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Webster BR, Gopal N, Ball MW. Tumorigenesis Mechanisms Found in Hereditary Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2122. [PMID: 36421797 PMCID: PMC9690265 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is a heterogenous cancer composed of an increasing number of unique subtypes each with their own cellular and tumor behavior. The study of hereditary renal cell carcinoma, which composes just 5% of all types of tumor cases, has allowed for the elucidation of subtype-specific tumorigenesis mechanisms that can also be applied to their sporadic counterparts. This review will focus on the major forms of hereditary renal cell carcinoma and the genetic alterations contributing to their tumorigenesis, including von Hippel Lindau syndrome, Hereditary Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma, Succinate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma, Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma, BRCA Associated Protein 1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis, Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome and Translocation RCC. The mechanisms for tumorigenesis described in this review are beginning to be exploited via the utilization of novel targets to treat renal cell carcinoma in a subtype-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark W. Ball
- Center for Cancer Research, Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute/NIH, 10 Center Drive, CRC Room 2W-5940, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe current paradigms for genetic testing, screening, and treatment of patients with inherited kidney cancer syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS We describe various new aspects of hereditary kidney cancer. Recent data now support that hereditary kidney cancer may account for 5-8% of kidney cancers diagnosed. Methods of testing have evolved including the introduction of multigene next-generation sequencing panels. We continue to learn more about the natural history and management of classic hereditary cancer syndromes. New emerging conditions with lower kidney cancer penetrance have been recognized adding the growing list of syndromes associated with kidney cancer development. The surgical management strategies of enucleation remain however systemic therapy options are being explored both for localized and advanced settings. SUMMARY Genetic predisposition to kidney cancer is likely more common than once thought. Knowledge of clinical manifestation and genetic testing strategies are needed to properly identify and treat patient and their families.
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Shiomi E, Sugai T, Ishida K, Osakabe M, Tsuyukubo T, Kato Y, Takata R, Obara W. Analysis of Expression Patterns of MicroRNAs That Are Closely Associated With Renal Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:431. [PMID: 31214494 PMCID: PMC6555129 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are frequently dysregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the role of miRNA expression patterns in renal carcinogenesis and to identify the specific miRNAs that exhibit expression patterns closely associated with patient outcomes. Methods: We examined the expression patterns of selected miRNAs, including miRNA-155-5p, miRNA-122-5p, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-185-5p, miRNA-106a-5p, miRNA-106b-3p, miRNA-34b-3p, miRNA-210-3p, miRNA-141-3p, miRNA-200c-3p, miRNA-135a-5p, miRNA-30a-5p, miRNA-218-5p, miRNA-429, miRNA-200a-3p and miRNA-200b-3p, in 96 samples of ccRCCs using the TaqMan real-time PCR method. In addition, cluster analysis was performed to stratify expression patterns of multiple miRNAs. Results: In the present study, three distinct subgroups could be clearly stratified in ccRCCs. Subgroup 1 was characterized by upregulation of miRNA-155-5p, miRNA-122-5p, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-185-5p, miRNA-106a-5p, miRNA-106b-3p, miRNA-34b-3p and miRNA-210-3p. Subgroup 2 was closely associated with downregulation of miRNA-141-3p, miRNA200c-3p, miRNA-30a-5p, miRNA-218-5p, miRNA-429, miRNA-200a-3p and miRNA-200b-3p. Moreover, significant lower expression of miRNA-135a-5p was a distinctive feature of subgroup 3, which was correlated with metachronous metastasis. Among the individual markers in subgroup 3, miRNA-135a-5p was retained in multivariate analysis. The cutoff value of miRNA-135a-5p expression to identify the association of an altered level of miRNA-135a-5p with metachronous metastasis in ccRCCs was determined and showed excellent specificity. Conclusion: We suggest that the expression pattern of the chosen miRNAs is useful to identify renal carcinogenesis and to help identify the association of such expression patterns with metachronous metastasis in ccRCCs. In addition, miRNA-135a-5p was an excellent marker for prediction of metachronous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Shiomi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishida
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuyukubo
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kato
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Ryo Takata
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Wataru Obara
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Suster D, Ronen S, Peterson JF, Mackinnon AC, Hes O, Suster S, Lin DI. MDM2 amplification and immunohistochemical expression in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2019; 87:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Current Status of Immunotherapy for Localized and Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7309205. [PMID: 31057615 PMCID: PMC6463563 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7309205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Systemic therapy strategies in the setting of localized and locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have continued to evolve in two directions: as adjuvant therapy (to reduce risk of recurrence or progression in high risk localized groups), or as neoadjuvant therapy as a strategy to render primary renal tumors amenable to planned surgical resection in settings where radical resection or nephron-sparing surgery was not thought to be safe or feasible. In the realm of adjuvant therapy, the results of phase III randomized clinical trials have been mixed and contradictory; nonetheless based on the findings of the landmark S-TRAC study, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sunitinib has been approved as an adjuvant agent in the United States. In the realm of neoadjuvant therapy, presurgical tumor reduction has been demonstrated in a number of phase II studies utilizing targeted molecular agents. The advent of immunomodulation through checkpoint inhibition as first line therapy for metastatic RCC represents an exciting horizon for adjuvant and neoadjuvant strategies. This article reviews the current status and future prospects of adjuvant and neoadjuvant immunotherapy in localized and locally advanced RCC.
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Patel HV, Srivastava A, Shinder B, Sadimin E, Singer EA. Strengthening the foundation of kidney cancer treatment and research: revising the AJCC staging system. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S33. [PMID: 31032312 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.02.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiren V Patel
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Arnav Srivastava
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Brian Shinder
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Evita Sadimin
- Section of Urologic Pathology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Eric A Singer
- Section of Urologic Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Giuliano S, Dufies M, Ndiaye PD, Viotti J, Borchiellini D, Parola J, Vial V, Cormerais Y, Ohanna M, Imbert V, Chamorey E, Rioux-Leclercq N, Savina A, Ferrero JM, Mograbi B, Pagès G. Resistance to lysosomotropic drugs used to treat kidney and breast cancers involves autophagy and inflammation and converges in inducing CXCL5. Theranostics 2019; 9:1181-1199. [PMID: 30867824 PMCID: PMC6401402 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomotropic agents such as sunitinib, lapatinib, and chloroquine belong to a drug family that is being used more frequently to treat advanced cancers. Sunitinib is standard care for metastatic renal cell carcinomas (mRCC) and lapatinib is used for trastuzumab/pertuzumab-refractory cancers. However, patients ineluctably relapse with a delay varying from a few months to a few years. To improve reactivity prior to relapse it is essential to identify the mechanisms leading to such variability. We showed previously that sunitinib became sequestered in lysosomes because of its basic pKa. Methods: Modifications to gene expression in response to sunitinib and in sunitinib resistant cells were analyzed by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. ROS production was evaluated by FACS. Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFkB)-dependent transcriptional regulation of inflammatory gene expression was evaluated with a reporter gene. Correlation of CXCL5 with survival was analyzed with an online available data base (TCGA) and using a cohort of patients enrolled in the SUVEGIL clinical trial (NCT00943839). Results: We now show that sunitinib sequestration in lysosomes induced an incomplete autophagic process leading to activation of the NFkB inflammatory pathway. We defined a subset of inflammatory cytokines that were up-regulated by the drug either after an acute or chronic stimulus. One of the most up-regulated genes in sunitinib-resistant cells was the CXCL5 cytokine. CXCL5 was also induced in RCC by chloroquine and in a model of HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines after acute or chronic treatment with lapatinib. CXCL5 correlated to shorter survival in RCC and to the most aggressive forms of breast cancers. The levels of CXCL5 present in the plasma of patients treated with sunitinib were predictive of the efficacy of sunitinib but not of the VEGF-directed antibody bevacizumab. Conclusion: This translational study identified CXCL5 as a biomarker of efficacy of lysosomotropic drugs, a potential asset for personalized medicine.
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Kang M, Chang CT, Sung HH, Jeon HG, Jeong BC, Seo SI, Jeon SS, Choi HY, Lee HM. Prognostic Significance of Pre- to Postoperative Dynamics of the Prognostic Nutritional Index for Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Who Underwent Radical Nephrectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2017; 24:4067-4075. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-017-6065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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