of activated Jurkat cells was significantly higher than that of non-activated Jurkat cells especially after adding HSV-1 for 15 min. A significant increase of actin protein was demonstrated in HSV-1 infected, activated Jurkat cells compared to HSV-1 infected, non-activated Jurkat cells. After the cells were treated with 2.5 and 5 µg/mL cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization that causes depolymerization of actin's filamentous form, the actin protein was decreased significantly, resulting in an absence of filopodia formation. In summary, this is the first study revealing that HSV-1 induced filopodia formation through actin polymerization in activated T cells similar to epithelial, mucosal and neuronal cells. This phenomenon supported the virus entry resulting to increased yield of HSV-1 production.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kawaguchi K, Kaneko S. Notch Signaling and Liver Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:69-80. [PMID: 33034027 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between liver cells are closely regulated by Notch signaling. Notch signaling has been reported clinically related to bile duct hypogenesis in Alagille syndrome, which is caused by mutations in the Jagged1 gene. Notch activation and hepatocarcinogenesis are closely associated since cancer signaling is affected by the development of liver cells and cancer stem cells. Gene expression and genomic analysis using a microarray revealed that abnormalities in Notch-related genes were associated with the aggressiveness of liver cancer. This pattern was also accompanied with α-fetoprotein- and EpCAM-expressing phenotypes in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical tissues. Hepatitis B or C virus chronic infection or alcohol- or steatosis-related liver fibrosis induces liver cancer. Previous reports demonstrated that HBx, a hepatitis B virus protein, was associated with Jagged1 expression. We found that the Jagged1 and Notch1 signaling pathways were closely associated with the transcription of covalently closed circular hepatitis B virus DNA, which regulated cAMP response element-binding protein, thereby affecting Notch1 regulation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. This viral pathogenesis in hepatocytes induces liver cancer. In conclusion, Notch signaling exerts various actions and is a clinical signature associated with hepatocarcinogenesis and liver context-related developmental function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Kawaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chow AKM, Yau SWL, Ng L. Novel molecular targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:589-605. [PMID: 32879846 PMCID: PMC7443834 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i8.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer and cancer-related deaths. The therapeutic efficacy of locoregional and systemic treatment in patients with advanced HCC remains low, which results in a poor prognosis. The development of sorafenib for the treatment of HCC has resulted in a new era of molecular targeted therapy for this disease. However, the median overall survival was reported to be barely higher in the sorafenib treatment group than in the control group. Hence, in this review we describe the importance of developing more effective targeted therapies for the management of advanced HCC. Recent investigations of molecular signaling pathways in several cancers have provided some insights into developing molecular therapies that target critical members of these signaling pathways. Proteins involved in the Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways, Polo-like kinase 1, arginine, histone deacetylases and Glypican-3 can be potential targets in the treatment of HCC. Monotherapy has limited therapeutic efficacy due to the development of inhibitory feedback mechanisms and induction of chemoresistance. Thus, emphasis is now on the development of personalized and combination molecular targeted therapies that can serve as ideal therapeutic strategies for improved management of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Ka-Man Chow
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Wing-Lung Yau
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lui Ng
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hemati H, Kaur J, Sobti RC, Trehanpati N. Inhibition of NOTCH signaling pathway chemosensitizes HCC CD133 + cells to vincristine and 5-fluorouracil through upregulation of BBC3. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:941-947. [PMID: 32173531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the poor response to the chemotherapeutic agents is partially attributed to the chemoresistance property of cancer stem cells (CSCs). NOTCH signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the chemoresistance through the maintenance of the CSCs. We observed that the NOTCH pathway was activated in HCC CD133+ cells treated with vincristine (VIN)1 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)2. Therefore, we examined whether inhibition of the NOTCH can improve sensitization of HCC CD133+ cells to VIN and 5-FU. The Huh7 cell line was pre-incubated γ-secretase DAPT, as a NOTCH inhibitor, and then treated with IC50 dose of VIN or 5-FU. The CD133+ cells were then isolated and analyzed for the cell viability, apoptosis, migration and spheroid formation capacities, and gene and protein expression. It was observed that pre-incubation with DAPT significantly downregulated the expression of NOTCH-related genes and led to a significant reduction in VIN- and 5-FU-CD133+ population. In addition, DAPT pre-incubated VIN- and 5-FU-treated-CD133+ cells formed fewer spheroids in 3D culture and had a lesser migration capacity in 2D culture. Importantly, DAPT enhanced the apoptosis rate of VIN- and 5-FU-treated CD133+ cells for 3- and 2-fold, which was correlated with the enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic BBC3 (BCL-2-binding component 3) and decreased expression of HES1 that was reported to regulate BBC3 negatively. Collectively, it was observed that NOTCH inhibition sensitized the HCC CD133+ cells to VIN and 5-FU through enhancing BBC3-mediated apoptosis. The results highlighted the role of NOTCH/HES1/BBC3 axis in resistance of CD133+ cells to VIN and 5-FU. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in HCC CD133+ cells may help in designing the novel targeted therapies to chemosensitize them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hemati
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - R C Sobti
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng CW, Leong KW, Tse E. Understanding the role of PIN1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9921-9932. [PMID: 28018099 PMCID: PMC5143759 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i45.9921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PIN1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that binds and catalyses isomerization of the specific motif comprising a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue preceding a proline (pSer/Thr-Pro) in proteins. PIN1 can therefore induce conformational and functional changes of its interacting proteins that are regulated by proline-directed serine/threonine phosphorylation. Through this phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerization, PIN1 fine-tunes the functions of key phosphoproteins (e.g., cyclin D1, survivin, β-catenin and x-protein of hepatitis B virus) that are involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression, apoptosis, proliferation and oncogenic transformation. PIN1 has been found to be over-expressed in many cancers, including human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been shown previously that overexpression of PIN1 contributes to the development of HCC in-vitro and in xenograft mouse model. In this review, we first discussed the aberrant transcription factor expression, miRNAs dysregulation, PIN1 gene promoter polymorphisms and phosphorylation of PIN1 as potential mechanisms underlying PIN1 overexpression in cancers. Furthermore, we also examined the role of PIN1 in HCC tumourigenesis by reviewing the interactions between PIN1 and various cellular and viral proteins that are involved in β-catenin, NOTCH, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, apoptosis, angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Finally, the potential of PIN1 inhibitors as an anti-cancer therapy was explored and discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang J, Chen Y, Li J, Zhang K, Chen J, Chen D, Feng B, Song H, Feng J, Wang R, Chen L. Notch-1 Confers Chemoresistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma to Taxanes through AP-1/microRNA-451 Mediated Regulation of MDR-1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e375. [PMID: 27727250 PMCID: PMC5095685 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that expression of Notch-1 is associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) patients. The aim of this study is to reveal whether Notch-1 was associated with Taxanes-resistant LAD and, the underlying mechanisms. We collected 39 patients of advanced LAD treated with Taxanes and found that positive Notch-1 expression is closely related to LAD lymph node metastasis, recurrence and poorer prognosis, and Notch-1 acts as an independent poor prognostic factor in LAD by multivariate analysis with Cox regression model. Then, by using the Docetaxel (DTX)-resistant LAD cell lines that we established previously, we found that Notch-1 contributes to resistance of LAD cells to DTX in vitro, and inhibition of Notch-1 sensitizes LAD to DTX in vivo. We further demonstrated that Notch-1 mediates chemoresistance response and strengthens proliferation capacity in LAD cells partially through negative regulation of miR-451 by transcription factor AP-1. Moreover, we found that MDR-1 is a direct target of miR-451 and influences chemoresistance of LAD cells. Taken together, our data revealed a novel Notch-1/AP-1/miR-451/MDR-1 signaling axis, and suggested a new therapeutic strategy of combining DTX with Notch inhibitors to treat DTX-resistant LAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yitian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongqin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haizhu Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khunsap S, Khow O, Buranapraditkun S, Suntrarachun S, Puthong S, Boonchang S. Anticancer properties of phospholipase A2 from Daboia siamensis venom on human skin melanoma cells. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2016; 22:7. [PMID: 26884744 PMCID: PMC4754985 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a major component of the Daboia siamensis venom, which is able to hydrolyse the membrane of various cells. For this reason, the activity of PLA2 was investigated regarding its pharmaceutical properties. This study was conducted to explore the pharmacological properties of a PLA2 from Daboia siamensis (dssPLA2) venom on human skin melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28). Methods dssPLA2 was isolated by ion exchange and gel filtration columns. Various concentrations of dssPLA2 were investigated for cytotoxic activity and inhibition of migration on SK-MEL-28 cells. Cell death analysis, mRNA expression levels of Notch I-III and BRAF V600E genes were also determined. Results dssPLA2 exhibited cytotoxicity on SK-MEL-28 for 24 and 72 h as compared with untreated cells. However, it had no toxic effects on CCD-1064sk cells under the same conditions. dssPLA2 (0.25 and 0.5 μg/mL) induced 17.16 and 30.60 % of apoptosis, while activated 6.53 and 7.05 % of necrotic cells. dssPLA2 at 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 μg/mL could inhibit migration on SK-MEL-28 cells for 24 h by 31.06, 41.66, 50 and 68.75 %, respectively. The action of dssPLA2 significantly reduced the levels of Notch I and BRAF V600E genes expression on SK-MEL-28 cells compared with untreated cells at 72 h. Conclusions This study indicates that dssPLA2 had potential effects of apoptosis, necrosis, cytotoxicity and inhibition of migration on SK-MEL-28 cells. dssPLA2 could possibly be a selective agent that targets cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40409-016-0061-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Khunsap
- Research and Development, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Orawan Khow
- Research and Development, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular Immunology Laboratory Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Sunutcha Suntrarachun
- Research and Development, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University Institute, Building 3, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Supatsorn Boonchang
- Research and Development, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen M, Zhang J, Hu F, Liu S, Zhou Z. Metformin affects the features of a human hepatocellular cell line (HepG2) by regulating macrophage polarization in a co-culture microenviroment. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:781-9. [PMID: 26467463 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests an association between diabetes and cancer. Inflammation is a key event that underlies the pathological processes of the two diseases. Metformin displays anti-cancer effects, but the mechanism is not completely clear. This study investigated whether metformin regulated the microenvironment of macrophage polarization to affect the characteristics of HepG2 cells and the possible role of the Notch-signalling pathway. METHODS RAW264.7 macrophages were cultured alone or co-cultured with HepG2 cells and treated with metformin. We analysed classical (M1) and alternative (M2) gene expression in RAW264.7 cells using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in mRNA and protein expressions of Notch signalling in both cell types were also detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western-blotting analyses. The proliferation, apoptosis and migration of HepG2 cells were detected using Cell Titer 96 AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay (MTS) (Promega Corporation, Fitchburg, WI, USA), Annexin V-FITC/PI (7SeaPharmTech, Shanghai, China) and the cell scratch assay, respectively. RESULTS Metformin induced single-cultured RAW264.7 macrophages with an M2 phenotype but attenuated the M2 macrophage differentiation and inhibited monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion in a co-culture system. The co-cultured group of metformin pretreatment activated Notch signalling in macrophages but repressed it inHepG2 cells. Co-culture also promoted the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. However, along with the enhanced apoptosis, the proliferation and the migration of HepG2 cells were remarkably inhibited in another co-culture system with metformin pretreatment. CONCLUSIONS Metformin can skew RAW264.7 macrophages toward different phenotypes according to changes in the microenvironment, which may affect the inflammatory conditions mediated by macrophages, induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. Notch signalling pathway is a potentially important mechanism in the regulation of metformin on macrophage polarization and the subsequent change of hepatoma cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaojiao Chen
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Diabetes Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Diabetes Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Diabetes Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Receptor channel TRPC6 orchestrate the activation of human hepatic stellate cell under hypoxia condition. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:66-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
11
|
ZHANG JUNLI, TU KANGSHENG, YANG WEI, LI CHAO, YAO YINGMIN, ZHENG XIN, LIU QINGGUANG. Evaluation of Jagged2 and Gli1 expression and their correlation with prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:749-54. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
12
|
Ortica S, Tarantino N, Aulner N, Israël A, Gupta-Rossi N. The 4 Notch receptors play distinct and antagonistic roles in the proliferation and hepatocytic differentiation of liver progenitors. FASEB J 2013; 28:603-14. [PMID: 24145721 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-235903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is involved in liver development and regeneration. Here, we investigate the role of the 4 mammalian Notch paralogs in the regulation of hepatoblast proliferation and hepatocytic differentiation. Our model is based on bipotential mouse embryonic liver (BMEL) progenitors that can differentiate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes in vitro and in vivo. BMEL cells were subjected to Notch antagonists or agonists. Blocking Notch activation with a γ-secretase inhibitor, at 50 μM for 48 h, reduced cell growth by 50%. S-phase entry was impaired, but no apoptosis was induced. A systematic paralog-specific strategy was set using lentiviral transduction with constitutively active forms of each Notch receptor along with inhibition of endogenous Notch signaling. This assay demonstrates that proliferation of BMEL cells requires Notch2 and Notch4 activity, resulting in significant down-regulation of p27(Kip1) and p57(Kip2) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Conversely, Notch3-expressing cells proliferate less and express 3-fold higher levels of p57(Kip2). The Notch3 cells present a hepatocyte-like morphology, enhanced multinucleation, and a ploidy shift. Moreover, Notch3 activity is conducive to hepatocytic differentiation in vitro, while its paralogs impede this fate. Our study provides the first evidence of a functional diversity among the mammalian Notch homologues in the proliferation and hepatocytic-lineage commitment of liver progenitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ortica
- 1Unité de Signalisation Moléculaire et Activation Cellulaire, URA 2582 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
High NOTCH activity induces radiation resistance in non small cell lung cancer. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:440-445. [PMID: 23891097 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with advanced NSCLC have survival rates <15%. The NOTCH pathway plays an important role during lung development and physiology but is often deregulated in lung cancer, making it a potential therapeutic target. We investigated NOTCH signaling in NSCLC and hypothesized that high NOTCH activity contributes to radiation resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS NOTCH signaling in NSCLC patient samples was investigated using quantitative RT-PCR. H460 NSCLC cells with either high or blocked NOTCH activity were generated and their radiation sensitivity monitored using clonogenic assays. In vivo, xenograft tumors were irradiated and response assessed using growth delay. Microenvironmental parameters were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Patients with high NOTCH activity in tumors showed significantly worse disease-free survival. In vitro, NOTCH activity did not affect the proliferation or intrinsic radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. In contrast, xenografts with blocked NOTCH activity grew slower than wild type tumors. Tumors with high NOTCH activity grew significantly faster, were more hypoxic and showed a radioresistant phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate an important role for NOTCH in tumor growth and correlate high NOTCH activity with poor prognosis and radioresistance. Blocking NOTCH activity in NSCLC might be a promising intervention to improve outcome after radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu SD, Liu FY, Wang QR. Notch inhibitor: a promising carcinoma radiosensitizer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:5345-51. [PMID: 23317182 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.11.5345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important part of modern cancer management for many malignancies, and enhancing the radiosensitivity of tumor cells is critical for effective cancer therapies. The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in regulation of numerous fundamental cellular processes. Further, there is accumulating evidence that dysregulated Notch activity is involved in the genesis of many human cancers. As such, Notch inhibitors are attractive therapeutic agents, although as for other anticancer agents, they exhibit significant and potential side effects. Thus, Notch inhibitors may be best used in combination with other agents or therapy. Herein, we describe evidence supporting the use of Notch inhibitors as novel and potent radiosensitizers in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Dong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qu X, Afelik S, Jensen JN, Bukys MA, Kobberup S, Schmerr M, Xiao F, Nyeng P, Veronica Albertoni M, Grapin-Botton A, Jensen J. Notch-mediated post-translational control of Ngn3 protein stability regulates pancreatic patterning and cell fate commitment. Dev Biol 2013; 376:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
16
|
GSI-I has a better effect in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth than GSI-IX, GSI-X, or GSI-XXI. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:683-90. [PMID: 22569108 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283549a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current studies are ongoing to find new drugs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The discovery of drugs depends on the identification of molecules that can play essential roles in the development of liver cancer, for example, Notch pathway molecules. γ-Secretase inhibitors (GSIs) can inhibit the cleavage of intramembranous substrates of all Notch receptors and subsequently suppress Notch signaling. However, whether the inhibition of the Notch pathway can suppress or promote HCC growth is still under debate. In this study, we examined the expression of Notch pathway molecules in 20 pairs of HCC tissue with their normal counterparts and a panel of eight HCC cell lines. We also determined the effects of different types of GSI treatments on the cell growth of those HCC cell lines. Our results showed that the molecules of the Notch pathway were expressed in six of the eight HCC cell lines. Those six HCC cell lines were more sensitive to GSI-I treatment than the nonexpression ones. Among the four inhibitors, GSI-X and GSI-XXI exerted no effect on HCC cells growth at all. GSI-IX inhibited the growth of four HCC cell lines at 40 μmol/l. In contrast, most of these HCC cell lines were susceptible to a low concentration of GSI-I (1.2 μmol/l) treatment. The suppressive effect of GSI-I on cell growth was because of the inhibition of C-Myc, a Notch target gene. In addition, 80% (16/20) of the specimens showed either an increased expression of at least one Notch receptor or an augmented expression of Jagged1 compared with their normal counterparts. Our study reports for the first time that different kinds of GSIs can block the growth of several HCC cell lines. Our finding suggests that GSI-I is a potential chemical reagent and warrants additional testing in liver cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu S, Zhang R, Liu F, Wang H, Wu J, Wang Y. Notch inhibition suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma by depleting cancer stem-like side population cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:561-6. [PMID: 22641197 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) is responsible for the initiation, proliferation and radiation resistance. Side population (SP) cells are a rare subset of cells enriched with CSCs. The targeting of key signaling pathways that are active in CSCs is a therapeutic approach to treating cancer. Notch signaling is important for the self-renewal and maintenance of stem cells. Our previous studies demonstrated that downregulation of Notch signaling could enhance radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. In this study, we found that Notch signaling was highly activated in SP cells compared with that of non-SP (NSP) cells of NPC. Therefore, Notch inhibition could reduce the proportion of SP cells. As SP cells decreased, proliferation, anti-apoptosis and tumorigenesis were also decreased. This study shows that Notch inhibition may be a promising clinical approach in CSC-targeting therapy for NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Strosberg JR, Yeatman T, Weber J, Coppola D, Schell MJ, Han G, Almhanna K, Kim R, Valone T, Jump H, Sullivan D. A phase II study of RO4929097 in metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:997-1003. [PMID: 22445247 PMCID: PMC4522922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Notch signalling pathway is activated in a variety of malignancies and has been implicated in colorectal cancer progression. One of the first steps in the Notch pathway activation is mediated by γ-secretase, a proteolytic enzyme which produces an activated intracellular Notch (ICN). RO4929097 is a selective inhibitor of γ-secretase. We tested the activity of RO4929097 in patients with metastatic, refractory colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had received at least two prior lines of systemic chemotherapy were enrolled on the study. Patients were treated with RO4929097 at its recommended phase II dose of 20mg daily, 3 days on and 4 days off continuously. Cycle length was 28 days. Imaging was performed every two cycles. Archival tissue specimens were stained immunohistochemically for components of the notch pathway: Notch1, ICN and the downstream target HES1. RESULTS Thirty-seven patients were enrolled of whom 33 were evaluable for toxicity and response. Immunohistochemical analysis of archival tissues demonstrated positive staining for the notch receptor as well as intracellular notch and the downstream gene HES1 in the majority of patients. Nevertheless, no objective radiographic responses were observed in this group and only six patients had stable disease as their best response. Median PFS was 1.8 months and median overall survival (OS) was 6.0 months. CONCLUSION In this study of RO4929097 in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, no radiographic responses were seen and time to progression was short, which suggests that RO4929097 at the study dose and schedule has minimal single agent activity in this malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Strosberg
- Dept of GI Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Groth C, Fortini ME. Therapeutic approaches to modulating Notch signaling: current challenges and future prospects. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:465-72. [PMID: 22309842 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated Notch signaling has been implicated in numerous human diseases, including a broad spectrum of cancers. Mutations in Notch1 are prevalent in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and abnormal expression of different human Notch receptors contributes to B-cell tumors as well as cancers of the breast, lung, pancreas, skin, prostate, colon, brain and other tissues. Several γ-secretase inhibitors, small chemical compounds that were initially developed to inhibit the activity of the γ-secretase aspartyl protease in Alzheimer's disease, are now being explored for their potential chemotherapeutic applications in Notch-associated cancers. An alternative approach involves the development of antibodies to inhibit specific Notch receptors, their activating ligands, or other components of the Notch pathway in tumors. Here we review recent progress and current challenges in the use of these strategies to modulate Notch signaling for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Groth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu SK, Bham SAS, Fokas E, Beech J, Im J, Cho S, Harris AL, Muschel RJ. Delta-like ligand 4-notch blockade and tumor radiation response. J Natl Cancer Inst 2011; 103:1778-98. [PMID: 22010178 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djr419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microenvironment plays an important role in regulating tumor response to radiotherapy. Ionizing radiation can disrupt tumor vasculature, and Notch pathway inhibition can interfere with functional angiogenesis. We explored the potential cooperativity between Notch inhibition and ionizing radiation in delaying tumor growth. METHODS Human colorectal carcinoma LS174T cells, which express the Notch ligand delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), and human head and neck cancer FaDu cells, which do not, were grown as subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. The mice were treated with dibenzazepine (DBZ), a γ-secretase inhibitor that blocks all Notch signaling, or a DLL4-specific blocking monoclonal antibody, alone or in combination with ionizing radiation (n = 5-10 mice per group), and response was assessed by tumor growth delay. Microbubble contrast Doppler ultrasound was used to measure tumor blood flow. Tumor Notch activity was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence from a Notch luciferase reporter. Vessel density was assessed using Chalkley vessel counting. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS In LS174T xenografts, the average time for tumor volumes to reach four times the starting volume was longer for mice treated with the DLL4 monoclonal antibody than for mice treated with DBZ (16.4 vs 9.5 days, difference = 6.9 days, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.7 to 10.1 days, P < .001). Both Notch inhibitors suppressed tumor Notch activity within 24 hours of administration compared with vehicle (change in luciferase activity, vehicle vs DBZ: 103% vs 28%, difference = 75%, 95% CI = 39% to 109%, P = .002; vehicle vs DLL4 antibody: 172% vs 26%, difference = 146%, 95% CI = 86% to 205%, P < .001). Administration of the DLL4 antibody or DBZ after ionizing radiation resulted in a supra-additive growth delay compared with vehicle (vehicle vs DLL4 antibody + ionizing radiation: 6.8 vs 44.3 days, difference = 37.5 days, 95% CI = 32 to 43 days, P < .001; vehicle vs DBZ + ionizing radiation: 7.1 vs 24.4 days, difference = 17.3 days, 95% CI = 15.9 to 18.6 days, P < .001). Treatment of mice with the DLL4 antibody alone or in combination with ionizing radiation increased tumor vessel density but reduced tumor blood flow. Combination therapy with DLL4 antibody and ionizing radiation resulted in extensive tumor necrosis in LS174T xenografts and enhanced tumor growth delay in FaDu xenografts. CONCLUSION The combination of specific DLL4-Notch blockade and ionizing radiation impairs tumor growth by promoting nonfunctional tumor angiogenesis and extensive tumor necrosis, independent of tumor DLL4 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley K Liu
- DPhil, Molecular Oncology Unit, The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kuncharin Y, Sangphech N, Kueanjinda P, Bhattarakosol P, Palaga T. MAML1 regulates cell viability via the NF-κB pathway in cervical cancer cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:1830-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
22
|
Wang Z, Li Y, Sarkar FH. Notch signaling proteins: legitimate targets for cancer therapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2011; 11:398-408. [PMID: 20491628 DOI: 10.2174/138920310791824039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins and small peptides (growth factors and hormones) are key molecules in maintaining cellular homeostasis. To that end, Notch signaling pathway proteins are known to play critical roles in maintaining the balance between cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and thus it has been suggested that Notch may be responsible for the development and progression of human malignancies. Therefore, the Notch signaling pathway proteins may present novel therapeutic targets, which could have promising therapeutic impact on eradicating human malignancies. This review describes the role of Notch signaling pathway proteins in cancer and how its deregulation is involved in tumor development and progression leading to metastasis and the ultimate demise of patients diagnosed with cancer. Further, we summarize the role of several Notch inhibitors especially "natural agents" that could represent novel therapeutic strategies targeting Notch signaling toward better treatment outcome of patients diagnosed with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 9374 Scott Hall, 540 E Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ma D, Zhu Y, Ji C, Hou M. Targeting the Notch signaling pathway in autoimmune diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:553-65. [DOI: 10.1517/14728221003752750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
24
|
Arslanova D, Yang T, Xu X, Wong ST, Augelli-Szafran CE, Xia W. Phenotypic analysis of images of zebrafish treated with Alzheimer's gamma-secretase inhibitors. BMC Biotechnol 2010; 10:24. [PMID: 20307292 PMCID: PMC2851663 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) are in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This enzyme mediates the proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to generate amyloid β protein, Aβ, the pathogenic protein in AD. The γ-secretase also cleaves Notch to generate Notch Intracellular domain (NICD), the signaling molecule that is implicated in tumorigenesis. Results We have developed a method to examine live zebrafish that were each treated with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI), DAPT {N- [N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-Butyl Ester}, Gleevec, or fragments of Gleevec. These compounds were first tested in a cell-based assay and the effective concentrations of these compounds that blocked Aβ generation were quantitated. The mortality of zebrafish, as a result of exposure to different doses of compound, was assessed, and any apoptotic processes were examined by TUNEL staining. We then used conventional and automatic microscopes to acquire images of zebrafish and applied algorithms to automate image composition and processing. Zebrafish were treated in 96- or 384-well plates, and the phenotypes were analyzed at 2, 3 and 5 days post fertilization (dpf). We identified that AD95, a fragment of Gleevec, effectively blocks Aβ production and causes specific phenotypes that were different from those treated with DAPT. Finally, we validated the specificity of two Notch phenotypes (pigmentation and the curvature of tail/trunk) induced by DAPT in a dose-dependent manner. These phenotypes were examined in embryos treated with GSIs or AD95 at increasing concentrations. The expression levels of Notch target gene her6 were also measured by in situ hybridization and the co-relationship between the levels of Notch inhibition by DAPT and AD95 and the severity of phenotypes were determined. Conclusion The results reported here of the effects on zebrafish suggest that this newly developed method may be used to screen novel GSIs and other leads for a variety of therapeutic indications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilyara Arslanova
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chigurupati S, Venkataraman R, Barrera D, Naganathan A, Madan M, Paul L, Pattisapu JV, Kyriazis GA, Sugaya K, Bushnev S, Lathia JD, Rich JN, Chan SL. Receptor channel TRPC6 is a key mediator of Notch-driven glioblastoma growth and invasiveness. Cancer Res 2009; 70:418-27. [PMID: 20028870 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and incurable type of brain tumor of adults. Hypoxia has been shown to direct GBM toward a more aggressive and malignant state. Here we show that hypoxia increases Notch1 activation, which in turn induces the expression of transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) in primary samples and cell lines derived from GBM. TRPC6 is required for the development of the aggressive phenotype because knockdown of TRPC6 expression inhibits glioma growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. Functionally, TRPC6 causes a sustained elevation of intracellular calcium that is coupled to the activation of the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT) pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway substantially reduces the development of the malignant GBM phenotypes under hypoxia. Clinically, expression of TRPC6 was elevated in GBM specimens in comparison with normal tissues. Collectively, our studies indicate that TRPC6 is a key mediator of tumor growth of GBM in vitro and in vivo and that TRPC6 may be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of human GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasulu Chigurupati
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Magri M, Yatim A, Benne C, Balbo M, Henry A, Serraf A, Sakano S, Gazzolo L, Lévy Y, Lelièvre JD. Notch ligands potentiate IL-7-driven proliferation and survival of human thymocyte precursors. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1231-40. [PMID: 19350552 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Notch and IL-7 are both well-characterized factors involved in T-cell development. In contrast to the mouse model, their precise requirements in the differentiation and/or proliferation of various stages of human thymic development have not been fully explored. Here, we demonstrate that IL-7 alone is sufficient to induce the differentiation of ex vivo purified CD34(+) triple negative (TN) surface (s) CD3(-) CD4(-)CD8(-) (CD3(-)CD4(-)CD8(-)), CD4 immature single positive (ISP) (sCD3(-)CD4(+)CD8(-)) and double positive (DP) (sCD3(-)CD4(+)CD8(+)) human thymic precursors to mature DP expressing sCD3 (sCD3(+)CD4(+)CD8(+)). We show that activation of Notch signaling by its ligands Delta-1 or Delta-4 potentiates IL-7-driven proliferation and survival of CD34(+) TN and to a lesser extent of CD4(+) ISP precursors. This effect of Notch is related to a sustained induction of IL-7 receptor alpha chain expression on thymocytes through a decreased methylation of its gene promoter. Thus, we show here that proliferation and differentiation of T-cell precursors are differentially modulated by IL-7 depending on the presence or absence of external signals. These results may have important implications for the clinical use of this cytokine as a strategy aimed at improving immune restoration.
Collapse
|