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Ma R, Hu K, Dai S, Wang Y. Overexpression of transcription factor TBX5 inhibits the activation of YAP1-TEAD1 pathway to promote ferroptosis in lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 718:150037. [PMID: 38735135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80 % of lung cancer (LC) cases, making it the primary cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5) is an important regulator of embryonic and organ development and plays a key role in cancer development. Here, our objective was to investigate the involvement of TBX5 in ferroptosis within LC cells and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS First, TBX5 expression was examined in human LC cells. Next, overexpression of TBX5 and Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) and knockdown of TEA domain 1 (TEAD1) were performed in A549 and NCI-H1703 cells. The proliferation ability of A549 and NCI-H1703 cells, GSH, MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ levels were measured. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was performed to verify whether TBX5 protein could bind YAP1. Then TBX5, YAP1, TEAD1, GPX4, p53, FTH1, SLC7A11 and PTGS2 protein levels were assessed. Finally, we verified the effect of TBX5 on ferroptosis in LC cells in vivo. RESULTS TBX5 expression was down-regulated in LC cells, especially in A549 and NCI-H1703 cells. Overexpression of TBX5 significantly decreased proliferation ability of A549 and NCI-H1703 cells, downregulated GPX4 and GSH levels, and upregulated MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ levels. Co-IP verified that TBX5 protein could bind YAP1. Moreover, oe-YAP1 promoted proliferation ability of A549 and NCI-H1703 cells transfected with Lv-TBX5, upregulated GPX4 and GSH levels and downregulated MDA, ROS, and Fe2+ levels. Additionally, oe-YAP1 promoted FTH1 and SLC7A11 levels and inhibited p53 and PTGS2 levels in A549 and NCI-H1703 cells transfected with Lv-TBX5. However, transfection with si-TEAD1 further reversed these effects. In vivo experiments further validated that TBX5 promoted ferroptosis in LC cells. CONCLUSIONS TBX5 inhibited the activation of YAP1-TEAD1 pathway to promote ferroptosis in LC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Ma
- General Medicine Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Ke Hu
- Medical College, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, PR China
| | - Siyuan Dai
- Geriatric Medicine Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Geriatric Medicine Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
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Diao WY, Ding CL, Yuan BY, Li Z, Sun N, Huang JB. Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of HER2 Gene Phenotype in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9153-9161. [PMID: 34880654 PMCID: PMC8646112 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s328908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We aim to investigate the relationship between HER2 gene phenotype and clinical characteristics, distribution and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods A total of 249 NSCLC patients admitted to the oncology department of our hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological information, CT signs, clinical efficacy and long-term prognosis were collected and compared. Results A total of 249 NSCLC patients underwent HER2 gene testing, 21 of them (8.43%) complied with HER2 alterations [HER2 (+)], and there were significant differences in tumor stages among patients with different HER2 phenotypes (P<0.05). Among 21 NSCLC patients with HER2 (+), HER2 gene mutation was found in 17 patients (81%), and HER2 gene amplification in 4 patients (19%). Among the HER2 mutations, 12 cases (57%) were 20 exon mutations, and 5 cases (19%) were other mutations. Analysis of CT signs showed that border lobulation/burr, necrosis sign and pleural depression were correlated with HER2 gene mutation (P<0.05). The incidence of EGRF mutation in HER (+) patients was significantly lower than that in HER (-) patients (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of ALK gene mutation among different HER phenotypes (P>0.05). The disease control rate of HER2 (+) patients was significantly lower than that of HER2 (-) patients, and the 12-month progression-free survival rate and survival rate of HER2 (+) patients were significantly higher than those of HER2 (-) patients (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of ADR among HER2 patients with different phenotypes, but the incidence of ADR (adverse drug reaction) in HER2 (+) patients with Grade 3 or 4 was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Discussion The incidence of HER2 gene mutations in NSCLC patients is relatively low, but it is far commoner in patients with stage IIIB~IV, among which exon 20 mutations are the most prevalent. In CT signs, the lesion lobulated sign/spiculated sign, necrosis signs, and pleural depression signs are related to HER2 gene mutations. In addition, HER2 gene mutations play a crucial role in the clinical prognosis and treatment safety of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ying Diao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jimusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Long Ding
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jimusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yang Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jimusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zan Li
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Teaching and Research, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- Graduate Department, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bin Huang
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, 154002, People's Republic of China
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Chen B, Yang M, Li K, Li J, Xu L, Xu F, Xu Y, Ren D, Zhang J, Liu L. Immune-related genes and gene sets for predicting the response to anti-programmed death 1 therapy in patients with primary or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:540. [PMID: 34084219 PMCID: PMC8161458 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint protein programmed death-1 (PD-1) exert therapeutic effects in patients with primary or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the majority of patients exhibit partial or complete resistance to anti-PD1 treatment. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify reliable biomarkers for predicting the response to anti-PD-1 therapy. The present study analyzed tumor specimens isolated from 24 patients (13 with primary and 11 with metastatic NSCLC) prior to treatment with approved PD1-targeting antibodies. The expression profile of 395 immune-related genes was examined using RNA immune-oncology panel sequencing. The results demonstrated that six immune-related differently expressed genes (DEGs), including HLA-F-AS1, NCF1, RORC, DMBT1, KLRF1 and IL-18, and five DEGs, including HLA-A, HLA-DPA1, TNFSF18, IFI6 and PTK7, may be used as single biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment in patients with primary and with metastatic NSCLC, respectively. In addition, two DEG sets comprising either six (HLA-F-AS1, NCF1, RORC, DMBT1, KLRF and IL-18) or two (HLA-A and TNFSF18) DEGs as potential combination biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with NSCLC. Patients with a calculated expression level of the DEG sets >6.501 (primary NSCLC) or >6.741 (metastatic NSCLC) may benefit from the anti-PD-1 therapy. Overall, these findings provided a basis for the identification of additional biomarkers for predicting the response to anti-PD-1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Chen
- Thoracic Medicine Department 2, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Kang Li
- Thoracic Medicine Department 2, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Thoracic Medicine Department 2, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Thoracic Medicine Department 2, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Fang Xu
- Thoracic Medicine Department 2, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- Thoracic Medicine Department 2, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Ren
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100089, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100089, P.R. China
| | - Liyu Liu
- Thoracic Medicine Department 2, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Xu Z, Wang R, Li X, Yang L, Peng H, Wang Y, Wang P. RHBDD1 silencing inhibited cell growth and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer by mediating ZEB1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:503-510. [PMID: 33515112 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rhomboid domain containing 1 (RHBDD1) gene, which was reported to be upregulated in human several cancer, was associated with carcinogenesis. However, the potential biological function of RHBDD1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carcinogenesis remains still not known. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of RHBDD1 and its underlying molecular mechanism in NSCLC. The gene RHBDD1 expression was detected in NSCLC tissues and matched nontumor adjacent tissues. In vitro experiments, NSCLC cell lines (A549, H1650, H358 and H1299) were performed to investigate the biological function of RHBDD1 and its molecular mechanism. Our findings showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of RHBDD1 were notably increased in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines, especially in A549 and H1650 cells. Moreover, silencing of RHBDD1 by RNAi notably inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. Caspase-3/7 activity was remarkably increased in cells treated with RHBDD1 siRNA. RHBDD1 silencing notably reduced the number of invading cells. Furthermore, our findings showed that silencing of RHBDD1 notably inhibited the mRNA and protein expression levels of ZEB1 in A549 and H1650 cells. The phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT was also remarkably decreased by RHBDD1 silencing. ZEB1/AKT overexpression reversed the effect of RHBDD1 silencing on NSCLC cell growth and invasion. Taken together, our findings indicated that RHBDD1 silencing inhibited cell growth and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer by mediating ZEB1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, implying that RHBDD1 was possibly a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyuan Xu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650101, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650101, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Limin Yang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650101, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650101, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650101, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Xu Z, Wang Y, Xiong J, Cui F, Wang L, Peng H. NUSAP1 knockdown inhibits cell growth and metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer through regulating BTG2/PI3K/Akt signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3886-3893. [PMID: 31603257 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common malignancy along with high mortality rate worldwide. Recently, nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) has been reported to be involved in the malignant progression of several cancers. However, in NSCLC, the biological function of NUSAP1 and its molecular mechanism have not been reported. Here, our findings indicated that the NUSAP1 messenger RNA expression level was remarkably upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with that of adjacent normal tissues. We also found that NUSAP1 gene expression was notably upregulated in NSCLC cell lines (A549, 95-D, H358, and H1299) compared with that of normal human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE). Subsequently, the biological function of NUSAP1 was investigated in A549 and H358 cells transfected with NUSAP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), respectively. Results showed that NUSAP1 knockdown inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the number of cell migration and invasion was significantly suppressed by NUSAP1 knockdown. In addition, our results indicated that NUSAP1 knockdown increased the gene expression of B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), but decreased the expression levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase (p-AKT). BTG2 siRNA partly abrogates the effect of NUSAP1 knockdown on BTG2 gene expression. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a AKT activator, reversed the effect of NUSAP1 knockdown on the biological function in NSCLC. Taken together, NUSAP1 knockdown promotes NSCLC cell apoptosis, and inhibits cell proliferation, cell migration, and invasion, which is associated with regulating BTG2/PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Our findings suggest that NUSAP1 is a promising molecular target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZheYuan Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - FengXian Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Ma R, Yang Y, Tu Q, Hu K. Overexpression of T-box Transcription Factor 5 (TBX5) Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 25:1495-1504. [PMID: 28276311 PMCID: PMC7841191 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14883287513729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T-box transcription factor 5 (TBX5), a member of the conserved T-box transcription factor family that functions in organogenesis and embryogenesis, has recently been identified as a critical player in cancer development. The aim of this study was to determine the role of TBX5 in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the correlation between levels of TBX5 and clinicopathological features of NSCLC patients in tissue microarray. Expression of TBX5 in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was evaluated by quantitative PCR and Western blot. The role of TBX5 in regulating proliferation, colony formation, invasion, and apoptosis of NSCLC cells was evaluated in vitro. Finally, a tumorigenicity assay was performed to determine the effect of TBX5 on tumor growth in vivo. The levels of TBX5 in NSCLC tissues were significantly correlated with the TNM stage (p = 0.016), histopathologic type (p = 0.029), and lymph node status (p = 0.035) of NSCLC. TBX5 overexpression markedly suppressed in vitro NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion and induced apoptosis. In vivo tumor growth was significantly suppressed by TBX5. TBX5 has a tumor-suppressing effect in NSCLC and may serve as a therapeutic target for diagnoses and treatment of NSCLC.
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Wallerek S, Sørensen JB. Biomarkers for efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy following complete resection in NSCLC stages I-IIIA. Eur Respir Rev 2016; 24:340-55. [PMID: 26028645 PMCID: PMC9487808 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.00005814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers may be useful when deciding which nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy following complete resection and which chemotherapeutic agents may be used preferably in individual patients in order to maximise survival. A literature search covering the period from 2003 to May, 2014 was conducted using PubMed and the following search terms: “non-small cell lung cancer”, “NSCLC”, “adjuvant chemotherapy”, “randomized”, “randomised”, “biomarkers”, “prognostic”, “predictive”. This review focuses on current knowledge of biomarkers for prognosis or efficacy of adjuvant treatment following complete resection in stage I–IIIA NSCLC patients. This review includes results on 18 different biomarkers and five gene profiles. A statistically significant prognostic impact was reported for: iNTR, TUBB3, RRM1, ERCC1, BRCA1, p53, MRP2, MSH2, TS, mucin, BAG-1, pERK1/2, pAkt-1, microRNA, TopIIA, 15-gene profile, 92-gene profile, 31-gene profile and 14-gene profile. A statistically significant predictive impact was reported for: ERCC1, p53, MSH2, p27, TUBB3, PARP1, ATM, 37-gene profile, 31-gene profile, 15-gene profile and 92-gene profile. Uncertainties regarding the optimal analysis method and cut-off levels for the individual markers may blur the prognostic or predictive signals. None of the possible predictive markers have been validated in prospective trials. Thus, there are no biomarkers ready to use in an adjuvant setting in NSCLC. Further investigation and validation is required to explore biomarkers in completely resected NSCLC stage I–IIIAhttp://ow.ly/M0leE
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wallerek
- Dept of Oncology, Finsen Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Benn Sørensen
- Dept of Oncology, Finsen Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bulk E, Ay AS, Hammadi M, Ouadid-Ahidouch H, Schelhaas S, Hascher A, Rohde C, Thoennissen NH, Wiewrodt R, Schmidt E, Marra A, Hillejan L, Jacobs AH, Klein HU, Dugas M, Berdel WE, Müller-Tidow C, Schwab A. Epigenetic dysregulation of KCa 3.1 channels induces poor prognosis in lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1306-17. [PMID: 25704182 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Epigenomic changes are an important feature of malignant tumors. How tumor aggressiveness is affected by DNA methylation of specific loci is largely unexplored. In genome-wide DNA methylation analyses, we identified the KCa 3.1 channel gene (KCNN4) promoter to be hypomethylated in an aggressive non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell line and in patient samples. Accordingly, KCa 3.1 expression was increased in more aggressive NSCLC cells. Both findings were strong predictors for poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Increased KCa 3.1 expression was associated with aggressive features of NSCLC cells. Proliferation and migration of pro-metastatic NSCLC cells depended on KCa 3.1 activity. Mechanistically, elevated KCa 3.1 expression hyperpolarized the membrane potential, thereby augmenting the driving force for Ca(2+) influx. KCa 3.1 blockade strongly reduced the growth of xenografted NSCLC cells in mice as measured by positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Thus, loss of DNA methylation of the KCNN4 promoter and increased KCa 3.1 channel expression and function are mechanistically linked to poor survival of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Ay
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED4231), UFR Sciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France
| | - Mehdi Hammadi
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED4231), UFR Sciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France.,Inserm U916, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, EA 4667, SFR CAP-SANTE (FED4231), UFR Sciences, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80039, France
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antje Hascher
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Rohde
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nils H Thoennissen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II and Clinic (Oncology Center), University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Wiewrodt
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marra
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Niels-Stensen Clinics, Ostercappeln, Germany
| | - Ludger Hillejan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Niels-Stensen Clinics, Ostercappeln, Germany
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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