1
|
Chang JYF, Tseng CH, Lu PH, Wang YP. Contemporary Molecular Analyses of Malignant Tumors for Precision Treatment and the Implication in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Pers Med 2021; 12:jpm12010012. [PMID: 35055327 PMCID: PMC8780757 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New molecular tests and methods, in addition to morphology-based diagnosis, are widely used as a new standard of care in many tumors. “One-size-fits-all medicine” is now shifting to precision medicine. This review is intended to discuss the key steps toward to development of precision medicine and its implication in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The challenges and opportunities of precision medicine in oral cancer will be sequentially discussed based on the four steps of precision medicine: identification/detection, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Yu Fong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.Y.F.C.); (C.-H.T.); (P.H.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Huang Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.Y.F.C.); (C.-H.T.); (P.H.L.)
- Division of Oral Pathology & Maxillofacial Radiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Division Oral & Maxillofacial Imaging Center, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pei Hsuan Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.Y.F.C.); (C.-H.T.); (P.H.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (J.Y.F.C.); (C.-H.T.); (P.H.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 67987)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rudd SE, Van Zuylekom JK, Raicevic A, Pearce LA, Cullinane C, Williams CC, Adams TE, Hicks RJ, Donnelly PS. Enzyme mediated incorporation of zirconium-89 or copper-64 into a fragment antibody for same day imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9004-9016. [PMID: 34276928 PMCID: PMC8261882 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01422f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of tumors which over-express Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is important in selecting patients for anti-EGFR therapies. Enzymatic bioconjugation was used to introduce positron-emitting radionuclides (89Zr, 64Cu) into an anti-EGFR antibody fragment for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging the same day as injection. A monovalent antibody fragment with high affinity for EGFR was engineered to include a sequence that is recognized by the transpeptidase sortase A. Two different metal chelators, one for 89ZrIV and one for 64CuII, were modified with a N-terminal glycine to enable them to act as substrates in sortase A mediated bioconjugation to the antibody fragment. Both fragments provided high-quality PET images of EGFR positive tumors in a mouse model at 3 hours post-injection, a significant advantage when compared to radiolabeled full antibodies that require several days between injection of the tracer and imaging. The use of enzymatic bioconjugation gives reproducible homogeneous products with the metal complexes selectively installed on the C-terminus of the antibody potentially simplifying regulatory approval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Rudd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science, Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | | | - Anna Raicevic
- CSIRO Manufacturing Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | | | - Carleen Cullinane
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | | | | | - Rodney J Hicks
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science, Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu S. Development of treatment options for Chinese patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer: focus on afatinib. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1521-1538. [PMID: 30863118 PMCID: PMC6390854 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s188296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in China, and approximately one third of these cancers are squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) of the lung. Ethnic diversity and country-specific environmental factors can account for interindividual variations in response to and tolerability of anticancer therapies. Although several targeted therapies have recently been approved for patients with relapsed/refractory SqCC of the lung, only afatinib, an irreversible ErbB family blocker, has data of Chinese patients. In the Phase III LUX-Lung 8 trial, afatinib demonstrated a significant clinical benefit vs the reversible first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib in both the overall population and the Chinese subset, with a manageable safety profile. Emerging biomarker data from LUX-Lung 8 suggest that patients with ErbB mutations, especially ErbB2, and those classified as “good” in the VeriStrat® proteomic test, may benefit from afatinib treatment in particular, regardless of ethnicity, and may get a long-term response. In conclusion, afatinib is a valid second-line option for Chinese patients with SqCC of the lung, and specific biomarkers may help guide in treatment decision-making. Ongoing studies will provide further guidance on afatinib’s place in the treatment algorithm, alongside the other novel targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pirker R, Filipits M. Adjuvant Therapy in Patients With Completely Resected Non–small-cell Lung Cancer: Current Status and Perspectives. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 20:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
5
|
Quoix E, Westeel V. Time to give a rest to cetuximab in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma? J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S3043-S3046. [PMID: 30370073 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.08.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Quoix
- Department of Pneumology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Westeel
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Jean Minjoz, INSERM UMR 1098, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Landi L, Rossi A. Cetuximab in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: FISHing for a miraculous catch. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S1940-S1944. [PMID: 30023086 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Landi
- Medical Oncology Department, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care (IRCCS) "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (Foggia), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tiefenbacher A, Pirker R. Systemic treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: controversies and perspectives. MEMO-MAGAZINE OF EUROPEAN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2018; 11:112-115. [PMID: 29983826 PMCID: PMC6006273 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-018-0408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receive first-line therapy with chemotherapy, targeted therapies in case of tumors with driver mutations, and more recently also immune checkpoint inhibitors. Important controversies include the role of targeted therapies in combination with chemotherapy, optimal sequencing of treatments, treatment guidance by means of predictive biomarkers, and value-based judgements of treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pirker R. EGFR monoclonal antibody biomarkers in advanced NSCLC: from translational research to clinical implementation. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19:10-12. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(17)30873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
9
|
Tiefenbacher A, Pirker R. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first-line therapy in advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer: strategies to improve clinical outcome. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:4208-4211. [PMID: 29268473 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chae YK, Arya A, Chiec L, Shah H, Rosenberg A, Patel S, Raparia K, Choi J, Wainwright DA, Villaflor V, Cristofanilli M, Giles F. Challenges and future of biomarker tests in the era of precision oncology: Can we rely on immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to select the optimal patients for matched therapy? Oncotarget 2017; 8:100863-100898. [PMID: 29246028 PMCID: PMC5725070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular techniques have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer development. These techniques have also fueled the rational development of targeted drugs for patient populations stratified by their genetic characteristics. These novel methods have changed the classic paradigm of diagnostic pathology; among them are IHC, FISH, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray technology. IHC and FISH detection methods for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as routine clinical practice for cancer patients. Here, we discuss general challenges related to the predictive power of these molecular biomarkers for targeted therapy in cancer medicine. We will also discuss the prospects of utilizing new biomarkers for fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMET/MET) targeted therapies for developing new and robust predictive biomarkers in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Chae
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayush Arya
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Chiec
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hiral Shah
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ari Rosenberg
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandip Patel
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kirtee Raparia
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victoria Villaflor
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thakur MK, Wozniak AJ. Spotlight on necitumumab in the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2017; 8:13-19. [PMID: 28293124 PMCID: PMC5342611 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The treatment options for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have expanded dramatically in the last 10 years with the discovery of newer drugs and targeted therapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), when aberrantly activated, promotes cell growth and contributes in various ways to the malignant process. EGFR has become an important therapeutic target in a variety of malignancies. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of EGFR are being used to treat advanced NSCLC and are particularly effective in the presence of EGFR mutations. Monoclonal antibodies have also been developed that block the EGFR at the cell surface and work in conjunction with chemotherapy. Necitumumab is a second-generation fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that has shown promise in metastatic NSCLC. The benefit has mostly been restricted to squamous cell lung cancer in the frontline setting. Considering that the survival advantage for these patients was modest, there is a need to discover biomarkers that will predict which patients will likely have the best outcomes. This review focuses on the development and clinical trial experience with necitumumab in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Thakur
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pirker R. Milestones in the systemic treatment of lung cancer. MEMO-MAGAZINE OF EUROPEAN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY 2017; 10:22-26. [PMID: 28367252 PMCID: PMC5357246 DOI: 10.1007/s12254-017-0313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several milestones in the systemic treatment of lung cancer have been reached. Combination chemotherapy of small cell lung cancer was the first of these milestones. The establishment of palliative chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer was another important milestone. Targeted therapies with angiogenesis inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, and ALK inhibitors also advanced treatment. The clinical introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors was the latest milestone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pirker R, Filipits M. Personalized treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in routine clinical practice. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 35:141-50. [PMID: 26970967 PMCID: PMC4821865 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Personalized treatment of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer based on clinical and molecular tumor features has entered clinical routine practice. The 2015 pathological classification of lung cancer mandates immunohistochemical and molecular analysis. Therapeutic strategies focused on inhibition of angiogenesis and growth factor receptor signaling. Inhibitors of angiogenesis and monoclonal antibodies directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor have shown efficacy in combination with chemotherapy. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase have become clinically relevant therapeutic targets. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are also entering routine clinical practice. Identification of predictive biomarkers is essential and faces several challenges including tumor heterogeneity and dynamic changes of tumor features over time. Liquid biopsies may overcome some of these challenges in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin Filipits
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Real-World Setting in Central Europe: The INSIGHT Study. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 10:1370-1374. [PMID: 26291014 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ImplementatioN of perSonalized medicine In NSCLC in Central Europe: EGFR testing, Histopathology, and clinical feaTures (INSIGHT) observational study assessed both implementation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing and treatment of patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a real-world setting in Central Europe. A total of 1785 patients from 14 cancer centers of six Central European countries were enrolled. EGFR mutations were detected in tumors of 13.8% of the patients. More than 70% of patients with advanced EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC received EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors as first-line therapy. The INSIGHT study demonstrated the establishment of EGFR mutation testing, a mutation rate consistent with other Caucasian patients populations, and adherence to current guidelines regarding treatment of patients with EGFR mutation-positive tumors in Central Europe.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dotto GP, Rustgi AK. Squamous Cell Cancers: A Unified Perspective on Biology and Genetics. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:622-637. [PMID: 27165741 PMCID: PMC4870309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) represent the most frequent human solid tumors and are a major cause of cancer mortality. These highly heterogeneous tumors arise from closely interconnected epithelial cell populations with intrinsic self-renewal potential inversely related to the stratified differentiation program. SCCs can also originate from simple or pseudo-stratified epithelia through activation of quiescent cells and/or a switch in cell-fate determination. Here, we focus on specific determinants implicated in the development of SCCs by recent large-scale genomic, genetic, and epigenetic studies, and complementary functional analysis. The evidence indicates that SCCs from various body sites, while clinically treated as separate entities, have common determinants, pointing to a unified perspective of the disease and potential new avenues for prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zugazagoitia J, Ponce S, Paz-Ares L. Necitumumab for first-line treatment of advanced, squamous, non-small-cell lung cancer: a relevant step forward? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 5:95-7. [PMID: 26958500 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2015.08.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Zugazagoitia
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ponce
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 2016; 28:115-21. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
18
|
Pirker R, Filipits M. Alectinib in RET-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer-Another progress in precision medicine? Transl Lung Cancer Res 2016; 4:797-800. [PMID: 26798590 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2015.03.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RET fusions have been recognized as potential therapeutic targets in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. RET fusion proteins are detected in about 2% of lung adenocarcinomas. Alectinib, a second generation ALK inhibitor, was shown to block growth of cells with RET fusions. Thus alectinib should be further evaluated within clinical trials in patients with RET fusion-positive adenocarcinomas of the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pirker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Filipits
- Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|