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Anil A, Raheja R, Gibu D, Raj AS, Spurthi S. Uncovering the Links Between Dietary Sugar and Cancer: A Narrative Review Exploring the Impact of Dietary Sugar and Fasting on Cancer Risk and Prevention. Cureus 2024; 16:e67434. [PMID: 39310400 PMCID: PMC11415310 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.67434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last several years, the scientific community has grown concerned about the relationship between dietary sugar intake and cancer development. The main causes of concern are the increasing intake of processed foods rich in sugar and the rising incidence of cancer cases. This study aims to uncover the complex relationship between sugar consumption and cancer development and its progression, with a particular focus on investigating whether fasting can protect against this condition. Our review provides a detailed discussion of the molecular aspects of the sugar-cancer relationship and an analysis of the existing literature. It explains how sugar affects cell signaling, inflammation, and hormonal pathways associated with the development of cancer. We also explored the new role of fasting in the prevention of cancer and its impact on cancer patients. This encompasses fasting-triggered autophagy, metabolic alterations, and possible health benefits, which form the major concern of this paper. Thus, by deepening the knowledge of these relations and providing the results of the analysis accompanied by concise and meaningful illustrations to facilitate the understanding of the data, we open the door to the further development of ideas to minimize the rates of cancer and improve overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashik Anil
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, East Point Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Ronak Raheja
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore, IND
| | - Diya Gibu
- Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, IND
| | - Aravind S Raj
- General Practice, Amrita Institute of Medical Science, Kochi, IND
| | - S Spurthi
- Immuno-Oncology Research, KLE University, Bangalore, IND
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Sengupta PP, Vucic E. Expert-Level Intelligence for Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Detection: Can Radiomics Bridge the Gap? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2023:S1936-878X(23)00185-7. [PMID: 37227332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Partho P Sengupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Hypertension, Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
| | - Esad Vucic
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, RWJ-BH Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Development and Validation of the Random Forest Model via Combining CT-PET Image Features and Demographic Data for Distant Metastases among Lung Cancer Patients. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7793533. [PMID: 36561373 PMCID: PMC9767733 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7793533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The work aimed at developing and validating a random forest model of CT-PET image features combined with demographic data to diagnose distant metastases among lung cancer patients. This study involved lung cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas lung adenocarcinoma (TCGA-LUAD) dataset, the lung PET-CT dataset, the lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) dataset, and the National Cancer Institute's Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium lung adenocarcinoma (CPTAC-LUAD) dataset and collected the information on 178 CT, 178 PET, and the patients' age, history of smoking, and gender. We conducted image processing and feature extraction. Finally, 4 computed tomography (CT) image features and 2 positron emission tomography (PET) image features were extracted. Four prediction models based on CT image features, PET image features, and demographic data were developed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of prediction models. A total of 178 eligible samples were randomly divided into a training set (n = 134) and a testing set (n = 44) at a ratio of 3 : 1, with 2021 as a random number. ROC analyses illustrated that the predictive performance for distant metastases of combining CT-PET image features and demographic data for training and testing were 0.923 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.873-0.973) and 0.873 (95% CI: 0.757-0.990). In addition, the predictive performance of the combined model in the testing set was significantly better than that of the CT-demographic data model (0.716, 95% CI: 0.531-0.902), PET-demographic data model (0.802, 95% CI: 0.633-0.970), and CT-PET model (0.797, 95% CI: 0.666-0.928). The random forest model via combining CT-PET image features and demographic data could have great performance in predicting distant metastases among lung cancer patients.
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Krarup MMK, Fischer BM, Christensen TN. New PET Tracers: Current Knowledge and Perspectives in Lung Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:781-796. [PMID: 35752465 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PET/CT with the tracer 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) has improved diagnostic imaging in cancer and is routinely used for diagnosing, staging and treatment planning in lung cancer patients. However, pitfalls of [18F]FDG-PET/CT limit the use in specific settings. Additionally, lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer associated death and has high risk of recurrence after curative treatment. These circumstances have led to the continuous search for more sensitive and specific PET tracers to optimize lung cancer diagnosis, staging, treatment planning and evaluation. The objective of this review is to present and discuss current knowledge and perspectives of new PET tracers for use in lung cancer. A literature search was performed on PubMed and clinicaltrials.gov, limited to the past decade, excluding case reports, preclinical studies and studies on established tracers such as [18F]FDG and DOTATE. The most relevant papers from the search were evaluated. Several tracers have been developed targeting specific tumor characteristics and hallmarks of cancer. A small number of tracers have been studied extensively and evaluated head-to-head with [18F]FDG-PET/CT, whereas others need further investigation and validation in larger clinical trials. At this moment, none of the tracers can replace [18F]FDG-PET/CT. However, they might serve as supplementary imaging methods to provide more knowledge about biological tumor characteristics and visualize intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie M K Krarup
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Copehagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Barbara M Fischer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Univeristy of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tine N Christensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Copehagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Anan N, Zainon R, Tamal M. A review on advances in 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics standardisation and application in lung disease management. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:22. [PMID: 35124733 PMCID: PMC8817778 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-01153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiomics analysis quantifies the interpolation of multiple and invisible molecular features present in diagnostic and therapeutic images. Implementation of 18-fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) radiomics captures various disorders in non-invasive and high-throughput manner. 18F-FDG PET/CT accurately identifies the metabolic and anatomical changes during cancer progression. Therefore, the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the field of oncology is well established. Clinical application of 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomics in lung infection and inflammation is also an emerging field. Combination of bioinformatics approaches or textual analysis allows radiomics to extract additional information to predict cell biology at the micro-level. However, radiomics texture analysis is affected by several factors associated with image acquisition and processing. At present, researchers are working on mitigating these interrupters and developing standardised workflow for texture biomarker establishment. This review article focuses on the application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting lung diseases specifically on cancer, infection and inflammation. An overview of different approaches and challenges encountered on standardisation of 18F-FDG PET/CT technique has also been highlighted. The review article provides insights about radiomics standardisation and application of 18F-FDG PET/CT in lung disease management.
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Leong TKM, Lo WS, Lee WEZ, Tan B, Lee XZ, Lee LWJN, Lee JYJ, Suresh N, Loo LH, Szu E, Yeong J. Leveraging advances in immunopathology and artificial intelligence to analyze in vitro tumor models in composition and space. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113959. [PMID: 34481035 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Unfortunately, efforts to understand this disease are confounded by the complex, heterogenous tumor microenvironment (TME). Better understanding of the TME could lead to novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic discoveries. One way to achieve this involves in vitro tumor models that recapitulate the in vivo TME composition and spatial arrangement. Here, we review the potential of harnessing in vitro tumor models and artificial intelligence to delineate the TME. This includes (i) identification of novel features, (ii) investigation of higher-order relationships, and (iii) analysis and interpretation of multiomics data in a (iv) holistic, objective, reproducible, and efficient manner, which surpasses previous methods of TME analysis. We also discuss limitations of this approach, namely inadequate datasets, indeterminate biological correlations, ethical concerns, and logistical constraints; finally, we speculate on future avenues of research that could overcome these limitations, ultimately translating to improved clinical outcomes.
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Opposits G, Nagy M, Barta Z, Aranyi C, Szabó D, Makai A, Varga I, Galuska L, Trón L, Balkay L, Emri M. Automated procedure assessing the accuracy of HRCT-PET registration applied in functional virtual bronchoscopy. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:69. [PMID: 34312736 PMCID: PMC8313651 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchoscopy serves as direct visualisation of the airway. Virtual bronchoscopy provides similar visual information using a non-invasive imaging procedure(s). Early and accurate image-guided diagnosis requires the possible highest performance, which might be approximated by combining anatomical and functional imaging. This communication describes an advanced functional virtual bronchoscopic (fVB) method based on the registration of PET images to high-resolution diagnostic CT images instead of low-dose CT images of lower resolution obtained from PET/CT scans. PET/CT and diagnostic CT data were collected from 22 oncological patients to develop a computer-aided high-precision fVB. Registration of segmented images was performed using elastix.
Results For virtual bronchoscopy, we used an in-house developed segmentation method. The quality of low- and high-dose CT image registrations was characterised by expert’s scoring the spatial distance of manually paired corresponding points and by eight voxel intensity-based (dis)similarity parameters. The distribution of (dis)similarity parameter correlating best with anatomic scoring was bootstrapped, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated separately for acceptable and insufficient registrations. We showed that mutual information (MI) of the eight investigated (dis)similarity parameters displayed the closest correlation with the anatomy-based distance metrics used to characterise the quality of image registrations. The 95% confidence intervals of the bootstrapped MI distribution were [0.15, 0.22] and [0.28, 0.37] for insufficient and acceptable registrations, respectively. In case of any new patient, a calculated MI value of registered low- and high-dose CT image pair within the [0.28, 0.37] or the [0.15, 0.22] interval would suggest acceptance or rejection, respectively, serving as an aid for the radiologist.
Conclusion A computer-aided solution was proposed in order to reduce reliance on radiologist’s contribution for the approval of acceptable image registrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Opposits
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
| | - Marianna Nagy
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,Division of Radiology and Imaging Science, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Barta
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Csaba Aranyi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Dániel Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Makai
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Imre Varga
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - László Galuska
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Lajos Trón
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - László Balkay
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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Gao L, Wang X, Yang X, Gu R, Zhu G, Gao X. A clinicopathologic analysis of microscopic extension in small cell lung cancer and lung adenocarcinoma: Determination of clinical target volume with precise radiotherapy. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:1973-1982. [PMID: 34028192 PMCID: PMC8258354 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification of the clinical target volume (CTV) is particularly important in the precise radiotherapy of lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the extension margin from gross tumor volume (GTV) to CTV in primary small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) by microscopic extension (ME). MATERIAL AND METHODS The data of 25 cases of SCLC and 29 cases of ADC from August 2015 to August 2020 were analyzed. The measurement of tumor size between preoperative thoracic computed tomography (CT) and postoperative macroscopic specimens was compared, and the ME range of tumor cells was measured under a microscope to determine its correlation with clinical features and pathological manifestations. RESULTS A total of 217 slides were examined, corresponding to 103 slides for SCLC and 114 slides for ADC. The radiologic sizes of the tumors in SCLC and ADC were 12.8 and 7.9 mm, respectively (p = 0.09), and the macroscopic sizes were 12.5 and 8.5 mm, respectively (p = 0.07). There was a significant correlation between the radiologic and macroscopic size of the same tumor sample (r = 0.886). Compared with ADC, more SCLC tumor cells infiltrated through vascular or lymphatic dissemination (16% vs. 9%, p = 0.047). The mean ME value was 2.81 mm for SCLC and 2.02 mm for ADC (p = 0.012). To take into account 95% of the ME, a margin of 8 and 7.7 mm must be expanded for SCLC and ADC, respectively. The ME value of the tumor was related to the presence of atelectasis, the location of the tumor, and the Ki-67 cell proliferation index. CONCLUSION The GTV of the tumor was contoured according to CT images, which was basically consistent with the actual tumor size. The GTVs of SCLC and ADC should be expanded by 8 and 7.7 mm, respectively, to fully cover the subclinical lesions in 95% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiongtao Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Runchuan Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangying Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianshu Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chen T, Liu T, Li T, Zhao H, Chen Q. Exhaled breath analysis in disease detection. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 515:61-72. [PMID: 33387463 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the use of exhaled breath analysis to diagnose and monitor different diseases has attracted much interest in recent years. This review introduces conventionally used methods and some emerging technologies aimed at breath analysis and their relevance to lung disease, airway inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic disorders and kidney diseases. One section correlates breath components and specific diseases, whereas the other discusses some unique ideas, strategies, and devices to analyze exhaled breath for the diagnosis of some common diseases. This review aims to briefly introduce the potential application of exhaled breath analysis for the diagnosis and screening of various diseases, thereby providing a new avenue for the detection of non-invasive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tiannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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