1
|
Yao M, Fang J, Li J, Ng ACK, Liu J, Leung GKK, Song F, Zhang J, Chang C. Modulation of the proteoglycan receptor PTPσ promotes white matter integrity and functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage stroke in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:207. [PMID: 35982473 PMCID: PMC9387079 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, extant investigations have mainly focused on gray matter injury within the primary injury site after ICH rather than on white matter (WM) injury in the brain and spinal cord. This focus partly accounts for the diminished therapeutic discovery. Recent evidence suggests that chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPG), which can bind to the neural transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase-sigma (PTPσ), may facilitate axonal regrowth and remyelination by ameliorating neuroinflammation. Methods A clinically relevant ICH model was established using adult C57BL/6 mice. The mice were then treated systemically with intracellular sigma peptide (ISP), which specifically targets PTPσ. Sensorimotor function was assessed by various behavioral tests and electrophysiological assessment. Western blot was used to verify the expression levels of Iba-1 and different inflammatory cytokines. The morphology of white matter tracts of brain and spinal cord was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2/9 injection was used to assess the ipsilateral axonal compensation after injury. Parallel in vitro studies on the effects of CSPG interference on oligodendrocyte–DRG neuron co-culture explored the molecular mechanism through which ISP treatment promoted myelination capability. Results ISP, by targeting PTPσ, improved WM integrity and sensorimotor recovery via immunomodulation. In addition, ISP administration significantly decreased WM injury in the peri-hematomal region as well as cervical spinal cord, enhanced axonal myelination and facilitated neurological restoration, including electrophysiologically assessed sensorimotor functions. Parallel in vitro studies showed that inhibition of PTPσ by ISP fosters myelination by modulating the Erk/CREB signaling pathway. Conclusions Our findings revealed for the first time that manipulation of PTPσ signaling by ISP can promote prolonged neurological recovery by restoration of the integrity of neural circuits in the CNS through modulation of Erk/CREB signaling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02561-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiewei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Anson Cho Kiu Ng
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gilberto Ka Kit Leung
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fanglai Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory potencies of cinnamon oil on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11839. [PMID: 35821255 PMCID: PMC9276696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon is a well-known natural spice and flavoring substance used worldwide. The objective of the present work is to explore the possible antitumor and immunomodulatory potencies of cinnamon essential oil (Cinn) on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). A total of fifty female Swiss albino mice were sub-grouped into five groups (n = 10), namely, normal (a non-tumorized and non-treated) group; EAC-tumorized and non-treated group; Cinn (non-tumorized mice received Cinn, 50 mg/kg per body weight daily) group; a group of EAC-tumorized mice treated with Cinn and the final positive control group of EAC-tumorized mice received cisplatin. Eight compounds were identified from Cinn using UPLC-MS-Qtof and NMR analysis. Compared to EAC untreated group, Cinn successfully (P < 0.05) inhibited tumor growth by reducing tumor cell count (45%), viability (53%) and, proliferation accompanied by the inhibition of tumor growth rate. Moreover, a significant (P < 0.05) arrest in the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase was noticed following Cinn treatments (~ 24.5%) compared to EAC group. Moreover, Cinn markedly evoked an antitumor immune response by elevating the percentage of splenic T helper (CD3+CD4+) and T cytotoxic (CD3+CD8+) cells. It is noteworthy that Cinn treatments significantly restored different hematological alterations as well as liver and kidney functions in EAC-tumorized mice. In conclusion, results suggest that Cinn has a good antitumor and immunostimulatory potencies against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in vivo. The mechanism underlying its antitumor activity may be attributed to its immunostimulatory effects which increase its potential as a promising anticancer candidate.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tai SH, Huang SY, Chao LC, Lin YW, Huang CC, Wu TS, Shan YS, Lee AH, Lee EJ. Lithium upregulates growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in cultured neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and improves electrophysiological outcomes in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia following a long-term recovery period. Neurol Res 2022; 44:870-878. [PMID: 35348035 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2056817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lithium has numerous neuroplastic and neuroprotective effects in patients with stroke. Here, we evaluated whether delayed and short-term lithium treatment reduces brain infarction volume and improves electrophysiological and neurobehavioral outcomes following long-term recovery after cerebral ischemia and the possible contributions of lithium-mediated mechanisms of neuroplasticity. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90 min, followed by 28 days of recovery. Lithium chloride (1 mEq/kg) or vehicle was administered via intraperitoneal infusion once per day at 24 h after reperfusion onset. Neurobehavioral outcomes and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were examined before and 28 days after ischemia-reperfusion. Brain infarction was assessed using Nissl staining. Primary cortical neuron cultures were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and treated with 2 or 20 μM lithium for 24 or 48 h; subsequent brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), and synaptosomal-associated protein-25 (SNAP-25) levels were analyzed using western blotting. RESULTS Compared to controls, lithium significantly reduced infarction volume in the ischemic brain and improved electrophysiological and neurobehavioral outcomes at 28 days post-insult. In cultured cortical neurons, BDNF, GAP-43, and PSD-95 expression were enhanced by 24- and 48-h treatment with lithium after OGD. CONCLUSION Lithium upregulates BDNF, GAP-43, and PSD-95, which partly accounts for its improvement of neuroplasticity and provision of long-term neuroprotection in the ischemic brain.Abbreviations: BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; ECM: extracellular matrix; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GAP-43: growth-associated protein-43; GSK-3β: glycogen synthase kinase-3β; HBSS: Hank's balanced salt solution; LCBF: local cortical blood perfusion; LDF: laser-Doppler flowmetry; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate; NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; OCT: optimal cutting temperature compound; OGD: oxygen-glucose deprivation; PSD-95: postsynaptic density-95; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; SNAP-25: synaptosomal-associated protein-25; SSEP: somatosensory evoked potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Tai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Huang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chun Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Huang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hua Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tai SH, Lin YW, Huang TY, Chang CC, Chao LC, Wu TS, Lee EJ. Cinnamophilin enhances temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity against malignant glioma: the roles of ROS and cell cycle arrest. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:3906-3920. [PMID: 35116690 PMCID: PMC8798401 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Temozolomide (TMZ) has been widely used to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, many mechanisms are known to quickly adapt GBM cells to chemotherapy with TMZ, leading to drug resistance and expansion of tumor cell populations. Methods We subjected human glioblastoma cell lines and an animal model of glioblastoma xenografts with TMZ-based adjuvant treatments to evaluate the synergistic effect of cinnamophilin (CINN), a free radical scavenger. Results Our results showed that the combined treatment of CINN and TMZ potentiated the anticancer effect and apoptotic cell death in glioma cell lines and enhanced antitumor action in glioma xenografts. TMZ induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and elevated G2 arrest in glioma cells. The CINN-suppressed ROS burst in TMZ-treated glioma cells might be associated with increased apoptosis, as indicated by the upregulation of TUNEL-positive glioma cells. CINN-pretreated glioma cells exhibited increased cyclin B expression and reduced phosphorylation of Cdk1, suggesting reduced G2 arrest in the combined treatment group. Moreover, CINN lowered the protein level of LC3, a hallmark of autophagy, in TMZ-treated cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that CINN may restore TMZ toxicity in glioma cancer by suppressing the ROS/G2 arrest pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hang Tai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Tung-Yi Huang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Che-Chao Chang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Liang-Chun Chao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan.,Neurophysiology Laboratory and Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of Noninvasive Low-Intensity Focus Ultrasound Neuromodulation on Spinal Cord Neurocircuits In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8534466. [PMID: 34873411 PMCID: PMC8643243 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8534466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although neurocircuits can be activated by focused ultrasound stimulation, it is unclear whether this is also true for spinal cord neurocircuits. In this study, we used low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) to stimulate lumbar 4–lumbar 5 (L4–L5) segments of the spinal cord of normal Sprague Dawley rats with a clapper. The activation of the spinal cord neurocircuits enhanced soleus muscle contraction as measured by electromyography (EMG). Neuronal activation and injury were assessed by EMG, western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Nissl staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. When the LIFU intensity was more than 0.5 MPa, LIFU stimulation induced soleus muscle contraction and increased the EMG amplitudes (P < 0.05) and the number of c-fos- and GAD65-positive cells (P < 0.05). When the LIFU intensity was 3.0 MPa, the LIFU stimulation led to spinal cord damage and decreased SEP amplitudes for electrophysiological assessment (P < 0.05); this resulted in coagulation necrosis, structural destruction, neuronal loss in the dorsal horn by H&E and Nissl staining, and increased expression of GFAP, IL-1β, TNF-α, and caspase-3 by IHC, ELISA, and WB (P < 0.05). These results show that LIFU can activate spinal cord neurocircuits and that LIFU stimulation with an irradiation intensity ≤1.5 MPa is a safe neurostimulation method for the spinal cord.
Collapse
|
6
|
Neuroprotective Phytochemicals in Experimental Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6687386. [PMID: 34007405 PMCID: PMC8102108 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a challenging disease with high mortality and disability rates, causing a great economic and social burden worldwide. During ischemic stroke, ionic imbalance and excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation are developed in a relatively certain order, which then activate the cell death pathways directly or indirectly via the promotion of organelle dysfunction. Neuroprotection, a therapy that is aimed at inhibiting this damaging cascade, is therefore an important therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Notably, phytochemicals showed great neuroprotective potential in preclinical research via various strategies including modulation of calcium levels and antiexcitotoxicity, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and BBB protection, mitochondrial protection and antiapoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy regulation, and regulation of neurotrophin release. In this review, we summarize the research works that report the neuroprotective activity of phytochemicals in the past 10 years and discuss the neuroprotective mechanisms and potential clinical applications of 148 phytochemicals that belong to the categories of flavonoids, stilbenoids, other phenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Among them, scutellarin, pinocembrin, puerarin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, salvianolic acids, rosmarinic acid, borneol, bilobalide, ginkgolides, ginsenoside Rd, and vinpocetine show great potential in clinical ischemic stroke treatment. This review will serve as a powerful reference for the screening of phytochemicals with potential clinical applications in ischemic stroke or the synthesis of new neuroprotective agents that take phytochemicals as leading compounds.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tai SH, Kuo PC, Lam SH, Huang SC, Kuo YZ, Hung HY, Liou MJ, Shieh PC, Lee EJ, Wu TS. Chemical constituents from the stems of Machilus philippinensis Merr. and the neuroprotective activity of cinnamophilin. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21616-21625. [PMID: 35518857 PMCID: PMC9066449 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Machilus genus (Lauraceae) had been extensively utilized in folk medicine due to its broad range of bioactivities. In the present study, a series of chromatographic separations of the methanol extract of stems of M. philippinensis led to the identification of thirty eight compounds totally. Among these, biscinnamophilin (1), machilupins A–C (2–4), machilutone A (5), and machilusoxide A (6) were new compounds reported for the first time. In addition, 5 was characterized with a unprecedented carbon skeleton. Other known compounds, including the major compounds cinnamophilin (7) and meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (8), are identified by comparison of their physical and spectroscopic data with reported values. One of the reported compounds, cinnamophilin A (10), should be revised as dehydroguaiaretic acid (9) after careful comparison of all the 1H and 13C NMR data. Moreover, the neuroprotective activity of cinnamophilin (7) was examined in a primary cortical neuron culture and the results indicated that 7 was effective against glutamate induced excitotoxicity. The Machilus genus (Lauraceae) had been extensively utilized in folk medicine due to its broad range of bioactivities.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Tai
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Sio Hong Lam
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Chyn Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan 717 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhuan Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Meei-Jen Liou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence University Taichung 433 Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University Pingtung 907 Taiwan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan .,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University Pingtung 907 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Lu G, Su XW, Ding T, Wang WL, Li YM, Poon WS, Ao LJ. Characterization of Axon Damage, Neurological Deficits, and Histopathology in Two Experimental Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:928. [PMID: 30618557 PMCID: PMC6297275 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most lethal forms of stroke. From the limited previous studies and our preliminary data, white matter is considered a key predictor of the outcome and potential target of recovery. The traditional ICH model induced by injection of autologous blood or bacterial collagenase into striatum (ST) demonstrated a spontaneous functional recovery within one or 2 months. We hypothesis that an internal capsule (IC) lesion might lead to long-term axonal damage and long lasting functional deficits. Thus in this study, a modified internal capsule ICH model was conducted in rats, and the axonal damage, neurological deficits, histopathology as well as electrophysiology were characterized. The finding demonstrated that compared to ST group, the modified IC lesioned model exhibited a relatively smaller lesion volume with consistent axonal loss/degeneration and long-lasting neurological dysfunction at 2 months after ICH. Functionally, the impairment of the mNSS, ratio of contralateral forelimb usage, four limb stand index, contralateral duty cycle and ipsilateral SSEPs amplitude remained significant at 56 days. Structurally, the significant loss of PKCγ in ipsilateral cortical spinal tracts of IC group and the consistent axonal degeneration with several axonal retraction bulbs and enlarged tubular space was observed at 56 days after ICH. This study suggested that a modified IC lesioned model was proved to have long lasting neurological deficits. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic progression after experimental ICH should aid further successful clinic translation in animal ICH studies, and provide new insights into the role of whiter matter injury in the mechanism and therapeutic targets of ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Gang Lu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xian Wei Su
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Ding
- Rehabilitation Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Li Wang
- Rehabilitation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Mei Li
- Rehabilitation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li Juan Ao
- School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang J, Chen S, Shi W, Li M, Zhan Y, Yang L, Zou H, Lei J, Chai X, Gao K, Liu J, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhao H. Effects of Xiaoshuan Enteric-Coated Capsule on White and Gray Matter Injury Evaluated by Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Ischemic Stroke. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:671-683. [PMID: 30284459 PMCID: PMC6686435 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718802755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSECC) is a drug approved by the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of stroke. This study was to investigate the effects of XSECC on white and gray matter injury in a rat model of ischemic stroke by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histopathological analyses. The ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling was improved by treatment with XSECC on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th days after MCAO. Spatiotemporal white and gray matter changes in MCAO rats were examined with DTI-derived parameters (fractional anisotropy, FA; apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC; axial diffusivity, λ//; radial diffusivity, λ⊥). The increased FA was found in the XSECC treatment group in the corpus callosum, external capsule and internal capsule, linked with the decreased λ//, λ⊥ and ADC on the 3rd day and reduced ADC on the 30th day in the external capsule, suggesting XSECC reduced the axon and myelin damage in white matter after stroke. The relative FA in the striatum, cortex and thalamus in XSECC treatment group was significantly increased on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 30th days accompanied by the increased λ// on the 3rd day and reduced relative ADC and λ⊥ on the 30th day, indicating that XSECC attenuated cell swelling and membrane damage in the early stage and tissue liquefaction necrosis in the late stage in gray matter after stroke. Additionally, XSECC-treated rats exhibited increased mean fiber length assessed by diffusion tensor tractography. Moreover, histopathological analyses provided evidence that XSECC relieved nerve cell and myelin damage in white and gray matter after stroke. Our research reveals that XSECC could alleviate white and gray matter injury, especially reducing nerve cell damage and promoting the repair of axon and myelin after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpan Chen
- 3 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Weilong Shi
- 4 Pharmacy Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manzhong Li
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yang
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Zou
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Lei
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlou Chai
- 2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Gao
- 2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- 5 Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- 2 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,6 School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- 1 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang SY, Chang CH, Hung HY, Lin YW, Lee EJ. Neuroanatomical and electrophysiological recovery in the contralateral intact cortex following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurol Res 2018; 40:130-138. [PMID: 29262766 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1411454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Focal cerebral ischemia may induce synaptic, electrophysiological, and metabolic dysfunction in remote areas. We have shown that the remote dendritic spine density changes and electrophysiological diaschisis in the acute and subacute stages after stroke previously. Here, we further evaluated electrophysiological outcomes and synapto-dendritic plasticity in long-term recovery in the contralateral cortex following focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intraluminal suture occlusion for 90 min or sham-occlusion. Somatosensory electrophysiological recordings (SSEPs) and neurobehavioral tests were recorded each day for 28 days. Postmortem brains were sectioned and subjected to Nissl staining and Golgi-Cox impregnation through a 28-day period following ischemic stroke. Results In the ipsilateral cortex, infarct size in the cortex and striatum was decreased after the subacute stage; the brains showed reduced swelling in the cortex and stratum 3 days after ischemic insults. Dendritic spine density and SSEP amplitude decreased significantly during a 28-day recovery period. In the contralateral cortex, dendritic spine density and SSEP amplitude decreased significantly for 21 days after ischemic stroke, but recovered to baseline by day 28. The deterioration of the dendritic spine (density reduction) in the ischemic cortex was observed; however, this increased neuroplasticity in the contralateral cortex in the subacute stage. Discussion Focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion induces time-dependent reduction of dendritic spine density and electrophysiological depression in both the ipsilateral and contralateral cortices and intact brain. This neuroanatomical and electrophysiological evidence suggests that neuroplasticity and functional re-organization in the contralateral cortex is possible following focal cerebral ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yang Huang
- a Institute of Biomedical Engineering , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan.,b Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery , National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Han Chang
- a Institute of Biomedical Engineering , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- c School of Pharmacy , National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Lin
- b Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery , National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- b Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery , National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School , Tainan , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li MZ, Zhang Y, Zou HY, Wang YL, Cheng BCY, Wang L, Zhang QX, Lei JF, Zhao H. Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule alleviates cognitive impairment by enhancing hippocampal glucose metabolism, hemodynamics and neuroplasticity of rat with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7449. [PMID: 29748641 PMCID: PMC5945608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is identified as a critical risk factor of dementia in patients with cerebrovascular disease. Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSECC) is a compound Chinese medicine approved by Chinese State Food and Drug Administration for promoting brain remodeling and plasticity after stroke. The present study aimed to explore the potential of XSECC to improve cognitive function after CCH and further investigate the underlying mechanisms. CCH was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in rats. XSECC (420 or 140 mg/kg) treatment remarkably reversed BCCAO-induced cognitive deficits. Notably, after XSECC treatment, magnetic resonance angiography combined with arterial spin labeling noninvasively demonstrated significantly improved hippocampal hemodynamics, and 18F-FDG PET/CT showed enhanced hippocampal glucose metabolism. In addition, XSECC treatment markedly alleviated neuropathologies and improved neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. More importantly, XSECC treatment facilitated axonal remodeling by regulating the phosphorylation of axonal growth related proteins including protein kinase B (AKT), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) in the hippocampus. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the beneficial role of XSECC in alleviating BCCAO-induced cognitive deficits by enhancing hippocampal glucose metabolism, hemodynamics and neuroplasticity, suggesting that XSECC could be a useful strategy in cerebral hypoperfusion state and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Brian-Chi Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lei
- Medical Imaging laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li M, Ouyang J, Zhang Y, Cheng BCY, Zhan Y, Yang L, Zou H, Zhao H. Effects of total saponins from Trillium tschonoskii rhizome on grey and white matter injury evaluated by quantitative multiparametric MRI in a rat model of ischemic stroke. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 215:199-209. [PMID: 29309860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trillium tschonoskii rhizome (TTR), a medicinal herb, has been traditionally used to treat traumatic brain injury and headache in China. Although the potential neuroprotective efficacy of TTR has gained increasing interest, the pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. Steroid saponins are the main bioactive components of the herb. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective and repair-promoting effects of the total saponins from TTR (TSTT) on grey and white matter damages in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced by MCAO. TSTT and Ginaton (positive control) were administered orally to rats 6h after stroke and daily thereafter. After 15 days of treatment, the survival rate of each group was calculated. We then conducted neurological deficit scores and beam walking test to access the neurological function after ischemic stroke. Subsequently, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and T2 relaxometry mapping were performed to measure infarct volume and grey and white matter integrity, respectively. Moreover, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was carried out to evaluate the grey and white matter microstructural damage. Additionally, arterial spin labelling (ASL) - cerebral blood flow (CBF) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images provided dynamic information about vascular hemodynamic dysfunction after ischemic stroke. Finally, haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was carried out to evaluate the stroke-induced pathological changes in the brain. RESULTS The survival rate and neurological behavioural outcomes (Bederson scores and beam walking tests) were markedly ameliorated by TSTT (65mg/kg) treatment within 15 days after ischemic stroke. Moreover, T2WI and T2 relaxometry mapping showed that TSTT (65mg/kg) significantly reduced infarct volume and attenuated grey and white matter injury, respectively, which was confirmed by histopathological evaluation of brain tissue. The results obtained from DTI showed that TSTT (65mg/kg) not only significantly alleviated axonal damage and demyelination, but also promoted axonal remodelling and re-myelination. In addition, TSTT treatment also enhanced vascular signal density and increased CBF in rats after MCAO. CONCLUSION Our results suggested the potential protective and repair-promoting effects of TSTT on grey and white matter from damage induced by ischemia. This study provides a modern pharmacological basis for the application of TSTT in managing ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junyao Ouyang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Brian Chi Yan Cheng
- College of Professional and Continuing Education, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haiyan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin YW, Chen TY, Hung CY, Tai SH, Huang SY, Chang CC, Hung HY, Lee EJ. Melatonin protects brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:182-192. [PMID: 29620280 PMCID: PMC5979830 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a vital role in mediating ischemic reperfusion damage in brain. In this study, we evaluated whether melatonin inhibits ER stress in cultured neurons exposed to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with melatonin (5 mg/kg) or control at reperfusion onset after transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 90 min. Brain infarction and hemorrhage within infarcts were measured. The expression of ER stress proteins of phosphorylation of PRKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry analysis. The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c were used to investigate cell apoptosis in OGD-induced cultured neurons. Our results demonstrated that animals treated with melatonin had significantly reduced infarction volumes and individual cortical lesion sizes as well as increased numbers of surviving neurons. Melatonin can significantly modulate protein levels by decreasing both p-PERK and p-eIF2α in the ischemic core and penumbra. Moreover, the expressions of ATF4 and CHOP were restrained in the ischemic core and penumbra, respectively. Furthermore, pretreatment with melatonin at 10–100 µM effectively reduced the levels of p-PERK and p-eIF2α in cultured neurons after OGD injury. Melatonin treatment also effectively decreased neuron apoptosis resulting from OGD-induced neuron injury. These results indicate that melatonin effectively attenuated post-ischemic ER stress after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wen Lin
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsung Ying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University and Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia Yang Hung
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih Huang Tai
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Sheng Yang Huang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Che Chao Chang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - E Jian Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang SY, Tai SH, Chang CC, Tu YF, Chang CH, Lee EJ. Magnolol protects against ischemic-reperfusion brain damage following oxygen-glucose deprivation and transient focal cerebral ischemia. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2252-2262. [PMID: 29336466 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the neuroprotective potential of magnolol against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury was examined via in vivo and in vitro experiments. Magnolol exhibited strong radical scavenging and antioxidant activity, and significantly inhibited the production of interleukin‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑a and nitrite/nitrate (NOX) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 and RAW 264.7 cells when applied at concentrations of 10 and 50 µM, respectively. Magnolol (100 µM) also significantly attenuated oxygen‑glucose deprivation‑induced damage in neonatal rat hippocampal slice cultures, when administered up to 4 h following the insult. In a rat model of stable ischemia, compared with a vehicle‑treated ischemic control, pretreatment with magnolol (0.01‑1 mg/kg, intravenously) significantly reduced brain infarction following ischemic stroke, and post‑treatment with magnolol (1 mg/kg) remained effective and significantly reduced infarction when administered 2 h following the onset of ischemia. Additionally, magnolol (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) significantly reduced the accumulation of superoxide anions at the border zones of infarction and reduced oxidative damage in the ischemic brain. This was assessed by measuring the levels of NOX, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase, the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione and the immunoreactions of 8‑hydroxy‑2'‑deoxyguanosine and 4‑hydroxynonenal. Thus, magnolol was revealed to protect against ischemia‑reperfusion brain damage. This may be partly attributed to its antioxidant, radical scavenging and anti‑inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yang Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Huang Tai
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Che-Chao Chang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Fang Tu
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Han Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Medical Center and Medical School, Tainan 70428, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang L, Lu J, Cerqueira B, Liu Y, Jiang Z, Duong TQ. Chronic oral methylene blue treatment in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Brain Res 2017; 1678:322-329. [PMID: 29108817 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A single acute low-dose methylene blue (MB), an FDA-grandfathered drug, has been shown to ameliorate behavioral deficits and reduces MRI-defined infarct volume in experimental ischemic stroke when administered intravenously or intraperitoneally. The efficacy of chronic MB treatment in ischemic stroke remains unknown. In a randomized, double-blinded and vehicle-controlled design, we investigated the efficacy of chronic oral MB administration in ischemic stroke longitudinally up to 60 days post injury using MRI and behavioral tests, with end-point histology. The major findings were chronic oral MB treatment, compared to vehicle, i) improves functional behavioral outcomes starting on day 7 and up to 60 days, ii) reduces MRI-defined total lesion volumes from day 14 and up to 60 days where some initial abnormal MRI-defined core and perfusion-diffusion mismatch were salvaged, iii) reduces white-matter damage, iv) gray matter and white matter damages are consistent with Nissl stains and Black Gold stain histology. These findings provide further evidence that long-term oral administration of low-dose MB is safe and has positive therapeutic effects in chronic ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Radiology and Preclinical Imaging Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Radiology and Preclinical Imaging Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bianca Cerqueira
- Radiology and Preclinical Imaging Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yichu Liu
- Radiology and Preclinical Imaging Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Zhao Jiang
- Radiology and Preclinical Imaging Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Q Duong
- Radiology and Preclinical Imaging Center, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Juan WS, Huang SY, Chang CC, Hung YC, Lin YW, Chen TY, Lee AH, Lee AC, Wu TS, Lee EJ. Melatonin improves neuroplasticity by upregulating the growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and NMDAR postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) proteins in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity and in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia even during a long-term recovery period. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:213-23. [PMID: 24350898 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that the NMDAR postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protein enhance neuroplasticity at the subacute stage of stroke. Here, we evaluated whether melatonin would modulate the PSD-95, GAP-43, and MMP-9 proteins in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity and in rats subjected to experimental stroke. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with melatonin (5 mg/kg) or vehicle at reperfusion onset after transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (tMCAO) for 90 min. Animals were euthanized for Western immunoblot analyses for the PSD-95 and GAP-43 proteins and gelatin zymography for the MMP-9 activity at 7 days postinsult. Another set of animals was sacrificed for histologic and Golgi-Cox-impregnated sections at 28 days postinsult. In cultured neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity, melatonin significantly upregulated the GAP-43 and PSD-95 expressions and improved dendritic aborizations (P<0.05, respectively). Relative to controls, melatonin-treated stroke animals caused a significant improvement in GAP-43 and PSD-95 expressions as well as the MMP-9 activity in the ischemic brain (P<0.05). Consequently, melatonin also significantly promoted the dendritic spine density and reduced infarction in the ischemic brain, and improved neurobehaviors as well at 28 days postinsult (P<0.05, respectively). Together, melatonin upregulates GAP-43, PSD-95, and MMP-9 proteins, which likely accounts for its actions to improve neuroplasticity in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity and to enhance long-term neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and brain remodeling in stroke rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sheng Juan
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ström JO, Ingberg E, Theodorsson A, Theodorsson E. Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in rat stroke experiments: a meta-analysis. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23548160 PMCID: PMC3637133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though more than 600 stroke treatments have been shown effective in preclinical studies, clinically proven treatment alternatives for cerebral infarction remain scarce. Amongst the reasons for the discrepancy may be methodological shortcomings, such as high mortality and outcome variability, in the preclinical studies. A common approach in animal stroke experiments is that A) focal cerebral ischemia is inflicted, B) some type of treatment is administered and C) the infarct sizes are assessed. However, within this paradigm, the researcher has to make numerous methodological decisions, including choosing rat strain and type of surgical procedure. Even though a few studies have attempted to address the questions experimentally, a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methodology remains. Methods We therefore meta-analyzed data from 502 control groups described in 346 articles to find out how rat strain, procedure for causing focal cerebral ischemia and the type of filament coating affected mortality and infarct size variability. Results The Wistar strain and intraluminal filament procedure using a silicone coated filament was found optimal in lowering infarct size variability. The direct and endothelin methods rendered lower mortality rate, whereas the embolus method increased it compared to the filament method. Conclusions The current article provides means for researchers to adjust their middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) protocols to minimize infarct size variability and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob O Ström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chang CC, Tien CH, Lee EJ, Juan WS, Chen YH, Hung YC, Chen TY, Chen HY, Wu TS. Melatonin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells and a mouse model of meningitis. J Pineal Res 2012; 53:188-97. [PMID: 22404666 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We explored anti-inflammatory potential of melatonin against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in vivo and in vitro. RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells were stimulated by LPS, followed by the treatment with melatonin or vehicle at various time intervals. In a mouse model of meningitis induced by LPS, melatonin (5mg/kg) or vehicle was intravenously injected at 30min postinsult. The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was determined by gelatin zymography. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) translocation and binding activity were determined by immunocytochemistry and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Our results showed that either pretreatment or cotreatment with melatonin at 50-500 μm effectively inhibited the LPS-induced proMMP-9 activation in the RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells, respectively (P<0.05). This melatonin-induced proMMP-9 inhibition remained effective when treatment was delayed up to 2 and 6hr postinsult for RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells, respectively (P<0.05 for both groups). Additionally, melatonin significantly attenuated the rises of circulatory and cerebral MMP-9 activity, respectively (P<0.05) and reduced the loss of body weight (P<0.05) in mice with meningitis. Moreover, melatonin (50μm) effectively inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) translocation and binding activity in the LPS-treated RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells, respectively (P<0.05). These results demonstrate direct inhibitory actions of melatonin against postinflammatory NFκB translocation and MMP-9 activation and highlight its ability to inhibit systemic and cerebral MMP-9 activation following brain inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chao Chang
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu YC, Hsiao G, Lin KH, Hsieh MS, Jayakumar T, Wu TS, Sheu JR. Cinnamophilin Isolated from Cinnamomum philippinense
Protects against Collagen Degradation in Human Chondrocytes. Phytother Res 2012; 27:892-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chang Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Mackay Memorial Hospital; Taipei
- Department of Leisure Sports and Health Management, College of Humanities and Sciences; St. John's University; Tamsui Taipei Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shium Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; En Chu Kong Hospital; Sanshia Taipei Taiwan
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee WT, Lin MH, Lee EJ, Hung YC, Tai SH, Chen HY, Chen TY, Wu TS. Magnolol reduces glutamate-induced neuronal excitotoxicity and protects against permanent focal cerebral ischemia up to 4 hours. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39952. [PMID: 22808077 PMCID: PMC3392264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective efficacy of magnolol, 5,5′-dially-2,2′-dihydroxydiphenyl, was investigated in a model of stroke and cultured neurons exposed to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Magnolol or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally, at 1 hr pre-insult or 1–6 hrs post-insult. Brain infarction was measured upon sacrifice. Relative to controls, animals pre-treated with magnolol (50–200 mg/kg) had significant infarct volume reductions by 30.9–37.8% and improved neurobehavioral outcomes (P<0.05, respectively). Delayed treatment with magnolol (100 mg/kg) also protected against ischemic brain damage and improved neurobehavioral scores, even when administered up to 4 hrs post-insult (P<0.05, respectively). Additionally, magnolol (0.1 µM) effectively attenuated the rises of intracellular Ca2+ levels, [Ca2+](i), in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate. Consequently, magnolol (0.1–1 µM) significantly attenuated glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and cell swelling (P<0.05). Thus, magnolol offers neuroprotection against permanent focal cerebral ischemia with a therapeutic window of 4 hrs. This neuroprotection may be, partly, mediated by its ability to limit the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Departments of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Hui Lin
- Department of Early Childhood Education, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - E-Jian Lee
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Departments of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu-Chang Hung
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Departments of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tai
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Neurosurgical Service, Departments of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University and Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Brain and spinal cord traumas include blunt and penetrating trauma, disease, and required surgery. Such traumas trigger events such as inflammation, infiltration of inflammatory and other cells, oxidative stress, acidification, excitotoxicity, ischemia, and the loss of calcium homeostasis, all of which cause neurotoxicity and neuron death. To prevent trauma-induced neurological deficits and death, each of the many neurotoxic events that occur in parallel or sequentially must be minimized or prevented. Although neuroprotective techniques have been developed that block single neurotoxic events, most provide only limited neuroprotection and are only applied singly. However, because many neurotoxicity triggers arise from common events, an approach for invoking more effective neuroprotection is to apply multiple neuroprotective methods simultaneously before the many neurotoxic triggers and cascades are initiated and become irreversible. This paper first discusses some triggers of neurotoxicity and neuroprotective mechanisms that block them, including hypothermia, alkalinization, and the administration of adenosine. It then examines how the simultaneous application of these techniques provides significantly greater neuroprotection than is provided by any technique alone. The paper also stresses the importance of determining whether the neuroprotection provided by these techniques can be further enhanced by combining them with additional techniques, such as the systemic administration of glucocorticoids. Finally, the paper stresses the absolute critical importance of applying these techniques within the "golden hour" following trauma, before the many neurotoxic events and cascades are manifest and before the neurotoxic cascades become irreversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Current therapies in ischemic stroke. Part B. Future candidates in stroke therapy and experimental studies. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:671-84. [PMID: 22405898 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stroke still remains a major healthcare problem. The growing understanding of the mechanism of cell death in ischemia leads to new approaches in stroke treatment. The aim of neuroprotection is to reduce the post-stroke impairment and the overall costs that are accompanied in patients with severe disability. Despite encouraging data from experimental animal models, almost all neuroprotective therapies have, to date, not been established in clinical routine. In this part B of our review on stroke therapies we provide an overview on future candidates in stroke therapy and neuroprotective agents that are under investigation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Juan WS, Lin HW, Chen YH, Chen HY, Hung YC, Tai SH, Huang SY, Chen TY, Lee EJ. Optimal Percoll concentration facilitates flow cytometric analysis for annexin V/propidium iodine-stained ischemic brain tissues. Cytometry A 2012; 81:400-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
24
|
Experimental studies on ischemic neuroprotection: Criteria for translational significance*. Crit Care Med 2011; 39:1230-1. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318211f91d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|