1
|
Nasr SA, Saad AAEM. Evaluation of the cytotoxic anticancer effect of polysaccharide of Nepeta septemcrenata. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Promoting cancer cells apoptosis is one of the effective methods to treat cancer. Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and colorectal cancer (HCT-116) cell lines were used in the present study to evaluate the cytotoxic and anticancer properties of Nepeta septemcrenata Polysaccharide (NSP).
Result
Treatment of the two examined cells with NSP displayed a significant cytotoxicity towards HepG2 in a dose-dependent manner; meanwhile, its effect on HCT-116 was obtained under the influence of low doses. The quantitative real- time PCR (QRT-PCR) investigation revealed that NSP significantly up-regulated the expression levels of p53, p16, Fas, Fas-L, Bax, caspases-3, caspase-9, and TNF-α in association with down-regulation of cyclin D1, TERT, and BCL2. These findings declare the apoptotic characteristic of NSP.NSP, can also inhibit the development of cancer cells through the down-regulation of TGF-β and VEGF.
Conclusions
Our results suggested that the polysaccharides isolated from N. septemcrenata possess anticancer properties that could be explored for the development of novel anticancer agents.
Collapse
|
2
|
Duron DI, Lei W, Barker NK, Stine C, Mishra S, Blagg BSJ, Langlais PR, Streicher JM. Inhibition of Hsp90 in the spinal cord enhances the antinociceptive effects of morphine by activating an ERK-RSK pathway. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/630/eaaz1854. [PMID: 32371496 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Morphine and other opioids are commonly used to treat pain despite their numerous adverse side effects. Modulating μ-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling is one way to potentially improve opioid therapy. In mice, the chaperone protein Hsp90 mediates MOR signaling within the brain. Here, we found that inhibiting Hsp90 specifically in the spinal cord enhanced the antinociceptive effects of morphine in mice. Intrathecal, but not systemic, administration of the Hsp90 inhibitors 17-AAG or KU-32 amplified the effects of morphine in suppressing sensitivity to both thermal and mechanical stimuli in mice. Hsp90 inhibition enabled opioid-induced phosphorylation of the kinase ERK and increased abundance of the kinase RSK in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord, which are heavily populated with primary afferent sensory neurons. The additive effects of Hsp90 inhibition were abolished upon intrathecal inhibition of ERK, RSK, or protein synthesis. This mechanism downstream of MOR, localized to the spinal cord and repressed by Hsp90, may potentially be used to enhance the efficacy and presumably decrease the side effects of opioid therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David I Duron
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Natalie K Barker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Carrie Stine
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Sanket Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Soumoy L, Kindt N, Ghanem G, Saussez S, Journe F. Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040529. [PMID: 31013837 PMCID: PMC6520935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an inflammatory cytokine involved in the carcinogenesis of many cancer types. Here, we review the published experimental and clinical data for MIF and its involvement in melanoma. All reported data show that MIF is overexpressed in melanoma cells, especially in case of metastatic disease. Clinical studies also indicate that high MIF expression is positively associated with aggressiveness of the disease. Some data also highlight the implication of MIF in angiogenesis, immunity and metastasis in melanoma cell lines, as well as the availability of different therapeutic options targeting MIF for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Indeed, the main problem in metastatic melanoma is the lack of long-term effective treatment. This is linked to the capacity of melanoma cells to mutate very quickly and/or activate alternative signaling pathways. Thus, MIF targeting therapies could provide a new effective way of treating melanoma. Moreover, cell sensitivity to MIF depletion does not correlate with the BRAF mutational status. Regarding the fact that many melanoma patients carry a BRAF mutation, and that they develop resistance to BRAF inhibitors, this observation is very interesting as MIF inhibitors could be used to treat many patients in relapse after treatment with an inhibitor of the mutant BRAF protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Soumoy
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Université de Mons (UMons), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Nadège Kindt
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Université de Mons (UMons), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Ghanem Ghanem
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Université de Mons (UMons), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CHU Saint-Pierre, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Université de Mons (UMons), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clawson GA, Matters GL, Xin P, McGovern C, Wafula E, dePamphilis C, Meckley M, Wong J, Stewart L, D’Jamoos C, Altman N, Imamura Kawasawa Y, Du Z, Honaas L, Abraham T. "Stealth dissemination" of macrophage-tumor cell fusions cultured from blood of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184451. [PMID: 28957348 PMCID: PMC5619717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe isolation and characterization of macrophage-tumor cell fusions (MTFs) from the blood of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. The MTFs were generally aneuploidy, and immunophenotypic characterizations showed that the MTFs express markers characteristic of PDAC and stem cells, as well as M2-polarized macrophages. Single cell RNASeq analyses showed that the MTFs express many transcripts implicated in cancer progression, LINE1 retrotransposons, and very high levels of several long non-coding transcripts involved in metastasis (such as MALAT1). When cultured MTFs were transplanted orthotopically into mouse pancreas, they grew as obvious well-differentiated islands of cells, but they also disseminated widely throughout multiple tissues in "stealth" fashion. They were found distributed throughout multiple organs at 4, 8, or 12 weeks after transplantation (including liver, spleen, lung), occurring as single cells or small groups of cells, without formation of obvious tumors or any apparent progression over the 4 to 12 week period. We suggest that MTFs form continually during PDAC development, and that they disseminate early in cancer progression, forming "niches" at distant sites for subsequent colonization by metastasis-initiating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Clawson
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Gail L. Matters
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Ping Xin
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher McGovern
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Eric Wafula
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Claude dePamphilis
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Morgan Meckley
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Joyce Wong
- Department of Surgery, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Luke Stewart
- Applications Support, Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher D’Jamoos
- Applications Support, Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Naomi Altman
- Department of Statistics, Eberly College, UP, PSU, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Yuka Imamura Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Institute for Personalized Medicine, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Zhen Du
- Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories and the Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center (HMC), Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Loren Honaas
- Department of Biology, Eberly College, University Park (UP), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences and Microscopy Imaging Facility, HMC, PSU, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kindt N, Journe F, Laurent G, Saussez S. Involvement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in cancer and novel therapeutic targets. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2247-2253. [PMID: 27698786 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was originally identified in 1966 by Bloom and Bennett as a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the inhibition of macrophage motility. Since then, studies have investigated the functional contribution of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in several immune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematous. Recently, MIF has been reported to be involved in a variety of neoplastic diseases. The present review discusses previous cancer research studies that have investigated the involvement of MIF in carcinogenesis, disease prognosis, tumor cell proliferation and invasion, and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Finally, potential therapeutic approaches based on the use of MIF antagonists and neutralizing antibodies are examined. The review concludes that MIF could be a good prognostic biomarker in several types of cancer, but also that the inhibition of MIF could represent a novel therapy against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Kindt
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium; Laboratory of Oncology and Experimental Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Free University of Brussels, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| | - Guy Laurent
- Laboratory of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons 7000, Belgium; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels 1000, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li C, Wang J, Hao J, Dong B, Li Y, Zhu X, Ding J, Ren S, Zhao H, Wu S, Tian Y, Wang GQ. Reduced cytosolic carboxypeptidase 6 (CCP6) level leads to accumulation of serum polyglutamylated DNAJC7 protein: A potential biomarker for renal cell carcinoma early detection. Oncotarget 2016; 7:22385-96. [PMID: 26993597 PMCID: PMC5008367 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages of disease, although early diagnosis has much favorable prognosis. This study assessed aberrant expression of cytosolic carboxypeptidase 6 (CCP6) leading to accumulation of serum polyglutamylated DNAJC7 as a biomarker for early RCC detection. A total of 835 RCCs, 143 chronic nephritis, 170 kidney stones and 415 health controls were collected for qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of CCP6 expression and mass spectrometry of DNAJC7 and polyglutamylated DNAJC7. The data showed that CCP6 expression was significantly decreased in 30 RCC tissues and that mass spectrometric and pull-down analysis identified DNAJC7 as a substrate of CCP6 and showed upregulated polyglutamylated-DNAJC7 (polyE-DNAJC7) in sera of RCC patients. The electrochemiluminescence immunoassay of large-scale serum samples from multi-institutes further confirmed the remarkable increase of polyE-DNAJC7 in 805 RCCs compared to that of 385 healthy controls (p < 0.001), 128 patients with chronic nephritis (p < 0.001), and 153 with kidney stone (p < 0.001). Serum level of DNAJC7-polyE protein was also associated with advanced RCC stage and grade in 805 patients. The data from the current study for the first time demonstrated increased serum polyglutamylated DNAJC7 as a potential biomarker for RCC early detection and association with advanced tumor stages and grade, which provides support of further polyglutamylation research in RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.,Laboratory Animal Center, CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Laboratory Animal Center, CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Center, CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juan Ding
- The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shuangchun Ren
- The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory of Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Song Wu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yong Tian
- Laboratory Animal Center, CAS Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guo-Qing Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
O'Reilly C, Doroudian M, Mawhinney L, Donnelly SC. Targeting MIF in Cancer: Therapeutic Strategies, Current Developments, and Future Opportunities. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:440-60. [PMID: 26777977 DOI: 10.1002/med.21385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Strong evidence has been presented linking chronic inflammation to the onset and pathogenesis of cancer. The multifunctional pro-inflammatory protein macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) occupies a central role in the inflammatory pathway and has been implicated in the tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of many cancer phenotypes. This review highlights the current state of the art, which presents MIF, and the second member of the MIF structural superfamily, D-DT (MIF2), as significant mediators in the inflammatory-cancer axis. Although the mechanism by which MIF asserts its biological activity has yet to be fully understood, it has become clear in recent years that for certain phenotypes of cancer, MIF represents a valid therapeutic target. Current research efforts have focused on small molecule approaches that target MIF's unique tautomerase active site and neutralization of MIF with anti-MIF antibodies. These approaches have yielded promising results in a number of preclinical murine cancer models and have helped to increase our understanding of MIF biological activity. More recently, MIF's involvement in a number of key protein-protein interactions, such as with CD74 and HSP90, has been highlighted and provides a novel platform for the development of anti-MIF chemotherapeutic strategies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciaran O'Reilly
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Doroudian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Leona Mawhinney
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seamas C Donnelly
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi JJ, Jia XL, Li M, Yang N, Li YP, Zhang X, Gao N, Dang SS. Guggulsterone induces apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:13277-87. [PMID: 26715810 PMCID: PMC4679759 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i47.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of guggulsterone on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hepatoma HepG2 cells in vitro and relevant mechanisms. METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and normal human liver L-02 cells were treated with different concentrations of guggulsterone (5-100 μmol/L) for 24-72 h. Cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry (FACS). Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA and protein expression was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF contents were determined by ELISA. RESULTS Guggulsterone significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. FACS showed that guggulsterone arrested HepG2 cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Guggulsterone induced apoptosis was also observed in HepG2 cells, with 24.91% ± 2.41% and 53.03% ± 2.28% of apoptotic cells in response to the treatment with 50 μmol/L and 75 μmol/L guggulsterone, respectively. Bax mRNA and protein expression was significantly increased and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression was decreased. ELISA analysis showed that the concentrations of TGF-β1 and VEGF were significantly decreased and TNF-α concentration was increased. CONCLUSION Guggulsterone exerts its anticancer effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Guggulsterone induces apoptosis by activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
|
9
|
Samadi AK, Bilsland A, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Bishayee A, Azmi AS, Lokeshwar BL, Grue B, Panis C, Boosani CS, Poudyal D, Stafforini DM, Bhakta D, Niccolai E, Guha G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Fujii H, Honoki K, Mehta K, Aquilano K, Lowe L, Hofseth LJ, Ricciardiello L, Ciriolo MR, Singh N, Whelan RL, Chaturvedi R, Ashraf SS, Shantha Kumara HMC, Nowsheen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Helferich WG, Yang X. A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S151-S184. [PMID: 25951989 PMCID: PMC4635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State Univeristy, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clawson GA, Matters GL, Xin P, Imamura-Kawasawa Y, Du Z, Thiboutot DM, Helm KF, Neves RI, Abraham T. Macrophage-tumor cell fusions from peripheral blood of melanoma patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134320. [PMID: 26267609 PMCID: PMC4534457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the morbidity and mortality from cancer are largely attributable to its metastatic dissemination, the integral features of the cascade are not well understood. The widely accepted hypothesis is that the primary tumor microenvironment induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, facilitating their escape into the bloodstream, possibly accompanied by cancer stem cells. An alternative theory for metastasis involves fusion of macrophages with tumor cells (MTFs). Here we culture and characterize apparent MTFs from blood of melanoma patients. Methods We isolated enriched CTC populations from peripheral blood samples from melanoma patients, and cultured them. We interrogated these cultured cells for characteristic BRAF mutations, and used confocal microscopy for immunophenotyping, motility, DNA content and chromatin texture analyses, and then conducted xenograft studies using nude mice. Findings Morphologically, the cultured MTFs were generally large with many pseudopod extensions and lamellipodia. Ultrastructurally, the cultured MTFs appeared to be macrophages. They were rich in mitochondria and lysosomes, as well as apparent melanosomes. The cultured MTF populations were all heterogeneous with regard to DNA content, containing aneuploid and/or high-ploidy cells, and they typically showed large sheets (and/or clumps) of cytoplasmic chromatin. This cytoplasmic DNA was found within heterogeneously-sized autophagic vacuoles, which prominently contained chromatin and micronuclei. Cultured MTFs uniformly expressed pan-macrophage markers (CD14, CD68) and macrophage markers indicative of M2 polarization (CD163, CD204, CD206). They also expressed melanocyte-specific markers (ALCAM, MLANA), epithelial biomarkers (KRT, EpCAM), as well as the pro-carcinogenic cytokine MIF along with functionally related stem cell markers (CXCR4, CD44). MTF cultures from individual patients (5 of 8) contained melanoma-specific BRAF activating mutations. Chromatin texture analysis of deconvoluted images showed condensed DNA (DAPI-intense) regions similar to focal regions described in stem cell fusions. MTFs were readily apparent in vivo in all human melanomas examined, often exhibiting even higher DNA content than the cultured MTFs. When cultured MTFs were transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice, they disseminated and produced metastatic lesions at distant sites. Conclusions and Hypothesis Apparent MTFs are present in peripheral blood of patients with cutaneous melanomas, and they possess the ability to form metastatic lesions when transplanted into mice. We hypothesize that these MTFs arise at the periphery of primary tumors in vivo, that they readily enter the bloodstream and invade distant tissues, secreting cytokines (such as MIF) to prepare “niches” for colonization by metastasis initiating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Clawson
- Department of Pathology and Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gail L. Matters
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Pathology and Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuka Imamura-Kawasawa
- Department of Pharmacology and the Institute for Personalized Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhen Du
- Department of Pathology and Gittlen Cancer Research Laboratories, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Diane M. Thiboutot
- Department of Dermatology, Division of Health Science Research, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Klaus F. Helm
- Department of Dermatopathology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rogerio I. Neves
- Department of Surgery and the Melanoma Center, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Science and the Microscopy Imaging Facility, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ransohoff RM. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, the Zelig of cytokines, is a chaperone for SOD1 in non-neuronal cells. Neuron 2015; 86:2-3. [PMID: 25856475 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic properties of mutant SOD1 in ALS likely involve binding to mitochondrial and ER membranes. In this issue of Neuron, Israelson et al. (2015) show that motor neurons, selectively vulnerable in ALS, lack a chaperone that precludes mSOD1 binding intracellular membranes in other cells. This chaperone is identified as the pleiotropic cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
Collapse
|
12
|
Differential profiles of gastrointestinal proteins interacting with peptidoglycans from Lactobacillus plantarum and Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Immunol 2015; 65:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
13
|
Abou El Azm AR, Yousef M, Kobtan A, Awad A, Elkassas G, Elfert A. Colonic mucosal expression of heat-shock proteins may have a potential prognostic value in ulcerative colitis. Arab J Gastroenterol 2015; 16:20-4. [PMID: 25797489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong, chronic, progressive, and relapsing inflammatory disease. Endoscopy with biopsies is the mainstay in diagnosis and assessment. The development of biomarkers is important for the diagnosis and follow-up of UC. We investigated the expression of molecular chaperones/heat-shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) in relation to the grades of inflammation and dysplasia in patients with UC before and after treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 104 naïve patients with UC of varying severity were admitted to the Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University Hospital. Ten biopsies from the healthy mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) served as a control. Disease activity was assessed clinically using the Mayo score system. Endoscopic mucosal biopsies were taken at diagnosis and 6 months after treatment. Histopathological activity was graded for inflammation and dysplasia. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the percentage of cells positive for HSPs. The results were expressed in a semiquantitative scale. RESULTS The expression of both HSP70 and HSP90 increased in patients with UC at the time of disease activity, and it decreased after treatment and remission. There was a significant correlation between the expression of both proteins and the grades of dysplasia as well as inflammation (P < 0.05). Strong expression of HSPs that persisted after treatment has been associated with cases of true dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that HSP70 and HSP90 had the potential for assessment of the activity and prognosis of UC. They can also predict the presence of dysplasia and differentiate it from reactive atypia. Larger studies are needed to confirm this diagnostic and prognostic value of HSPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Raouf Abou El Azm
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yousef
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman Kobtan
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aymen Awad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Galal Elkassas
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Asem Elfert
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dziedzic P, Cisneros JA, Robertson MJ, Hare AA, Danford NE, Baxter RHG, Jorgensen WL. Design, synthesis, and protein crystallography of biaryltriazoles as potent tautomerase inhibitors of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2996-3003. [PMID: 25697265 DOI: 10.1021/ja512112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimization is reported for biaryltriazoles as inhibitors of the tautomerase activity of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and cancer. A combined approach was taken featuring organic synthesis, enzymatic assaying, crystallography, and modeling including free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations. X-ray crystal structures for 3a and 3b bound to MIF are reported and provided a basis for the modeling efforts. The accommodation of the inhibitors in the binding site is striking with multiple hydrogen bonds and aryl-aryl interactions. Additional modeling encouraged pursuit of 5-phenoxyquinolinyl analogues, which led to the very potent compound 3s. Activity was further enhanced by addition of a fluorine atom adjacent to the phenolic hydroxyl group as in 3w, 3z, 3aa, and 3bb to strengthen a key hydrogen bond. It is also shown that physical properties of the compounds can be modulated by variation of solvent-exposed substituents. Several of the compounds are likely the most potent known MIF tautomerase inhibitors; the most active ones are more than 1000-fold more active than the well-studied (R)-ISO-1 and more than 200-fold more active than the chromen-4-one Orita-13.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Dziedzic
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Endosomal trafficking of nanoformulated antiretroviral therapy facilitates drug particle carriage and HIV clearance. J Virol 2014; 88:9504-13. [PMID: 24920821 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01557-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Limitations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) include poor patient adherence, drug toxicities, viral resistance, and failure to penetrate viral reservoirs. Recent developments in nanoformulated ART (nanoART) could overcome such limitations. To this end, we now report a novel effect of nanoART that facilitates drug depots within intracellular compartments at or adjacent to the sites of the viral replication cycle. Poloxamer 407-coated nanocrystals containing the protease inhibitor atazanavir (ATV) were prepared by high-pressure homogenization. These drug particles readily accumulated in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). NanoATV concentrations were ∼1,000 times higher in cells than those that could be achieved by the native drug. ATV particles in late and recycling endosome compartments were seen following pulldown by immunoaffinity chromatography with Rab-specific antibodies conjugated to magnetic beads. Confocal microscopy provided cross validation by immunofluorescent staining of the compartments. Mathematical modeling validated drug-endosomal interactions. Measures of reverse transcriptase activity and HIV-1 p24 levels in culture media and cells showed that such endosomal drug concentrations enhanced antiviral responses up to 1,000-fold. We conclude that late and recycling endosomes can serve as depots for nanoATV. The colocalization of nanoATV at endosomal sites of viral assembly and its slow release sped antiretroviral activities. Long-acting nanoART can serve as a drug carrier in both cells and subcellular compartments and, as such, can facilitate viral clearance. IMPORTANCE The need for long-acting ART is significant and highlighted by limitations in drug access, toxicity, adherence, and reservoir penetrance. We propose that targeting nanoformulated drugs to infected tissues, cells, and subcellular sites of viral replication may improve clinical outcomes. Endosomes are sites for human immunodeficiency virus assembly, and increasing ART concentrations in such sites enhances viral clearance. The current work uncovers a new mechanism by which nanoART can enhance viral clearance over native drug formulations.
Collapse
|
16
|
Palomo JM. Solid-phase peptide synthesis: an overview focused on the preparation of biologically relevant peptides. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailor-made design preparation of complex peptide sequence including posttranslational modifications, fluorescent labels, unnatural amino acids are of exceptional value for biological studies of several important diseases. The possibility to obtain these molecules in sufficient amounts in relative short time is thanks to the solid-phase approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Palomo
- Departamento of Biocatalisis
- Instituto de Catalisis (CSIC)
- Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|