1
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Cai Y, Karmakar B, Babalghith AO, Batiha GES, AlSalem HS, El-Kott AF, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI. Decorated Au NPs on lignin coated magnetic nanoparticles: Investigation of its catalytic application in the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds and its performance against human lung cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1067-1082. [PMID: 36368366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, bio-functionalized noble metal doped advanced magnetics nanocomposite materials has been materialized as potential featured catalysts in diverse applications. In this connection, we report herein a novel biogenic lignin driven Au nanoparticle supported Fe3O4 composite material. The procedure is free from any harsh reducing or stabilizing agent. Morphology and structural features were assessed following different physicochemical methodologies like FT-IR, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, VSM and ICP-OES techniques. Thereafter, the [Fe3O4/Lignin/Au] material was successfully employed in the efficient reduction of different nitroarenes in aqueous medium. The process was monitored over UV-Vis spectroscopic study. Excellent yields were achieved with a range of diverse functionalized nitroarenes within 10-45 min of reaction. The nanocatalyst was recycled 10 times without any significant loss of catalytic activity. Distinctiveness of the material's activity was validated by comparing the results in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. Furthermore, the prepared [Fe3O4/Lignin/Au] nanocomposite system exhibited outstanding antioxidant and anticancer effects against five lung cancer cell lines, such as, BICR 3, BICR 78, CALU 1, ChaGo-K-1, and A549. Cytotoxicity assay was determined in terms of % cell viability following MTT protocol. The corresponding IC50 values were obtained as 47, 31, 19, 25, and 31 μg/mL respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Medical School, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bikash Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Gobardanga Hindu College, 24 Parganas (North), India
| | - Ahmad O Babalghith
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Huda S AlSalem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ali A Shati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag Eldin I Elbehairi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Cell Culture Lab, Egyptian Organization for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA Holding Company), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St., Agouza, Giza, Egypt.
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2
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Furman O, Zaporozhets A, Tobi D, Bazylevich A, Firer MA, Patsenker L, Gellerman G, Lubin BCR. Novel Cyclic Peptides for Targeting EGFR and EGRvIII Mutation for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071505. [PMID: 35890400 PMCID: PMC9318536 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor–epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-EGFR) pathway has become the main focus of selective chemotherapeutic intervention. As a result, two classes of EGFR inhibitors have been clinically approved, namely monoclonal antibodies and small molecule kinase inhibitors. Despite an initial good response rate to these drugs, most patients develop drug resistance. Therefore, new treatment approaches are needed. In this work, we aimed to find a new EGFR-specific, short cyclic peptide, which could be used for targeted drug delivery. Phage display peptide technology and biopanning were applied to three EGFR expressing cells, including cells expressing the EGFRvIII mutation. DNA from the internalized phage was extracted and the peptide inserts were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Eleven peptides were selected for further investigation using binding, internalization, and competition assays, and the results were confirmed by confocal microscopy and peptide docking. Among these eleven peptides, seven showed specific and selective binding and internalization into EGFR positive (EGFR+ve) cells, with two of them—P6 and P9—also demonstrating high specificity for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and glioblastoma cells, respectively. These peptides were chemically conjugated to camptothecin (CPT). The conjugates were more cytotoxic to EGFR+ve cells than free CPT. Our results describe a novel cyclic peptide, which can be used for targeted drug delivery to cells overexpressing the EGFR and EGFRvIII mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Furman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (O.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Agriculture and Oenology Department, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Alisa Zaporozhets
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (A.Z.); (A.B.); (L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Dror Tobi
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Andrii Bazylevich
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (A.Z.); (A.B.); (L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Michael A. Firer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (O.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Leonid Patsenker
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (A.Z.); (A.B.); (L.P.); (G.G.)
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (A.Z.); (A.B.); (L.P.); (G.G.)
- Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Bat Chen R. Lubin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (O.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Agriculture and Oenology Department, Eastern Regional R&D Center, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-50-6554655
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3
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Zhang QT, Liu ZD, Wang Z, Wang T, Wang N, Wang N, Zhang B, Zhao YF. Recent Advances in Small Peptides of Marine Origin in Cancer Therapy. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020115. [PMID: 33669851 PMCID: PMC7923226 DOI: 10.3390/md19020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and antineoplastic drug research continues to be a major field in medicine development. The marine milieu has thousands of biological species that are a valuable source of novel functional proteins and peptides, which have been used in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer. In contrast with proteins and polypeptides, small peptides (with a molecular weight of less than 1000 Da) have overwhelming advantages, such as preferential and fast absorption, which can decrease the burden on human gastrointestinal function. Besides, these peptides are only connected by a few peptide bonds, and their small molecular weight makes it easy to modify and synthesize them. Specifically, small peptides can deliver nutrients and drugs to cells and tissues in the body. These characteristics make them stand out in relation to targeted drug therapy. Nowadays, the anticancer mechanisms of the small marine peptides are still largely not well understood; however, several marine peptides have been applied in preclinical treatment. This paper highlights the anticancer linear and cyclic small peptides in marine resources and presents a review of peptides and the derivatives and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ting Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Q.-T.Z.); (T.W.); (Y.-F.Z.)
| | - Ze-Dong Liu
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Z.-D.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ze Wang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Z.-D.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Q.-T.Z.); (T.W.); (Y.-F.Z.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Quality Assurance Department, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Q.-T.Z.); (T.W.); (Y.-F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China; (Z.-D.L.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (B.Z.)
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (Q.-T.Z.); (T.W.); (Y.-F.Z.)
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4
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Kalishwaralal K, Luboshits G, Firer MA. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticle: Peptide-Drug Conjugates for Targeted Drug Delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2059:145-154. [PMID: 31435919 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9798-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are being developed for the targeted delivery of drugs to cancer cells. Several approaches are being followed to enhance their stability in biological solutions. Here we describe an effective method to easily couple PDCs to polyethylene-coated gold nanoparticles. We also outline analytical methods to validate the coupling and assays to measure the stability and cytotoxic efficacy of the conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kalishwaralal
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Biotechnology and Materials), Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - G Luboshits
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Biotechnology and Materials), Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - M A Firer
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Biotechnology and Materials), Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
- Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Patsenker
- Department of Natural SciencesAriel University Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Natural SciencesAriel University Ariel 40700 Israel
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6
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Singh R. Nanotechnology based therapeutic application in cancer diagnosis and therapy. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:415. [PMID: 31696020 PMCID: PMC6811486 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the lack of early diagnosis, cancer remains as one of the leading cause of human mortality. Inability to translate research into clinical trials and also inability of chemotherapeutics delivery to targeted tumor sites are major drawbacks in cancer therapeutics. With the emergence of nanomedicine, several nanoprobes (conjugated with targeting ligands and chemotherapeutic drugs) are developed. It can interact with biological system and thus sense and monitor the biological events with high efficiency and accuracy along with therapy application. Nanoparticles like gold and iron oxide are frequently used in the computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging applications, respectively. Moreover, enzymatic activity of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles enables the visible colorimetric diagnostic of cancer cells, whereas, fluorescence property of quantum dots and upconversion nanoparticles helps in in vivo imaging application. Other than this, drug conjugation with nanoparticles also reduces the systemic toxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Due to their several unique intrinsic properties, nanoparticles itself can also be employed as therapeutics in cancer treatment by photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Thus, the main focus of this review is to emphasize on current progress in diagnostic and therapeutic application of nanoprobes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Singh
- School of Agriculture Science, Liaocheng University, No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng, Shandong China
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7
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Gocheva G, Peneva K, Ivanova A. Self-assembly of doxorubicin and a drug-binding peptide studied by molecular dynamics. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Gold Nanoparticles in Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Human Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071979. [PMID: 29986450 PMCID: PMC6073740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology for the treatment of cancer is mostly based on early tumor detection and diagnosis by nanodevices capable of selective targeting and delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the specific tumor site. Due to the remarkable properties of gold nanoparticles, they have long been considered as a potential tool for diagnosis of various cancers and for drug delivery applications. These properties include high surface area to volume ratio, surface plasmon resonance, surface chemistry and multi-functionalization, facile synthesis, and stable nature. Moreover, the non-toxic and non-immunogenic nature of gold nanoparticles and the high permeability and retention effect provide additional benefits by enabling easy penetration and accumulation of drugs at the tumor sites. Various innovative approaches with gold nanoparticles are under development. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress made in the application of gold nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer by tumor detection, drug delivery, imaging, photothermal and photodynamic therapy and their current limitations in terms of bioavailability and the fate of the nanoparticles.
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9
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Therapeutic journery of nitrogen mustard as alkylating anticancer agents: Historic to future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:401-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Kalimuthu K, Lubin BC, Bazylevich A, Gellerman G, Shpilberg O, Luboshits G, Firer MA. Gold nanoparticles stabilize peptide-drug-conjugates for sustained targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:34. [PMID: 29602308 PMCID: PMC5877385 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peptide-drug-conjugates (PDCs) are being developed as an effective strategy to specifically deliver cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells. However one of the challenges to their successful application is the relatively low stability of peptides in the blood, liver and kidneys. Since AuNPs seem to have a longer plasma half-life than PDCs, one approach to overcoming this problem would be to conjugate the PDCs to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as these have demonstrated favorable physico-chemical and safety properties for drug delivery systems. We set out to test whether PEG coated-AuNPs could provide a suitable platform for the non-covalent loading of pre-formed PDCs and whether this modification would affect the bioavailability of the PDCs and their cytotoxicity toward target cancer cells. Methods Peptides specifically internalized by A20 murine lymphoma cells were isolated from a phage library displaying 7mer linear peptides. Peptide specificity was validated by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. PDCs were synthesized containing a selected peptide (P4) and either chlorambucil (Chlor), melphalan (Melph) or bendamustine (Bend). Gold nanoparticles were sequentially coated with citrate, PEG-6000 and then PDC (PDC-PEG-AuNP). The physico-chemical properties of the coated particles were analyzed by electrophoresis, TEM, UV–VIS and FTIR. Stability of free and PDC-coated AuNP was determined. Results Biopanning of the phage library resulted in discovery of several novel peptides that internalized into A20 cells. One of these (P4) was used to synthesize PDCs containing either Chlor, Melph or Bend. All three PDCs specifically killed A20 target cells, however they had short half-lives ranging from 10.6 to 15.4 min. When coated to PEG-AuNPs, the half-lives were extended to 21.0–22.3 h. The PDC-PEG-AuNPs retained cytotoxicity towards the target cells. Moreover, whereas pre-incubation for 24 h of free PDCs almost completely abolished their cytotoxic activity, the PDC-PEG-AuNPs were still active even after 72 h pre-incubation. Conclusions Peptide-drug-conjugates hold potential for improving the target efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs, however their short half-lives may limit their application. This hurdle can be overcome by easily conjugating them to gold nanoparticles. This conjugation also opens up the possibility of developing slow release formulations of targeted drug delivery systems containing PDCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0362-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bat-Chen Lubin
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel.,Eastern R&D Center, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | | | - Gary Gellerman
- Dept. Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ofer Shpilberg
- Tel Aviv & Pre-Med Faculty, Assuta Medical Center, Institute of Hematology, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Galia Luboshits
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michael A Firer
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel. .,Ariel Center for Applied Cancer Research, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
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11
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Bhatia NM, Kulkarni PK, Ashtekar SS, Mahuli DV, Bhatia MS. Synthesis, Characterization, Pharmacokinetics and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity for Docetaxel-Oleate Conjugate Targeting MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Pharm Chem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-018-1730-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Bashari O, Redko B, Cohen A, Luboshits G, Gellerman G, Firer MA. Discovery of peptide drug carrier candidates for targeted multi-drug delivery into prostate cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 408:164-173. [PMID: 28888997 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains essentially incurable. Targeted Drug Delivery (TDD) systems may overcome the limitations of current mCRPC therapies. We describe the use of strict criteria to isolate novel prostate cancer cell targeting peptides that specifically deliver drugs into target cells. Phage from a libraries displaying 7mer peptides were exposed to PC-3 cells and only internalized phage were recovered. The ability of these phage to internalize into other prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, DU-145) was validated. The displayed peptides of selected phage clones were synthesized and their specificity for target cells was validated in vitro and in vivo. One peptide (P12) which specifically targeted PC-3 tumors in vivo was incorporated into mono-drug (Chlorambucil, Combretastatin or Camptothecin) and dual-drug (Chlorambucil/Combretastatin or Chlorambucil/Camptothecin) PDCs and the cytotoxic efficacy of these conjugates for target cells was tested. Conjugation of P12 into dual-drug PDCs allowed discovery of new drug combinations with synergistic effects. The use of strict selection criteria can lead to discovery of novel peptides for use as drug carriers for TDD. PDCs represent an effective alternative to current modes of free drug chemotherapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bashari
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.
| | - B Redko
- Dept. Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.
| | - A Cohen
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.
| | - G Luboshits
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.
| | - G Gellerman
- Dept. Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.
| | - M A Firer
- Dept. Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.
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13
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Gilad Y, Firer M, Gellerman G. Recent Innovations in Peptide Based Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2016; 4:E11. [PMID: 28536378 PMCID: PMC5344250 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines4020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and diagnostic agents conjugated to carrier ligands has made significant progress in recent years, both in regards to the structural design of the conjugates and their biological effectiveness. The goal of targeting specific cell surface receptors through structural compatibility has encouraged the use of peptides as highly specific carriers as short peptides are usually non-antigenic, are structurally simple and synthetically diverse. Recent years have seen many developments in the field of peptide based drug conjugates (PDCs), particularly for cancer therapy, as their use aims to bypass off-target side-effects, reducing the morbidity common to conventional chemotherapy. However, no PDCs have as yet obtained regulatory approval. In this review, we describe the evolution of the peptide-based strategy for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics and discuss recent innovations in the arena that should lead in the near future to their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Gilad
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
| | - Michael Firer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
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14
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Gilad Y, Noy E, Senderowitz H, Albeck A, Firer MA, Gellerman G. Dual-drug RGD conjugates provide enhanced cytotoxicity to melanoma and non-small lung cancer cells. Biopolymers 2016; 106:160-171. [PMID: 26715008 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the efficacy of targeted drug delivery, four new peptide-ligand conjugates were synthesized, each consisting of a cyclic RGDfK penta-peptide loaded with two anticancer drugs. The drug release profiles in different media of these new compounds and their cytotoxic activity against melanoma and non-small lung cancer cell lines were evaluated and compared with those of their singly loaded analogs. The cyclic RGDfK penta-peptide was selected as a targeting moiety because of its high affinity and selectivity to the αv β3 integrin receptor, which is frequently over-expressed in various types of cancer cells. The peptide's core was modified at the side chain of its Lys residue by coupling it with a sixth amino acid (AA) - either Lys (5a) or Ser (5b) (Lys/Ser splitter), resulting in two functional sites which enabled the loading of two therapeutic equivalents onto a single targeting carrier. Using Lys as a splitter resulted in two primary amines. Consequently, conjugates 1a and 1b were synthesized by coupling of 2 Chlorambucils (CLBs) or 2 Camptothecins (CPTs), respectively, to the primary amines of 5a. Conjugate 1c was synthesized from 5b by loading two equivalents of CLB on the amine and the hydroxyl of the Ser splitter, resulting in a homodimeric system with two distinct conjugation sites - amide and ester. The heterodimeric conjugate 1d of CLB and CPT was synthesized by loading each one of the primary amines of 5a with two different drugs - CLB and CPT. The doubling of drug equivalents loaded onto the targeting peptide correlated with enhanced cytotoxic efficacy of the conjugates towards cancer cells. The versatility of chemical linkages of the drugs to the peptides resulted in conjugates with different drug release profiles. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on conjugate 1d demonstrated that this compound occupies a conformational space similar to the bio-active conformation of an integrin-bound cyclic RGD peptide reference peptide (c(RGDf(NMe)V). The modified position in 1d (relative to the reference peptide) points away from the integrin, leading us to hypothesize that this peptide binds the integrin in a manner similar to that of the reference peptide thereby fulfilling a crucial requirement for targeted delivery. The strategy of dual drug loading on a single peptide carrier, gives rise to drugs with different mechanisms of action and release profiles, thus substantially increasing the efficacy of selective killing of tumor cells and while reducing the risk of the development of drug resistance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 160-171, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gilad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.,The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - E Noy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - H Senderowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - A Albeck
- The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - M A Firer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - G Gellerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
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15
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Ragozin E, Redko B, Tuchinsky E, Rozovsky A, Albeck A, Grynszpan F, Gellerman G. Biolabile peptidyl delivery systems toward sequential drug release. Biopolymers 2016; 106:119-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ragozin
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Boris Redko
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Elena Tuchinsky
- Department of Molecular Biology; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Alex Rozovsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Amnon Albeck
- Department of Chemistry; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Flavio Grynszpan
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Ariel University; Ariel 40700 Israel
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16
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Nowak-Sliwinska P, Weiss A, Păunescu E, Clavel CM, Griffioen AW, Dyson PJ. Anti-angiogenic properties of chlorambucil derivatives with fluorous and hydrocarbon appendages. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00271d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorambucil (CLB) derivatives with long fluorous (referred to as 1 and 2) or hydrocarbon (3) chains have been evaluated in a series of in vitro and in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska
- Angiogenesis Laboratory
- Department of Medical Oncology
- VU University Medical Center
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Weiss
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Emilia Păunescu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Catherine M. Clavel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Arjan W. Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory
- Department of Medical Oncology
- VU University Medical Center
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
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17
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Gilad Y, Noy E, Senderowitz H, Albeck A, Firer MA, Gellerman G. Synthesis, biological studies and molecular dynamics of new anticancer RGD-based peptide conjugates for targeted drug delivery. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 24:294-303. [PMID: 26719208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
New cyclic RGD peptide-anticancer agent conjugates, with different chemical functionalities attached to the parent peptide were synthesized in order to evaluate their biological activities and to provide a comparative study of their drug release profiles. The Integrin binding c(RGDfK) penta-peptide was used for the synthesis of Camptothecin (CPT) carbamate and Chlorambucil (CLB) amide conjugates. Substitution of the amino acid Lys with Ser resulted in a modified c(RGDfS) with a new attachment site, which enabled the synthesis of an ester CLB conjugate. Functional versatility of the conjugates was reflected in the variability of their drug release profiles, while the conserved RGD sequence of a selective binding to the αv integrin family, likely preserved their recognition by the Integrin and consequently their favorable toxicity towards targeted cancer cells. This hypothesis was supported by a computational analysis suggesting that all conjugates occupy conformational spaces similar to that of the Integrin bound bio-active parent peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gilad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - E Noy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - H Senderowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - A Albeck
- The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - M A Firer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - G Gellerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
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18
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Gilad Y, Firer MA, Rozovsky A, Ragozin E, Redko B, Albeck A, Gellerman G. "Switch off/switch on" regulation of drug cytotoxicity by conjugation to a cell targeting peptide. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:139-46. [PMID: 25084142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bi-nuclear amino acid platforms loaded with various drugs for conjugation to a peptide carrier were synthesized using simple and convenient orthogonally protective solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS). Each arm of the platform carries a different anticancer agent linked through the same or different functional group, providing discrete chemo- and bio-release profiles for each drug, and also enabling "switch off/switch on" regulation of drug cytotoxicity by conjugation to the platform and to a cell targeting peptide. The versatility of this approach enables efficient production of drug-loaded platforms and determination of favorable drug combinations/modes of linkage for subsequent conjugation to a carrier moiety for targeted cancer cell therapy. The results presented here potentiate the application of amino acid platforms for targeted drug delivery (TDD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Gilad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel; The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Michael A Firer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Alex Rozovsky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel; The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Elena Ragozin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel
| | - Boris Redko
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel; The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Amnon Albeck
- The Julius Spokojny Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Gary Gellerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700, Israel.
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19
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Theile CS, Witte MD, Blom AEM, Kundrat L, Ploegh HL, Guimaraes CP. Site-specific N-terminal labeling of proteins using sortase-mediated reactions. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:1800-7. [PMID: 23989674 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes the use of sortase-mediated reactions to label the N terminus of any given protein of interest. The sortase recognition sequence, LPXTG (for Streptococcus aureus sortase A) or LPXTA (for Staphylococcus pyogenes sortase A), can be appended to a variety of probes such as fluorophores, biotin or even to other proteins. The protein to be labeled acts as a nucleophile by attacking the intermediate formed between the probe containing the LPXTG/A motif and the sortase enzyme. If sortase, the protein of interest and a suitably functionalized label are available, the reactions usually require less than 3 h.
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