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Feng Y, Liu C, Tao S, Wang C, Zhang H, Liu X, Liu Z, Liu W, Zhao J, Zou D, Liu Z, Liu J, Wang N, Wu L, Wu Q, Hao Y, Xu W, Liang L. Developing and validating the nurse-patient relationship scale (NPRS) in China. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:255. [PMID: 38649929 PMCID: PMC11034141 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor nurse-patient relationship poses an obstacle to care delivery, jeopardizing patient experience and patient care outcomes. Measuring nurse-patient relationship is challenging given its multi-dimensional nature and a lack of well-established scales. PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a multi-dimensional scale measuring nurse-patient relationship in China. METHODS A preliminary scale was constructed based on the existing literature and Delphi consultations with 12 nursing experts. The face validity of the scale was tested through a survey of 45 clinical nurses. This was followed by a validation study on 620 clinical nurses. Cronbach's α, content validity and known-group validity of the scale were assessed. The study sample was further divided into two for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), respectively, to assess the construct validity of the scale. RESULTS The Nurse-Patient Relationship Scale (NPRS) containing 23 items was developed and validated, measuring five dimensions: nursing behavior, nurse understanding and respect for patient, patient misunderstanding and mistrust in nurse, communication with patient, and interaction with patient. The Cronbach's α of the NPRS ranged from 0.725 to 0.932, indicating high internal consistency. The CFA showed excellent fitness of data into the five-factor structure: χ2/df = 2.431, GFI = 0.933, TLI = 0.923, CFI = 0.939, IFI = 0.923, RMSEA = 0.070. Good content and construct validity are demonstrated through expert consensus and psychometric tests. CONCLUSION The NPRS is a valid tool measuring nurse-patient relationship in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Feng
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaojie Liu
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, 3086, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siyi Tao
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Anhui Medical University, No.1166, Wangjiang West Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, 400037, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanyu Zhang
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoyue Liu
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandan Zou
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Jin Shan Hospital of Fudan University, 201508, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Junping Liu
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wu
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qunhong Wu
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhua Hao
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Weilan Xu
- Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China.
| | - Libo Liang
- School of Health Administration, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Canfell OJ, Woods L, Meshkat Y, Krivit J, Gunashanhar B, Slade C, Burton-Jones A, Sullivan C. The Impact of Digital Hospitals on Patient and Clinician Experience: Systematic Review and Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e47715. [PMID: 38466978 DOI: 10.2196/47715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The digital transformation of health care is advancing rapidly. A well-accepted framework for health care improvement is the Quadruple Aim: improved clinician experience, improved patient experience, improved population health, and reduced health care costs. Hospitals are attempting to improve care by using digital technologies, but the effectiveness of these technologies is often only measured against cost and quality indicators, and less is known about the clinician and patient experience. OBJECTIVE This study aims to conduct a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis to assess the clinician and patient experience of digital hospitals. METHODS The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and ENTREQ (Enhancing the Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research) guidelines were followed. The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases were searched from January 2010 to June 2022. Studies that explored multidisciplinary clinician or adult inpatient experiences of digital hospitals (with a full electronic medical record) were included. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data synthesis was performed narratively for quantitative studies. Qualitative evidence synthesis was performed via (1) automated machine learning text analytics using Leximancer (Leximancer Pty Ltd) and (2) researcher-led inductive synthesis to generate themes. RESULTS A total of 61 studies (n=39, 64% quantitative; n=15, 25% qualitative; and n=7, 11% mixed methods) were included. Most studies (55/61, 90%) investigated clinician experiences, whereas few (10/61, 16%) investigated patient experiences. The study populations ranged from 8 to 3610 clinicians, 11 to 34,425 patients, and 5 to 2836 hospitals. Quantitative outcomes indicated that clinicians had a positive overall satisfaction (17/24, 71% of the studies) with digital hospitals, and most studies (11/19, 58%) reported a positive sentiment toward usability. Data accessibility was reported positively, whereas adaptation, clinician-patient interaction, and workload burnout were reported negatively. The effects of digital hospitals on patient safety and clinicians' ability to deliver patient care were mixed. The qualitative evidence synthesis of clinician experience studies (18/61, 30%) generated 7 themes: inefficient digital documentation, inconsistent data quality, disruptions to conventional health care relationships, acceptance, safety versus risk, reliance on hybrid (digital and paper) workflows, and patient data privacy. There was weak evidence of a positive association between digital hospitals and patient satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians' experience of digital hospitals appears positive according to high-level indicators (eg, overall satisfaction and data accessibility), but the qualitative evidence synthesis revealed substantive tensions. There is insufficient evidence to draw a definitive conclusion on the patient experience within digital hospitals, but indications appear positive or agnostic. Future research must prioritize equitable investigation and definition of the digital clinician and patient experience to achieve the Quadruple Aim of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Canfell
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Digital Health Cooperative Research Centre, Australian Government, Sydney, Australia
- UQ Business School, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanna Woods
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yasaman Meshkat
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jenna Krivit
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brinda Gunashanhar
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christine Slade
- Institute for Teaching and Learning Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Burton-Jones
- UQ Business School, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clair Sullivan
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Digital Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Department of Health, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Australia
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Orthopaedic nurses' experiences with real-time documentation in a high-tech ward: A qualitative study. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs 2021; 44:100901. [PMID: 34865991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2021.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-time documentation is a novel process that changes nursing workflow; however, nurses' experiences of real-time documentation are unknown. AIM This study aimed to explore nurses' experiences with real-time documentation in an orthopaedic ward. DESIGN This qualitative study took a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. METHODS Data were generated from three semi-structured focus group interviews with 18 nurses from an orthopaedic ward. Data analysis was based on Ricoeur's theory of narrative and interpretation and included naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation, and discussion. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the structural analysis: 1) nurses were initially sceptical and outside of their comfort zone; 2) implementation required support from the head nurse and other colleagues; 3) increased time with patients led to better relationships, but nurses lacked time for reflection; 4) increased patient involvement could also present challenges; and 5) documentation became more integrated into orthopaedic nursing. CONCLUSION Real-time documentation improved orthopaedic nursing documentation and increased patient involvement. Nurses spent more time with patients, leading to better relationships, but they had decreased time with their colleagues and the opportunity to reflect. Real-time documentation leads to changes in workflow, so, nurses should be provided with training and the opportunity to reflect.
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De Groot K, Sneep EB, Paans W, Francke AL. Patient participation in electronic nursing documentation: an interview study among community nurses. BMC Nurs 2021; 20:72. [PMID: 33933079 PMCID: PMC8088564 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient participation in nursing documentation has several benefits like including patients’ personal wishes in tailor-made care plans and facilitating shared decision-making. However, the rise of electronic health records may not automatically lead to greater patient participation in nursing documentation. This study aims to gain insight into community nurses’ experiences regarding patient participation in electronic nursing documentation, and to explore the challenges nurses face and the strategies they use for dealing with challenges regarding patient participation in electronic nursing documentation. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used, based on the principles of reflexive thematic analysis. Nineteen community nurses working in home care and using electronic health records were recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews guided by an interview guide were conducted face-to-face or by phone in 2019. The interviews were inductively analysed in an iterative process of data collection–data analysis–more data collection until data saturation was achieved. The steps of thematic analysis were followed, namely familiarization with data, generating initial codes, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and reporting. Results Community nurses believed patient participation in nursing documentation has to be tailored to each patient. Actual participation depended on the phase of the nursing process that was being documented and was facilitated by patients’ trust in the accuracy of the documentation. Nurses came across challenges in three domains: those related to electronic health records (i.e. technical problems), to work (e.g. time pressure) and to the patients (e.g. the medical condition). Because of these challenges, nurses frequently did the documentation outside the patient’s home. Nurses still tried to achieve patient participation by verbally discussing patients’ views on the nursing care provided and then documenting those views at a later moment. Conclusions Although community nurses consider patient participation in electronic nursing documentation important, they perceive various challenges relating to electronic health records, work and the patients to realize patient participation. In dealing with these challenges, nurses often fall back on verbal communication about the documentation. These insights can help nurses and policy makers improve electronic health records and develop efficient strategies for improving patient participation in electronic nursing documentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim De Groot
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), PO Box 1568, 3513 CR, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Elisah B Sneep
- Nursing Science, Programme in Clinical Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wolter Paans
- Research Group Nursing Diagnostics, School of Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714 CA, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Critical Care, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke L Francke
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), PO Box 1568, 3513 CR, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nurses' Perception of the Impact of Electronic Documentation on the Nurse-Patient Relationship. J Nurs Care Qual 2019; 34:163-168. [PMID: 29975218 DOI: 10.1097/ncq.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there are many benefits of electronic medical record documentation, the presence of a computer may adversely affect provider-patient interaction. PURPOSE The purpose of this project was to examine staff nurses' perception of the impact of electronic documentation in the presence of the patient on the nurse-patient relationship. METHODS A survey was administered to 276 staff nurses, and open-ended interviews were conducted with 11 novice and 20 expert nurses. RESULTS Nurses identified benefits and challenges to electronic medical record documentation as well as strategies used to maintain therapeutic relationships and communication. Numerous nurses commented that documenting with their back to the patient had a negative impact on the nurse-patient relationship and communication. CONCLUSIONS Both novice and expert nurses identified strategies that they used to ensure they were "maintaining the connection" to patients during electronic medical record documentation.
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Effects of communication media choice on the quality and efficacy of emergency calls assisted by a mobile nursing protocol tool. Comput Inform Nurs 2016; 32:550-8. [PMID: 25251859 DOI: 10.1097/cin.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transition from paper to electronic-based records in the healthcare industry has posed several challenges to conventional medical practices. The introduction of technology in day-to-day medical and nursing practices deserves careful consideration. In this work, we report the results of a controlled experiment to compare nurses' consultation in emergency calls in six different conditions. We studied the effect that the type of communication media (face-to-face, telephone, videoconference) and type of nursing protocol media (paper-based, electronic-based) can have on consultation time, mistakes made, pauses during consultation, eye contact, and efficacy of the consultation. We found that the type of communication media has an effect on consultation time; on average, fewer mistakes were made during telephone-based consultations; for eye contact, there were significantly fewer eye contacts during face-to-face than during videoconference consultations; finally, the type of communication media or protocol media did not have any effect in the efficacy of the consultation.
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Abstract
This author explored the culture of nurse-patient interactions associated with electronic bedside documentation. Data were collected through passive participant observation, audiotaping of nurse-patient interactions, and interviews with nurses. Nurses acknowledged that they need to share their attention between the patient and the computer. They stated that prioritizing patients' needs while completing the required electronic documentation was demanding. Stationary computers challenged the logistics of the exchange. Understanding the adaptation of caregiving necessitated by bedside electronic documentation will have a positive impact on developing systems that interface seamlessly with nurses' workflow and encourage patients' active participation in their care.
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