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Wang J, Li Z, Yin H. The Future of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Uveal Melanoma: A Narrative Review. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:1103-1123. [PMID: 38498280 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoint inhibitors have made tremendous progress over the last decade in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, but their application in uveal melanoma treatment is less successful, owing in part to the immunological privilege of the eye and the liver, the most frequent site of metastasis. Nevertheless, the therapeutic outcomes reported currently are less pessimistic. METHODS In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies of immune checkpoint inhibitors in uveal melanoma and its metastasis and classify studies in this field into three groups: monotherapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, dual-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with other systemic or regional therapies. RESULTS Briefly, monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors performed poorly. Dual-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors had slightly better outcomes than traditional treatments, especially in specific patient populations. As for the combination therapy, the combination with other systemic therapies did not show superiority over dual-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors, but combination with hepatic regional therapies was quite promising. Moreover, research on emerging checkpoints is currently limited to the stage of mechanistic studies. CONCLUSION We propose that immune checkpoint inhibitors remain alternative treatments for patients with uveal melanoma, but factors such as cost-effectiveness should also be taken into account. The combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors deserves to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wang
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Li
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yamada K, Takeuchi M, Fukumoto T, Suzuki M, Kato A, Mizuki Y, Yamada N, Kaneko T, Mizuki N, Horita N. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic uveal melanoma: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7887. [PMID: 38570507 PMCID: PMC10991441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic uveal melanoma; however, the efficacy of ICIs in the previous studies varied greatly. In this systematic review, we searched for prospective or retrospective studies on single or dual-ICIs for metastatic uveal melanoma treatment. A random-effect model meta-analysis with generic inverse-variance was conducted, and 36 articles representing 41 cohorts of 1414 patients with metastatic uveal melanoma were included. The pooled outcomes were as follows: objective response rate (ORR) was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 3.7-7.5%; I2, 36%), disease control rate (DCR) was 32.5% (95% CI 27.2-37.7%; I2, 73%), median progression-free survival was 2.8 months (95% CI 2.7-2.9 months; I2, 26%), and median overall survival (OS) was 11.2 months (95% CI 9.6-13.2 months; I2, 74%). Compared to single-agent ICI, dual ICI led to better ORR (single-agent: 3.4% [95% CI 1.8-5.1]; dual-agent: 12.4% [95% CI 8.0-16.9]; P < 0.001), DCR (single-agent: 29.3%, [95% CI 23.4-35.2]; dual-agent: 44.3% [95% CI 31.7-56.8]; P = 0.03), and OS (single-agent: 9.8 months [95% CI 8.0-12.2]; dual-agent: 16.3 months [95% CI 13.5-19.7]; P < 0.001). Our analysis provided treatment outcomes as described above. Dual-ICIs appear better than single-agent ICIs for the treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Fukumoto
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Minako Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ai Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Norihiro Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Mizuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Chemotherapy Center, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
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Eteghadi A, Ebrahimi M, Keshel SH. New immunotherapy approaches as the most effective treatment for uveal melanoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 194:104260. [PMID: 38199429 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Conventional methods of UM treatment are based on chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which have been able to control tumor growth in a limited way. But due to the inadequacy and many side effects of these treatments, many UM patients die during treatment, and approximately 50% of patients develop metastasis. Meanwhile, the 2-year survival rate of these patients from the time of metastasis is 8%. Since immunotherapy has the potential to be the most specific and efficient method in the treatment of tumors, it is considered an attractive and promising research field in the treatment of UM. This review highlights recent advances in UM immunotherapy and provides new immunological approaches on how to overcome the challenges of UM immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Eteghadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Khan SA, Almalki WH, Arora S, Kesharwani P. Recent approaches for the treatment of uveal melanoma: Opportunities and challenges. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104218. [PMID: 38040071 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular cancer in adult population. Primary methods for treatment of UM involves surgery Proton Beam Therapy (PBT), Plaque Brachytherapy, phototherapy, and Charged Particle Radiation Therapy (CPT). It has been found that approximately 50 % of patients diagnosed with UM ultimately experience development of metastatic disease. Furthermore, it has been identified that majority of the patient experience metastasis in liver with a prevalence of 95 %. Management of metastatic UM (MUM) involves various therapeutic modalities, including systemic chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy and liver directed interventions. We outline gene mutation in UM and addresses various treatment modalities, including molecular targeted therapy, miRNA-based therapy, and immunotherapy. Additionally, inclusion of ongoing clinical trials aimed at developing novel therapeutic options for management of UM are also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauban Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swaranjeet Arora
- Department of Finance and Management, Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management, 11/07 Dwarka Sector 11, Near Metro Station, New Delhi, Delhi 110075, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Liang X, Zhou S, Xiao Z. Prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase in patients with uveal melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibition. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8770-8781. [PMID: 37671944 PMCID: PMC10522394 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed the meta-analysis to explore the predictive value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in uveal melanoma (UM) patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). METHODS Eligible articles were obtained through EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library, until March 23, 2023. The clinical outcomes evaluated in this study encompassed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS This meta-analysis comprised eight studies with a combined total of 383 patients. The results showed that patients with high LDH levels had noticeably worse OS (HR: 3.445, 95% CI: 2.504-4.740, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 1.720, 95% CI: 1.429-2.070, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis confirmed that the upper limit of normal was the ideal cut-off value for LDH. In multivariate analysis, we also found that high LDH levels significantly predicted shorter OS (HR: 3.405, 95% CI: 1.827-6.348, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR: 2.519, 95% CI: 1.557-4.076, p < 0.001) in UM patients. The sensitivity analysis and publication bias test supported the reliability of our results. CONCLUSIONS In UM patients treated with ICIs, the LDH levels were reliable indicators of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430023, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zefeng Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430023, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430023, Hubei Province, China
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Pham JP, On L, Ardolino L, Hurwitz J, Salaun H, Sim HW, Joshua AM. Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic uveal melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:316-325. [PMID: 37199712 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) has historically been associated with short survival and limited effective treatments. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been trialed in mUM; however, robust conclusions regarding their efficacy are difficult to draw given small study sizes and heterogeneous patient populations. Five databases were searched using a combination of 'ICI' and 'mUM' headings, and data on patient demographics, objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were extracted. Pooled ORR was calculated using a random effects model and the inverse variance method. Available Kaplan-Meier OS and PFS curves were used to construct summary OS and PFS plots, from which median values were derived. Pooled ORR was 9.2% overall (95% CI 7.2-11.8) [4.1% for anti-CTLA4 (95% CI 2.1-7.7), 7.1% for anti-PD(L)1 (95% CI 4.5-10.9) and 13.5% for anti-CTLA4 plus anti-PD1 (95% CI 10.0-18.0)]. Median OS was 11.5 months overall (95% CI 9.5-13.8) [8.0 months for anti-CTLA4 (95% CI 5.5-9.9), 11.7 months for anti-PD(L)1 (95% CI 9.0-14.0) and 16.0 months for ipilimumab plus anti-PD1 (95% CI 11.5-17.7) ( P < 0.001)]. Median PFS was 3.0 months overall (95% CI 2.9-3.1). ICIs have limited efficacy in mUM and a recommendation for their use must consider the balance of benefit and risk for individual patients if no other options are available. Further biomarker profiling studies may be helpful in assessing which patients will benefit from ICIs, in particular the addition of ipilimumab to anti-PD1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst
| | - Lawrence On
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Luke Ardolino
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst
| | - Joshua Hurwitz
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst
| | - Helene Salaun
- Department of Medical Oncology, PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Hao-Wen Sim
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst
- Department of Medical Oncology, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Li C, Shi H. BAG2 Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker and Promising Immunotherapy Target in Uveal Melanoma. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2023; 33:55-71. [PMID: 37522545 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023048565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of BAG2 in malignancy is gradually being recognized, however, information on its role in uveal melanoma (UVM) is limited. We aimed to elucidate its function and potential mechanism of action in UVM. METHODS Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO-related datasets, we analyzed the differential expression of BAG2 in tumors, combined with clinical information and methylation data to analyze the prognostic value of BAG2, differential methylation and its association with UVM metastasis. In addition, correlation analysis explored the immunological characteristics of BAG2 in UVM and the response to immunotherapy. Finally, a prognostic model of ferroptosis- related genes was constructed and validated. RESULTS BAG2 is significantly downregulated in multiple cancers including UVM. Prognostic analysis showed that BAG2 was an independent prognostic factor for UVM. Abnormal methylation of BAG2 may affect the metastasis of UVM and be significantly associated with poor prognosis. Immune analysis clarified that BAG2 was significantly associated with UVM immune cell infiltration and multiple immune checkpoints, and low expression of BAG2 was more beneficial in immunotherapy. In addition, the prognostic model of ferroptosis we constructed has good performance in predicting overall survival and metastasis-free survival of UVM. CONCLUSIONS BAG2 is an independent prognostic factor for UVM and may be a potential immune checkpoint for UVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolin Li
- Jinniu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Jinniu District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Uveal Melanoma Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133094. [PMID: 35804863 PMCID: PMC9264803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Although it can be controlled locally, half of the patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Existing therapies, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, induce only minimal responses. This review focuses on newly published research on immunotherapy. We highlight expanding treatments and their clinical outcomes, as well as propose promising new treatments and feasible checkpoints. Based on these findings, we provide innovative insights into feasible strategies for the treatment of patients with uveal melanoma. Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Compared to cutaneous melanoma (CM), which mainly harbors BRAF or NRAS mutations, UM predominantly harbors GNAQ or GNA11 mutations. Although primary UM can be controlled locally, approximately 50% of patients still develop metastases. To date, there have been no standard therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of metastases. Unfortunately, chemotherapy and targeted therapies only induce minimal responses in patients with metastatic UM, with a median survival time of only 4–5 months after metastasis detection. Immunotherapy agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, have achieved pioneering outcomes in CM but have shown limited effects in UM. Researchers have explored several feasible checkpoints to identify options for future therapies. Cancer vaccines have shown little in the way of therapeutic benefit in patients with UM, and there are few ongoing trials providing favorable evidence, but adoptive cell transfer-related therapies seem promising and deserve further investigation. More recently, the immune-mobilizing monoclonal T-cell receptor against the cancer molecule tebentafusp showed impressive antitumor effects. Meanwhile, oncolytic viruses and small molecule inhibitors have also gained ground. This review highlights recent progress in burgeoning treatments and provides innovative insights on feasible strategies for the treatment of UM.
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