Targeted ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration cytology for sentinel node diagnostics in early-stage melanoma: a validation study

Cytologic diagnosis of metastatic melanoma by FNA: A practical review

Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a growing worldwide incidence. It is not uncommon that the disease is already metastatic at the time of the first diagnosis. Regional lymph nodes and skin are the first and most common metastatic sites, followed by distant visceral sites (lungs, liver, and central nervous system) and bone. In this clinical setting, fine-needle aspiration (FNA) often represents the first diagnostic approach. FNA is a useful tool to obtain a rapid and accurate diagnosis, in conjunction with ancillary techniques and molecular analysis, as recommended by recent guidelines. The aim of this review was to describe the cytomorphology, immunocytochemical tools, and molecular tools used for the diagnosis of MM metastases on FNA.

Application Value of Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytological Examination and Ultrasound Evaluation

In this paper, chronic inflammatory cell infiltration was seen during this period. The reason for the false-positive result may be the atypical proliferation of cells caused by chronic inflammatory stimulation with malignant cytology. 12 cases of false negative results, including 2 cases of type I nodules, 10 cases of type III nodules, postoperative histology and pathology were papillary carcinoma, there are many reasons for false negative results, including the size of the nodules, the puncture operator, the technical level, internal tissue composition and properties of the nodules all affect the accuracy of puncture and cytopathology results. The satisfaction of puncture specimens of each group was calculated and compared. For thyroid nodules with the maximum diameter ≤5 mm, the satisfaction rate of puncture specimens was 87.2%, and the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of ultras guided fine needle aspiration biopsy were relatively low. Cytological results were in poor agreement with postoperative histological and pathological results, so it was recommended to take active follow-up for thyroid nodules with the maximum diameter ≤5 mm to reduce unnecessary puncture. The overall puncture success rate is relatively high, ≤10 mm low-echo nodules or even ≤5 mm nodules can be cytological puncture, especially the kind of close to the capsule, trachea and recurrent laryngeal nerve nodules, for the largest diameter of >5 mm, the satisfaction rate of puncture specimens is relatively high is 93.2%. Moreover, the sensitivity and accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy were relatively high, and the cytological results were in good agreement with the postoperative histological and pathological results. Therefore, it was feasible to confirm the diagnosis of suspected malignant nodules by ultrasound. The diagnostic in each group and the consistency between cytological diagnosis and histological diagnosis were analyzed by comparing the histological and pathological results after surgery. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy can be used more effectively in clinical practice.