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Anti-mesothelin immunotoxin induces mesothelioma eradication, anti-tumor immunity, and the development of tertiary lymphoid structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2214928119. [PMID: 36409889 PMCID: PMC9860319 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214928119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LMB-100 is a recombinant immunotoxin composed of a Fab linked to a toxin. It kills cells expressing human mesothelin (hMSLN), which is highly expressed on the surface of mesothelioma and many other cancer cells. Clinically, we observed some patients had delayed responses to an anti-hMSLN immunotoxin treatment, suggesting the induction of anti-tumor immunity. We aimed to develop a mouse model to investigate whether immunotoxin alone can induce anti-tumor immunity and to study the mechanism of this immunity. An immunocompetent transgenic mouse was used to grow mouse mesothelioma AB1 cells expressing hMSLN in the peritoneal cavity. Mice were treated with LMB-100, and mice with complete responses (CRs) were rechallenged with tumor cells to determine whether anti-tumor immunity developed. Changes in gene expression profiles were evaluated by Nanostring, and changes in cytokines and chemokines were checked by protein arrays. The distribution of various immune cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Our results show that the mice with tumor reached CRs and developed anti-tumor immunity after LMB-100 treatment alone. The primary response requires CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and B cells. Transcriptional profiling shows that LMB-100 treatment reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment by upregulating chemotaxis signals. LMB-100 treatment upregulates genes associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) development and induces TLS formation in tumors. In sum, immunotoxin-mediated cell death induces anti-tumor immunity and the development of TLS, which provides insights into how immunotoxins cause tumor regressions.
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Perrotti V, Caponio VCA, Mascitti M, Lo Muzio L, Piattelli A, Rubini C, Capone E, Sala G. Therapeutic Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugate-Based Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3126. [PMID: 34206707 PMCID: PMC8269333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are designed to deliver potent cytotoxic agents into tumor tissues. During the last two decades, a plethora of ADCs have been successfully developed and used for several indications, including hematologic and solid tumors. In this work, we systematically reviewed the progress in ADC development for the treatment of HNC. METHODS This review was registered in PROSPERO database. A comprehensive search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science database. RESULTS In total, 19 studies were included. Due to the significant heterogeneity of the outcome measures, meta-analysis was not performed, and data were summarized in tables. HNC results are poorly represented in the cohorts of completed clinical trials; published data are mostly focused on safety evaluation rather than efficacy of ADCs. CONCLUSIONS Although several novel agents against a wide range of different antigens were investigated, showing promising results at a preclinical level, most of the targets reported in this review are not specific for HNC; hence, the development of ADCs tailored for the HNC phenotype could open up new therapeutic perspectives. Moreover, the results from the present systematic review call attention to how limited is the application of current clinical trials in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Vito Carlo Alberto Caponio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (V.C.A.C.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città S. Angelo, 65121 Pescara, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, Città S. Angelo, 65121 Pescara, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (G.S.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Via Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Dashtiahangar M, Rahbarnia L, Farajnia S, Salmaninejad A, Shabgah AG, Ghasemali S. Anti-cancer Immunotoxins, Challenges, and Approaches. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:932-941. [PMID: 33023437 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201006155346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) as a novel therapeutic strategy has made a revolution in the treatment of cancer. RITs result from the fusion of antibodies to toxin proteins for targeting and eliminating cancerous cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. Despite indisputable outcomes of RITs regarding inhibition of multiple cancer types, high immunogenicity has been known as the main obstacle in the clinical use of RITs. Various strategies have been proposed to overcome these limitations, including immunosuppressive therapy, humanization of the antibody fragment moiety, generation of immunotoxins originated from endogenous human cytotoxic enzymes, and modification of the toxin moiety to escape the immune system. This paper is devoted to review recent advances in the design of immunotoxins with lower immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dashtiahangar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Rahbarnia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ghasemali
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li Y, Xiao F, Zhang A, Zhang D, Nie W, Xu T, Han B, Seth P, Wang H, Yang Y, Wang L. Oncolytic adenovirus targeting TGF-β enhances anti-tumor responses of mesothelin-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy against breast cancer. Cell Immunol 2020; 348:104041. [PMID: 31983398 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cell therapy evokes only modest antitumor responses in solid tumors. Meso-CAR-T cells are CAR-T cells targeted mesothelin, which are over-expressed in tumor tissues of breast cancer patients. To improve the therapeutic effects, we combined it with rAd.sT, a transforming growth factor β signaling-targeted oncolytic adenovirus, to therapy breast cancer. In subcutaneous MDA-MB-231 xenograft of NSG mice, both rAd.sT and meso-CAR-T inhibited tumor growth, however combination therapy produced stronger inhibitory effects. Interestingly, rAd.sT reduced tumor burden at initial stage following vector treatments, while meso-CAR-T cells decreased tumor burden at a later stage. Moreover, meso-CAR-T could target tumor microenvironments, and combination therapy could enhance cytokines production, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12 in tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, combination of rAd.sT with meso-CAR-T produced much more impressive antitumor responses to breast cancer and its metastasis, which could be developed as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Li
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Heart Disease Hospital, Weifang 261206, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenbo Nie
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tianxin Xu
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Prem Seth
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, an Affiliate of the University of Chicago, Evanston 60201, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yuefeng Yang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Lisheng Wang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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