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Lin F, Cao Y, Xian M, He Y, Xia Q, Deng L. ECPR successfully used in 5.5-hour cardiac arrest caused by peripartum cardiomyopathy: a case report and minireview. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:136. [PMID: 36819528 PMCID: PMC9929808 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac arrest (CA) caused by peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a catastrophic disease that can lead to a high mortality rate in young women. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the initial first aid measure to be taken and unfortunately, does not always lead to the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We shared a rare successful case of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary oxygenation-assisted resuscitation (ECPR) in a patient with CA for up to 5.5 hours due to PPCM. Case Description A previously healthy 31-year-old woman at 34 weeks of gestation was admitted to the emergency department with fever and arrhythmia. Two days later, the patient had postpartum CA. She underwent CPR for up to 5 hours before receiving V-A extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and eventually regained spontaneous circulation after half an hour. Based on the clinical manifestations, the patient was diagnosed with PPCM and received treatment. The patient was successfully removed from ECMO after 9 days. The patient experienced ECMO-related complications, including thrombocytopenia and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Although treatment was difficult, the patient was discharged after 2 months without any neurological complications. We followed up for 1 year and the patient was able to work normally as a teacher. In our mini-review, we found that the success rate of ECPR in perinatal CA was high, and ECPR is worthy of promotion and application. Conclusions As an advanced life support method, ECPR can save patients undergoing postpartum CA. However, effective CPR and avoidance of ICH are necessary for the recovery of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- Department of Extracorporeal Life Support, The People’s Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Minghai Xian
- Department of Extracorporeal Life Support, The People’s Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Youkuan He
- Department of Extracorporeal Life Support, The People’s Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Qingping Xia
- Department of Science and Education, The People’s Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Extracorporeal Life Support, The People’s Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou, China;,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Bridwell R, Long B, Montrief T, Gottlieb M. Post-abortion Complications: A Narrative Review for Emergency Clinicians. West J Emerg Med 2022; 23:919-925. [DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2022.8.57929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An abortion is a procedure defined by termination of pregnancy, most commonly performed in the first or second trimester. There are several means of classification, but the most important includes whether the abortion was maternally “safe” (performed in a safe, clean environment with experienced providers and no legal restrictions) or “unsafe” (performed with hazardous materials and techniques, by person without the needed skills, or in an environment where minimal medical standards are not met). Complication rates depend on the procedure type, gestational age, patient comorbidities, clinician experience, and most importantly, whether the abortion is safe or unsafe. Safe abortions have significantly lower complication rates compared to unsafe abortions. Complications include bleeding, retained products of conception, retained cervical dilator, uterine perforation, amniotic fluid embolism, misoprostol toxicity, and endometritis. Mortality rates for safe abortions are less than 0.2%, compared to unsafe abortion rates that range between 4.7-13.2%. History and physical examination are integral components in recognizing complications of safe and unsafe abortions, with management dependent upon the diagnosis. This narrative review provides a focused overview of post-abortion complications for emergency clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bridwell
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tacoma, Washington
| | - Brit Long
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Tim Montrief
- Jackson Memorial Health System, Department of Emergency Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Wothe JK, Elfstrand E, Mooney MR, Wothe DD. Rotational Thromboelastometry-Guided Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Treatment of Amniotic Fluid Embolism. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2022; 2022:9658708. [PMID: 35646404 PMCID: PMC9132692 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9658708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare and often fatal complication of pregnancy that occurs during the puerperium. The low incidence of AFE has resulted in few large studies, which makes evidence-based management of AFE challenging. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been reported but is limited by availability and challenges managing anticoagulation. In this report, we detail the case of a 29-year-old female who suffered from an AFE leading to cardiac arrest and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. She was treated with protocolized A-OK (adenosine, ondansetron, and ketorolac), emergency c-section, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, massive blood transfusion, and rotational thromboelastometry-guided ECMO, allowing her to forgo initial anticoagulation. After a prolonged rehabilitation with initial poor neurological status, she made a complete recovery. In this report, we describe the protocols that contributed to her recovery and detail management of complicated AFE for other clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian K. Wothe
- University of Minnesota, Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Elizabeth Elfstrand
- Abbott Northwestern, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 800 E 28th St Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
| | - Michael R. Mooney
- Abbott Northwestern Department of Cardiology, 800 E 28th St Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
| | - Donald D. Wothe
- Abbott Northwestern, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 800 E 28th St Minneapolis, MN 55407, USA
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Aissi James S, Klein T, Lebreton G, Nizard J, Chommeloux J, Bréchot N, Pineton de Chambrun M, Hékimian G, Luyt CE, Levy B, Kimmoun A, Combes A, Schmidt M. Amniotic fluid embolism rescued by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care 2022; 26:96. [PMID: 35392980 PMCID: PMC8988404 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-03969-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare but often catastrophic complication of pregnancy that leads to cardiopulmonary dysfunction and severe disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). Although few case reports have reported successful use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) with AFE, concerns can be raised about the increased bleeding risks with that device.
Methods This study included patients with AFE rescued by VA-ECMO hospitalized in two high ECMO volume centers between August 2008 and February 2021. Clinical characteristics, critical care management, in-intensive care unit (ICU) complications, and hospital outcomes were collected. ICU survivors were assessed for health-related quality of life (HRQL) in May 2021. Results During that 13-year study period, VA-ECMO was initiated in 54 parturient women in two high ECMO volume centers. Among that population, 10 patients with AFE [median (range) age 33 (24–40), SAPS II at 69 (56–81)] who fulfilled our diagnosis criteria were treated with VA-ECMO. Pregnancy evolved for 36 (30–41) weeks. Seven patients had a cardiac arrest before ECMO and two were cannulated under cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pre-ECMO hemodynamic was severely impaired with an inotrope score at 370 (55–1530) μg/kg/min, a severe left ventricular ejection fraction measured at 14 (0–40)%, and lactate at 12 (2–30) mmol/L. 70% of these patients were alive at hospital discharge despite an extreme pre-ECMO severity and massive blood product transfusion. However, HRQL was lower than age-matched controls and still profoundly impaired in the role-physical, bodily pain, and general health components after a median of 44 months follow-up. Conclusion In this rare per-delivery complication, our results support the use of VA-ECMO despite intense DIC and ongoing bleeding. Future studies should focus on customized, patient-centered, rehabilitation programs that could lead to improved HRQL in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Aissi James
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Sorbonne Université Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Klein
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur Et Des Vaisseaux, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, U1116, FCRIN-INICRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Lebreton
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, 75013, Paris, France.,Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Sorbonne Université Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jacky Nizard
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, CNRS UMR 7222, INSERM U1150, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Chommeloux
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Sorbonne Université Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Bréchot
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Sorbonne Université Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Marc Pineton de Chambrun
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Sorbonne Université Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Hékimian
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Sorbonne Université Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Edouard Luyt
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Sorbonne Université Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Levy
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur Et Des Vaisseaux, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, U1116, FCRIN-INICRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Antoine Kimmoun
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Cœur Et Des Vaisseaux, Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, U1116, FCRIN-INICRCT, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Combes
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Sorbonne Université Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, 75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, GRC 30, RESPIRE, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Schmidt
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Institut de Cardiologie, APHP Sorbonne Université Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France. .,Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS_1166-ICAN, 75013, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, GRC 30, RESPIRE, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. .,Service de Medecine Intensive Reanimation, iCAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47, bd de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.
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Durgam S, Sharma M, Dadhwal R, Vakil A, Surani S. The Role of Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Amniotic Fluid Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e13566. [PMID: 33791181 PMCID: PMC8005271 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare and life-threatening complication related to pregnancy. Early diagnosis and prompt intervention are important tools for the survival of the patient. Despite early intervention, mortality rate remains high. We present a case of a 19-year-old female who was admitted for labor induction and delivery. Her delivery course was complicated by meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The patient went into acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) and hemodynamic compromise within half an hour following delivery secondary to AFE. We hereby discuss the role of timely initiation of extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a case of AFE which could have otherwise turned out to be fatal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Durgam
- Internal Medicine, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, USA
| | - Munish Sharma
- Internal Medicine, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, USA
| | - Rahul Dadhwal
- Pulmonary Medicine, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, USA
| | - Abhay Vakil
- Internal Medicine, University of North Texas, Denton, USA
| | - Salim Surani
- Internal Medicine, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, USA.,Internal Medicine, University of North Texas, Dallas, USA
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Sebastian NA, Spence AR, Bouhadoun S, Abenhaim HA. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pregnant and postpartum patients: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:4663-4673. [PMID: 33345652 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1860932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Information on the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in obstetric patients is scarce. The objective was to conduct a systematic review examining ECMO use in pregnant and postpartum patients in order to identify indications leading to ECMO use and to assess mortality rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS were searched using the terms "extracorporeal membrane oxygenation" and "pregnancy" up to 1 November 2020. Case reports and case series reporting the use of ECMO in pregnancy were eligible. Data about maternal age, gestational age, diagnosis, type of ECMO, time on ECMO, pregnancy outcomes, and maternal survival were extracted from studies. RESULTS The search yielded 1696 citations, of which 125 were included. There were 213 obstetric patients treated with ECMO over a 30-year period. The frequency of reports increased considerably over the last decade. The majority of patients were treated in their third trimester (28.2%) or postpartum (32.9%). Most common etiologies included influenza-induced ARDS (27.7%), pulmonary embolism (13.6%), peripartum cardiomyopathy (11.7%), and infection (11.7%). Pregnancy outcomes ended with live births, either on ECMO (15.5%, 95% CI 10.6-20.4) or not on ECMO (58.3%, 95% CI 51.7-64.9), in fetal demise (8.9%, 95% CI 5.1-12.7), or in spontaneous or induced abortion on ECMO (4.2%, 95% CI 1.5-6.9) or not on ECMO (4.2%, 95% CI 1.5-6.9). Maternal survival was 79.3%. CONCLUSION Although women placed on ECMO had a high mortality rate, this is likely an indication of the severity of illness. Overall, ECMO appears to be a valid therapy for the temporary support of vital organs in severely ill pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Sebastian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea R Spence
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sarah Bouhadoun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Haim A Abenhaim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Community Studies, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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