1
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Wada M, Yamagami W. Immunotherapy for endometrial cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2024:10.1007/s10147-024-02568-2. [PMID: 38913219 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Advanced recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) has a poor prognosis and new treatment options are needed. In 2013, EC was classified by genomic analysis into four groups: the POLE ultra-mutated group, the MSI-high hypermutated group (MSI-H), the copy number low group, and the copy number high group. The prognosis differs based on the classification, which should enable the individualization of treatment. The MSI-H and POLE types can induce PD-L1 expression in cancer cells. Among the gynecological cancers, EC exhibits the highest levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and has the highest proportion of MSI-H. Thus, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is expected to be effective. The first ICI to show efficacy in recurrent EC was the anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab, which exhibited efficacy in MSI-H EC. The combination of pembrolizumab and the multi-kinase inhibitor lenvatinib significantly prolongs OS/PFS compared with single-agent chemotherapy in previously treated recurrent EC, regardless of MSI status. ICIs are now moving from second-line and beyond to first-line treatment regimens. The efficacy of paclitaxel plus carboplatin (TC) and ICI combinations compared with TC have been demonstrated, including an ongoing Phase III trial comparing chemotherapy with the combination of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib. Although ICIs are becoming the mainstay of EC, they cause systemic inflammatory side effects known as irAEs. The incidence of irAEs is higher for combination therapy with CT or lenvatinib compared with ICI therapy alone. Even though they are rarely fatal, irAEs should be addressed promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Wada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Wataru Yamagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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2
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Riveiro-Barciela M, Carballal S, Díaz-González Á, Mañosa M, Gallgo-Plazas J, Cubiella J, Jiménez-Fonseca P, Varela M, Menchén L, Sangro B, Fernández-Montes A, Mesonero F, Rodríguez-Gandía MÁ, Rivera F, Londoño MC. Management of liver and gastrointestinal toxicity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: Position statement of the AEEH-AEG-SEPD-SEOM-GETECCU. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2024; 116:83-113. [PMID: 38226597 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10250/2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The development of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is one of the most remarkable achievements in cancer therapy in recent years. However, their exponential use has led to an increase in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Gastrointestinal and liver events encompass hepatitis, colitis and upper digestive tract symptoms accounting for the most common irAEs, with incidence rates varying from 2 % to 40 %, the latter in patients undergoing combined ICIs therapy. Based on the current scientific evidence derived from both randomized clinical trials and real-world studies, this statement document provides recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the gastrointestinal and hepatic ICI-induced adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miriam Mañosa
- Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol
| | | | | | | | - María Varela
- Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias
| | - Luis Menchén
- Digestive Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Rivera
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Medical Oncology
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3
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Liu X, Ye M, He Y, Lai Q, Liu B, Zhang L. Investigation of Tongxie-Yaofang formula in treating ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology via regulating MAPK/AKT signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1911-1924. [PMID: 38271090 PMCID: PMC10866423 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease, which often leads to bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. In this study, the function mechanism of Tongxie-Yaofang formula (TXYF) on UC was investigated. METHODS Action targets of TXYF were obtained by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID) databases. The targets of UC were screened in Gene Cards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. The network pharmacology of active ingredient targets was established via Cytoscape. RESULTS A total of 42 chemical components and 5806 disease targets were obtained. The GO functional analysis showed that biological processes such as oxidative stress and molecular response to bacteria, molecular function such as protein and nucleic acid binding activity were significantly enriched. The top 20 KEGG enriched signal pathways indicated that the targets were mainly linked with IL-17, TNF, HIF-1. Molecular docking results showed that naringenin had good binding activity between naringin and MAPK, albiflorin and SRC. The activity of MPO, the concentration of HIF-1, IL-17 and TNF-α were significantly decreased after TXYF treatment. The characteristics of UC such as crypt distortion, crypt atrophy, and increased basal plasmacytosis were also less observed with the treatment of TXYF. What's more, TXYF suppresses the phosphorylation of SRC, MAPK and AKT1 in UC. CONCLUSIONS TXYF showed treatment effect on UC through multiple components and multiple targets, which lays a foundation for further study of UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Liu
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yinglin He
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Qin Lai
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Proctology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Leichang Zhang
- Formula-Pattern Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, China
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4
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Ding M, Zhang X, Wang J, Gao F, Zheng X, Yuan J, Qi X. Treatment and outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated colitis/diarrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1621-1631. [PMID: 36894390 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the outcomes of cancer patients. However, ICIs often lead to colitis/diarrhea. This study aimed to assess the treatment of ICIs-associated colitis/diarrhea and outcomes. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for eligible studies which investigated the treatment and outcomes of colitis/diarrhea developing in patients who received ICIs. The pooled incidences of any-grade colitis/diarrhea, low-grade colitis, high-grade colitis, low-grade diarrhea, and high-grade diarrhea as well as the pooled rates of response to treatment, mortality, and ICIs permanent discontinuation and restarts in patients with ICIs-associated colitis/diarrhea were estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Among the 11,492 papers initially identified, 27 studies were included. The pooled incidences of any-grade colitis/diarrhea, low-grade colitis, high-grade colitis, low-grade diarrhea, and high-grade diarrhea were 17%, 3%, 17%, 13%, and 15%, respectively. The pooled rates of overall response, response to corticosteroid therapy, and response to biological agents were 88%, 50%, and 96%, respectively. The pooled short-term mortality in patients with ICIs-associated colitis/diarrhea was 2%. The pooled incidences of ICIs permanent discontinuation and restarts were 43% and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSION ICIs-associated colitis/diarrhea is common, but rarely lethal. Half of them are responsive to corticosteroid therapy. There is a fairly high rate of response to biological agents in steroid-refractory colitis/diarrhea patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ding
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, China; Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianxian Zhang
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, China; Department of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The 960th Hospital of the PLA, Jinan, China
| | - Fangbo Gao
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, China; Department of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, China; Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingshun Qi
- Meta-Analysis Interest Group, Department of Gastroenterology, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (formerly General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area), Shenyang, China; Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
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Kanji S, Morin S, Agtarap K, Purkayastha D, Thabet P, Bosse D, Wang X, Lunny C, Hutton B. Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Overview of Systematic Reviews. Drugs 2022; 82:793-809. [PMID: 35416592 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition and management of adverse events (AEs) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use by cancer patients requires expertise from multiple disciplines. Greater awareness of potential AEs may result in earlier recognition, appropriate management, and better patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this overview of systematic reviews was to synthesize and consolidate systematic review evidence describing the incidence proportion and severity of AEs associated with various ICI therapies across different cancers. METHODS A systematic literature search of four databases was conducted to identify systematic reviews that describe the incidence proportion and severity of AEs related to ICI therapy in cancer patients. A systematic review was eligible if it included adults with cancer; on ICI alone or in combination with another ICI, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy; severity (graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) and incidence proportion of AEs and whether it reported its eligibility criteria. AEs of interest were identified through an iterative ranking exercise by key stakeholders and knowledge users. Extraction of PICOTTS elements and quality indicators (AMSTAR-2) were used to manage overlap of primary studies across systematic reviews at the outcome level. Cancer subtypes were mapped to drug class and AE severity. RESULTS Overall, 129 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria for data mapping. Systematic reviews reported incidence proportions for more than 76 AEs, of which 34 were identified as AEs of interest. After overlap assessment, 65 systematic reviews were chosen for data extraction. The three AEs with the highest median incidence were fatigue (18.3%, interquartile range [IQR] 15.0-28.0%), diarrhea (15.3%, IQR 9.7-29.2%) and rash (14.4%, IQR 10.3-19.2%). The three AEs (high-grade) with the highest median incidence were diarrhea (1.5%, IQR 1.2-6.0%), colitis (1.3%, IQR 0.6-6.1%) and neutropenia (1.2%, IQR 0.4-3.3%). Incidence proportions of high-grade AEs were often considerably lower than all-grade AEs and combination therapy (ICI combinations or combinations of ICI with chemotherapy or targeted therapy) was responsible for some of the highest incidence proportions regardless of AE. Rare AEs and certain cancer subtypes were not well reported. CONCLUSIONS Early recognition of AEs associated with ICIs requires expertise from diverse specialists, not just oncologists. Greater awareness of potential AEs may result in earlier recognition, appropriate management, and better patient outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42021231593.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmaan Kanji
- The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | - Dominick Bosse
- The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Xiang Wang
- The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Carole Lunny
- St. Michaels Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Hutton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment induces colitis with heavy infiltration of CD8 + T cells and an infiltration pattern that resembles ulcerative colitis. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:1119-1129. [PMID: 34338882 PMCID: PMC8724151 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Colitis is a common, but poorly understood, adverse event of immune checkpoint inhibitors that are standard-of-care for an expanding range of cancer types. This explorative study aimed to describe the immune infiltrates in the colon from individuals developing checkpoint inhibitor colitis and compare them to well-known immunophenotypes of acute graft-versus-host disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease. Colon biopsies (n = 20 per group) of patients with checkpoint inhibitor colitis, acute graft-versus-host disease, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, all colitis treatment-naïve, and of individuals with a normal colon were analyzed using immunohistochemistry: CD8 for cytotoxic T cells, CD4 for T helper cells, and CD68 to identify cells of macrophage lineage. CD8 + T cell, CD4 + T cell, and CD68 + cell counts were performed. Cell infiltration was scored as scattered/patchy or band-like in the superficial and deep gut mucosa. Checkpoint inhibitor colitis was found to be heavily infiltrated by CD8 + T cells. Comparative analysis between groups showed that both CD8 + T cell counts (P < 0.01) and immune cell infiltration patterns in checkpoint inhibitor colitis were most similar to those observed in ulcerative colitis, with a deep band-like CD4 + T cell infiltration pattern and a superficial band-like CD68 + cell infiltration pattern in both. In conclusion, this is the first immunohistopathological study comparing infiltrate characteristics of checkpoint inhibitor colitis, acute graft-versus-host disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease. Checkpoint inhibitor colitis samples are heterogeneous, heavily infiltrated by CD8 + T cells, and show an immune cell infiltration pattern that is more similar to ulcerative colitis than to colonic acute graft-versus-host disease or colonic Crohn’s disease.
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7
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Allaire M, Rudler M, Thabut D. Portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma: Des liaisons dangereuses…. Liver Int 2021; 41:1734-1743. [PMID: 34051060 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Portal hypertension (PHT) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are major complication of cirrhosis which significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aim to describe the consequences of both angiogenesis and inflammation in the pathogenesis of PHT and HCC, but also the difficulty to propose adapted treatment when PHT and HCC coexist in the same patients. METHODS Studies for review in this article were retrieved from the PubMed database using literature published in English until March 2021. RESULTS Portal hypertension occurs secondary to an increase of intrahepatic vascular resistances, the opening of portosystemic collateral vessels and the formation of neovessels, related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Recently, bacterial translocation-mediated inflammation was also identified as a major contributor to PHT. Interestingly, VEGF and chronic inflammation also contribute to HCC occurrence. As PHT and HCC often coexist in the same patient, management of PHT and its related complications as well as HCC treatment appear more complex. Indeed, PHT-related complications such as significant ascites may hamper the access to HCC treatment and the presence of HCC is also independently associated with poor prognosis in patients with acute variceal bleeding related to PHT. Due to their respective mechanism of action, the combination of Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab for advanced HCC may impact the level of PHT and its related complications and to date, no real-life data are available. CONSLUSIONS Appropriate evaluation and treatment of PHT remains a major issue in order to improve the outcome of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Allaire
- Service d'Hépatolo-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Inserm U1149, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, France Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marika Rudler
- Service d'Hépatolo-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Thabut
- Service d'Hépatolo-gastroentérologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Yap TA, Parkes EE, Peng W, Moyers JT, Curran MA, Tawbi HA. Development of Immunotherapy Combination Strategies in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1368-1397. [PMID: 33811048 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system to treat cancer through inhibitors of CTLA4 and PD-L1 has revolutionized the landscape of cancer. Rational combination strategies aim to enhance the antitumor effects of immunotherapies, but require a deep understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of the immune system and robust preclinical and clinical drug development strategies. We review the current approved immunotherapy combinations, before discussing promising combinatorial approaches in clinical trials and detailing innovative preclinical model systems being used to develop rational combinations. We also discuss the promise of high-order immunotherapy combinations, as well as novel biomarker and combinatorial trial strategies. SIGNIFICANCE: Although immune-checkpoint inhibitors are approved as dual checkpoint strategies, and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and angiogenesis inhibitors for multiple cancers, patient benefit remains limited. Innovative approaches are required to guide the development of novel immunotherapy combinations, ranging from improvements in preclinical tumor model systems to biomarker-driven trial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Yap
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin T Moyers
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hussein A Tawbi
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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