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Deen L, Hougaard KS, Clark A, Meyer HW, Frederiksen M, Gunnarsen L, Andersen HV, Hougaard T, Petersen KKU, Ebbehøj NE, Bonde JP, Tøttenborg SS. Cancer Risk following Residential Exposure to Airborne Polychlorinated Biphenyls: A Danish Register-Based Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:107003. [PMID: 36306207 PMCID: PMC9616107 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are biopersistent chemicals classified as human carcinogens. This classification is primarily based on evidence on higher-chlorinated PCBs found in food. The carcinogenic potential of airborne lower-chlorinated PCBs remains largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate cancer risk following residential exposure to airborne PCBs. METHODS Cancer risk was examined in the Health Effects of PCBs in Indoor Air (HESPAIR) cohort of 38,613 residents of two partly PCB-contaminated residential areas in Greater Copenhagen, identified by nationwide registries. PCB exposure was based on relocation dates and indoor air PCB measurements in subsets of apartments. Cancer diagnoses were extracted from the Danish Cancer Registry for the follow-up period of 1970-2018. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios with time-varying cumulative exposure and a 10-y lag using Cox regression. RESULTS Overall risk of cancer was not associated with PCByear, [hazard ratio (HR) for high-exposed vs. low-exposed =0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88, 1.09], but residents exposed to ≥3,000 ng/m3 PCB×year had higher risk of liver cancer (HR =2.81; 95% CI: 1.28, 6.15) and meningiomas (HR =3.49; 95% CI: 1.84, 6.64), with indications of exposure-response relationships. Results were suggestive of a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (HR =1.59; 95% CI: 0.95, 2.64) at the highest aggregated PCB level. For testis cancer, a higher risk was observed among residents exposed to 300-949 ng/m3 PCB×year relative to residents exposed to <300 ng/m3 PCB×year (HR =2.97; 95% CI: 1.41, 6.28), but the risk was not higher for residents exposed to ≥950 ng/m3 PCB×year. Apart from this, the risk of specific cancers was similar across exposure groups. DISCUSSION In this, to our knowledge, first population-based cohort study of residential exposure to airborne PCBs, we found no association between exposure to PCBs in indoor air in private homes and the risk for most of the specific cancers. Higher risk of liver cancer and meningiomas were observed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10605.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Deen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Sørig Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Clark
- Department of Epidemiology, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harald William Meyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Frederiksen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Gunnarsen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Vibeke Andersen
- Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kajsa Kirstine Ugelvig Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Erik Ebbehøj
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Darvishian M, Bhatti P, Gaudreau É, Abanto Z, Choi C, Gallagher RP, Spinelli JJ, Lee TK. Persistent organic pollutants and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma among women. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2022; 5:e1536. [PMID: 34414694 PMCID: PMC9351661 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing trend of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) incidence in Canada, especially among females, few risk factors other than ultraviolet radiation exposure, have been identified. AIM We conducted a case-control study of 406 CMM cases and 181 controls to evaluate the potential impact of body burdens of various persistent organic pollutants on CMM risk. METHODS Detailed data on potential confounding factors, including lifetime repeated sun exposure and skin reaction to repeated sun exposure, were collected. Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to assay plasma levels of 14 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 11 organochlorine (OC) pesticides among cases and controls. RESULTS Statistically significant trends of increased CMM risk were observed with increasing plasma concentrations of multiple PCB congeners, including PCBs 138, 153, 170, 180, 183 and 187. For example, compared to lowest plasma concentration quartile of PCB-138, the second, third and fourth quartiles were associated with 1.7 (95% CI: 0.9-2.9), 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3-4.1) and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.3-4.5) -fold increased risks of CMM, respectively. Similarly, increasing plasma concentrations of several OC pesticides (i.e., β-HCH, HCB, Mirex, oxychlordane and trans-Nonachlor) showed statistically significant trends with increased CMM risk. For example, compared to lowest plasma concentration quartile of β-HCH, the second, third and fourth quartiles were associated with 1.3 (95% CI: 0.7-2.3), 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2-3.7) and 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2-4.4) -fold increased risks of CMM, respectively. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of several persistent organic pollutants were highly correlated, suggesting that observed associations were not necessarily independent of each other. Given the highly correlated nature of exposure to PCB and OC analytes, sophisticated analyses that consider complex mixtures should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darvishian
- Cancer Control Research ProgramBC CancerVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research ProgramBC CancerVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Éric Gaudreau
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ)Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ)QuébecCanada
| | - Zenaida Abanto
- Cancer Control Research ProgramBC CancerVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Charles Choi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Richard P. Gallagher
- Cancer Control Research ProgramBC CancerVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Dermatology and Skin SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - John J. Spinelli
- School of Population and Public HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Tim K. Lee
- Cancer Control Research ProgramBC CancerVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Dermatology and Skin SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Lee S, Lim Y, Kang Y, Jung K, Jee S. The Association between Blood Concentrations of PCDD/DFs, DL-PCBs and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Cancer in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148745. [PMID: 35886598 PMCID: PMC9320419 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Epidemiological studies have inconsistently shown an association between dioxin and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer. This study aims to examine the effects of blood concentration of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) on T2DM and thyroid cancer. Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study within the Korean cancer prevention study-II (KCPS-II) consisting of 15 thyroid cancer cases, 30 T2DM cases, and 55 controls. A total of 500 samples were used in 100 pooling samples. An average value of a pooled sample was calculated weighted by the blood volume of each sample. Results: The study population included 100 participants from the KCPS-II (median (IQR) baseline age, 54.06 [21.04] years; 48 women). The toxic equivalents of PCDD/DFs showed a significant positive association with T2DM and thyroid cancer, after adjustments for potential confounders (T2DM ORs = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.05–1.43; thyroid cancer ORs = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.12–1.61). Conclusion: In this study, both T2DM and thyroid cancer were associated with the blood concentrations of PCDD/DFs. The association between PCDD/DFs and T2D was found among women but not among men. Our findings suggest that further biochemical in vivo research and epidemiologic studies are needed to clarify the association between dioxins concentrations and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuHyun Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.L.); (S.J.)
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - YoungWook Lim
- Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - YounSeok Kang
- Environment Testing Division, Eurofins Korea Ltd., Gunpo 15849, Korea;
| | - KeumJi Jung
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.L.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - SunHa Jee
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.L.); (S.J.)
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Goodes LM, Wong EVS, Alex J, Mofflin L, Toshniwal P, Brunner M, Solomons T, White E, Choudhury O, Seewoo BJ, Mulders YR, Dale T, Newman HJ, Naveed A, Lowe AB, Hendrie DV, Symeonides C, Dunlop SA. A scoping review protocol on in vivo human plastic exposure and health impacts. Syst Rev 2022; 11:137. [PMID: 35790998 PMCID: PMC9258212 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global plastic production has increased exponentially since the 1960s, with more than 6300 million metric tons of plastic waste generated to date. Studies have found a range of human health outcomes associated with exposure to plastic chemicals. However, only a fraction of plastic chemicals used have been studied in vivo, and then often in animals, for acute toxicological effects. With many questions still unanswered about how long-term exposure to plastic impacts human health, there is an urgent need to map human in vivo research conducted to date, casting a broad net by searching terms for a comprehensive suite of plastic chemical exposures and the widest range of health domains. METHODS This protocol describes a scoping review that will follow the recommended framework outlined in the 2017 Guidance for the Conduct of Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Reviews, to be reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. A literature search of primary clinical studies in English from 1960 onwards will be conducted in MEDLINE (Ovid) and EMBASE (Ovid) databases. References eligible for inclusion will be identified through a quality-controlled, multi-level screening process. Extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic and tabular form, with a narrative summary addressing the review questions. DISCUSSION This scoping review will comprehensively map the primary research undertaken to date on plastic exposure and human health. Secondary outputs will include extensive databases on plastic chemicals and human health outcomes/impacts. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (OSF)-Standard Pre-Data Collection Registration, https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-gbxps-v1 , https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GBXPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Goodes
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Enoch V S Wong
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Jennifer Alex
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Louise Mofflin
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Priyanka Toshniwal
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Manuel Brunner
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Terena Solomons
- Health and Medical Sciences (Library), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Emily White
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Omrik Choudhury
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Bhedita J Seewoo
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Yannick R Mulders
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Tristan Dale
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,Fiona Stanley Hospital, 11 Warren Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia.,UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hamish J Newman
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Alina Naveed
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Andrew B Lowe
- School of Molecular & Life Sciences, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Delia V Hendrie
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Christos Symeonides
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Sarah A Dunlop
- Minderoo Foundation, 171 - 173 Mounts Bay Road, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia. .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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5
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Boffetta P, Goldfarb DG, Zeig-Owens R, Kristjansson D, Li J, Brackbill RM, Farfel MR, Cone JE, Yung J, Kahn AR, Qiao B, Schymura MJ, Webber MP, Prezant DJ, Dasaro CR, Todd AC, Hall CB. Temporal Aspects of the Association between Exposure to the World Trade Center Disaster and Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100063. [PMID: 35146479 PMCID: PMC8801528 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rescue/recovery workers who responded to the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks were exposed to known/suspected carcinogens. Studies have identified a trend toward an elevated risk of cutaneous melanoma in this population; however, few found significant increases. Furthermore, temporal aspects of the association have not been investigated. A total of 44,540 non-Hispanic White workers from the WTC Combined Rescue/Recovery Cohort were studied between March 12, 2002 and December 31, 2015. Cancer data were obtained through linkages with 13 state registries. Poisson regression was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals using the New York State population as the reference; change points in hazard ratios were estimated using profile likelihood. We observed 247 incident cases of melanoma. No increase in incidence was detected during 2002-2004. From 2005 to 2015, the hazard ratio was 1.34 (95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.52). A dose‒response relationship was observed by arrival time at the WTC site. Risk was elevated just over 3 years after the attacks. Whereas WTC-related exposures to UVR or other agents might have contributed to this result, exposures other than those at the WTC site, enhanced medical surveillance, and lack of a control group with a similar proportion of rescue/recovery workers cannot be discounted. Our results support continued study of this population for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David G. Goldfarb
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental, Occupational and Geospatial Health Sciences, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Zeig-Owens
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Dana Kristjansson
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Center of Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jiehui Li
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - Robert M. Brackbill
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - Mark R. Farfel
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - James E. Cone
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - Janette Yung
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Long Island City, New York, USA
| | - Amy R. Kahn
- Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Baozhen Qiao
- Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Maria J. Schymura
- Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Mayris P. Webber
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - David J. Prezant
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Christopher R. Dasaro
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew C. Todd
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles B. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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6
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Fiolet T, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Frenoy P, Kvaskoff M, Romana Mancini F. Background exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and all-cause, cancer-specific, and cardiovascular-specific mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106663. [PMID: 34082240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a large family of man-made organic, ubiquitous, and persistent contaminants with endocrine-disrupting properties. PCBs have been associated with numerous adverse health effects and were classified as carcinogenic to humans, but their long-term impact on mortality risk in the general population is unknown. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to assess whether background exposure levels of PCBs increase all-cause and cancer- and cardiovascular-specific mortality risk in the general population. METHODS We searched the Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for eligible studies up to 1st of January, 2021. We included cohort and nested-case control studies comparing the lowest vs. the highest background exposure level of PCBs in the general population and reporting data for all-cause mortality and/or cancer-/cardiovascular-specific mortality. Studies reporting occupational and accidental exposures were excluded. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by I2 statistics, and publication bias both graphically and using Egger's and Begg's tests. Quality of included studies was assessed using the National Toxicology Program/Office of Health Assessment and Translation (NTP/OHAT). Confidence in the body of evidence and related level of evidence were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) based on the NTP/OHAT framework. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020178079). RESULTS The initial search led to 2,132 articles. Eight prospective cohort studies met our inclusion criteria, leading to 72,852 participants including 17,805 deaths. Overall exposure to PCBs was not statistically significantly associated with all-cause mortality (SRR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.90-1.41, n = 7 studies, low certainty); however, dietary exposure to PCBs was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular-specific mortality (SRR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.14-1.66, n = 3 studies, moderate certainty), while no association was found with cancer-specific mortality (SRR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.72-1.59, n = 5 studies, low certainty). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggests that background exposure to PCBs is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular-specific mortality in the general population with a "moderate" level of evidence. These findings should be interpreted with caution given the small number of studies on mortality in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Fiolet
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Pauline Frenoy
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca Romana Mancini
- Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, F-94805 Villejuif, France.
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7
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Onozuka D, Nakamura Y, Tsuji G, Furue M. Mortality in Yusho patients exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans: a 50-year retrospective cohort study. Environ Health 2020; 19:119. [PMID: 33228703 PMCID: PMC7685647 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1968, the Yusho incident resulted in accidental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and related compounds in Japan. This study updated the risk of mortality in Yusho patients. METHODS We obtained updated cohort data for all Yusho patients for the period 1968-2017. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality over a 50-year follow-up period compared with the general population in Japan. RESULTS A total of 1664 Yusho patients with 63,566 person-years of follow up were included in the analysis. Among males, excess mortality was observed for all cancers (SMR: 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.45) and lung cancer (SMR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.19). Among females, increased mortality was observed for liver cancer (SMR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.67). No significant increase was seen in non-cancer-related mortality compared with the general population. CONCLUSIONS Carcinogenic risk in humans after exposure to PCBs and PCDFs remains higher among Yusho patients. Our findings suggest the importance of care engagement and optimum management to deal with the burden of Yusho disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibeshin-machi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565 Japan
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gaku Tsuji
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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8
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Cao J, Fan T, Li W, Xiao S. Association study between plasma levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:298-301. [PMID: 30825748 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) ranks the most lethal skin cancer worldwide. However, other risk factors have been hardly explored, aside from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were implied to be potential risk factors for CMM, although all the evidence was obtained from the western countries. This study examined the relationships between plasma levels of PCBs and CMM risk adjusting for sun sensitivity and sun exposure in a Chinese population, using a case-control study, including 450 CMM cases and 500 healthy controls. Plasma levels of a total of 33 PCB congeners were assayed in both cases and controls. Our results showed that there was a significant association between total summed PCB level and CMM risk, with a 1.44-fold increased risk for those in the highest quartile compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.02-2.03, P for trend = 0.031). Significantly increased ORs were also observed for individual PCB congeners (PCB52, PCB170 and PCB180). These associations persisted after control for sun sensitivity and sun exposure. Our study represents the first evidence conducted in Asians, and does support the hypothesis that PCB exposure increases CMM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, 710000, China
| | - Tuanqi Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450014, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450014, China
| | - Shengxiang Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, 710000, China.
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