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Georgakis S, Orfanakis M, Brenna C, Burgermeister S, Del Rio Estrada PM, González-Navarro M, Torres-Ruiz F, Reyes-Terán G, Avila-Rios S, Luna-Villalobos YA, Chén OY, Pantaleo G, Koup RA, Petrovas C. Follicular Immune Landscaping Reveals a Distinct Profile of FOXP3 hiCD4 hi T Cells in Treated Compared to Untreated HIV. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:912. [PMID: 39204036 PMCID: PMC11359267 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper CD4hi T cells (TFH) are a major cellular pool for the maintenance of the HIV reservoir. Therefore, the delineation of the follicular (F)/germinal center (GC) immune landscape will significantly advance our understanding of HIV pathogenesis. We have applied multiplex confocal imaging, in combination with the relevant computational tools, to investigate F/GC in situ immune dynamics in viremic (vir-HIV), antiretroviral-treated (cART HIV) People Living With HIV (PLWH) and compare them to reactive, non-infected controls. Lymph nodes (LNs) from viremic and cART PLWH could be further grouped based on their TFH cell densities in high-TFH and low-TFH subgroups. These subgroups were also characterized by different in situ distributions of PD1hi TFH cells. Furthermore, a significant accumulation of follicular FOXP3hiCD4hi T cells, which were characterized by a low scattering in situ distribution profile and strongly correlated with the cell density of CD8hi T cells, was found in the cART-HIV low-TFH group. An inverse correlation between plasma viral load and LN GrzBhiCD8hi T and CD16hiCD15lo cells was found. Our data reveal the complex GC immune landscaping in HIV infection and suggest that follicular FOXP3hiCD4hi T cells could be negative regulators of TFH cell prevalence in cART-HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Georgakis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (M.O.)
| | - Michail Orfanakis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (M.O.)
| | - Cloe Brenna
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (M.O.)
| | - Simon Burgermeister
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (M.O.)
| | - Perla M. Del Rio Estrada
- Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico (M.G.-N.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mauricio González-Navarro
- Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico (M.G.-N.)
| | - Fernanda Torres-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico (M.G.-N.)
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Secretaría de Salud de México, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Santiago Avila-Rios
- Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico (M.G.-N.)
| | - Yara Andrea Luna-Villalobos
- Centro de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico (M.G.-N.)
| | - Oliver Y. Chén
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Service of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Constantinos Petrovas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland (M.O.)
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Abuharfeil NM, Yaseen MM, Alsheyab FM. Harnessing Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity To Control HIV-1 Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:158-176. [PMID: 30525453 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Passive administration of broadly neutralizing anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies (bNAbs) has been recently suggested as a promising alternative therapeutic approach for HIV-1 infection. Although the success behind the studies that used this approach has been attributed to the potency and neutralization breadth of anti-HIV-1 antibodies, several lines of evidence support the idea that specific antibody-dependent effector functions, particularly antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), play a critical role in controlling HIV-1 infection. In this review, we showed that there is a direct association between the activation of ADCC and better clinical outcomes. This, in turn, suggests that ADCC could be harnessed to control HIV-1 infection. To this end, we addressed the passive administration of bNAbs capable of selectively activating ADCC responses to HIV-1 patients. Finally, we summarized the potential barriers that may impede the optimal activation of ADCC during HIV-1 infection and provided strategic solutions to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110. Jordan
| | - Fawzi M. Alsheyab
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Bispecific chimeric antigen receptors targeting the CD4 binding site and high-mannose Glycans of gp120 optimized for anti-human immunodeficiency virus potency and breadth with minimal immunogenicity. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:407-419. [PMID: 29306566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) offer great potential toward a functional cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To achieve the necessary long-term virus suppression, we believe that CARs must be designed for optimal potency and anti-HIV specificity, and also for minimal probability of virus escape and CAR immunogenicity. CARs containing antibody-based motifs are problematic in the latter regard due to epitope mutation and anti-idiotypic immune responses against the variable regions. METHODS We designed bispecific CARs, each containing a segment of human CD4 linked to the carbohydrate recognition domain of a human C-type lectin. These CARs target two independent regions on HIV-1 gp120 that presumably must be conserved on clinically significant virus variants (i.e., the primary receptor binding site and the dense oligomannose patch). Functionality and specificity of these bispecific CARs were analyzed in assays of CAR-T cell activation and spreading HIV-1 suppression. RESULTS T cells expressing a CD4-dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DCSIGN) CAR displayed robust stimulation upon encounter with Env-expressing targets, but negligible activity against intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2 and ICAM-3, the natural dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin ligands. Moreover, the presence of the lectin moiety prevented the CD4 from acting as an entry receptor on CCR5-expressing cells, including CD8+ T cells. However, in HIV suppression assays, the CD4-DCSIGN CAR and the related CD4-liver/lymph node-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin CAR displayed only minimally increased potency compared with the CD4 CAR against some HIV-1 isolates and reduced potency against others. By contrast, the CD4-langerin and CD4-mannose binding lectin (MBL) CARs uniformly displayed enhanced potency compared with the CD4 CAR against all the genetically diverse HIV-1 isolates examined. Further experimental data, coupled with known biological features, suggest particular advantages of the CD4-MBL CAR. DISCUSSION These studies highlight features of bispecific CD4-lectin CARs that achieve potency enhancement by targeting two distinct highly conserved Env determinants while lacking immunogenicity-prone antibody-based motifs.
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Hua CK, Ackerman ME. Increasing the Clinical Potential and Applications of Anti-HIV Antibodies. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1655. [PMID: 29234320 PMCID: PMC5712301 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and early human clinical studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to prevent and treat HIV infection support the clinical utility and potential of bNAbs for prevention, postexposure prophylaxis, and treatment of acute and chronic infection. Observed and potential limitations of bNAbs from these recent studies include the selection of resistant viral populations, immunogenicity resulting in the development of antidrug (Ab) responses, and the potentially toxic elimination of reservoir cells in regeneration-limited tissues. Here, we review opportunities to improve the clinical utility of HIV Abs to address these challenges and further accomplish functional targets for anti-HIV Ab therapy at various stages of exposure/infection. Before exposure, bNAbs' ability to serve as prophylaxis by neutralization may be improved by increasing serum half-life to necessitate less frequent administration, delivering genes for durable in vivo expression, and targeting bNAbs to sites of exposure. After exposure and/or in the setting of acute infection, bNAb use to prevent/reduce viral reservoir establishment and spread may be enhanced by increasing the potency with which autologous adaptive immune responses are stimulated, clearing acutely infected cells, and preventing cell-cell transmission of virus. In the setting of chronic infection, bNAbs may better mediate viral remission or "cure" in combination with antiretroviral therapy and/or latency reversing agents, by targeting additional markers of tissue reservoirs or infected cell types, or by serving as targeting moieties in engineered cell therapy. While the clinical use of HIV Abs has never been closer, remaining studies to precisely define, model, and understand the complex roles and dynamics of HIV Abs and viral evolution in the context of the human immune system and anatomical compartmentalization will be critical to both optimize their clinical use in combination with existing agents and define further strategies with which to enhance their clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey K. Hua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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Hua CK, Ackerman ME. Engineering broadly neutralizing antibodies for HIV prevention and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:157-173. [PMID: 26827912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A combination of advances spanning from isolation to delivery of potent HIV-specific antibodies has begun to revolutionize understandings of antibody-mediated antiviral activity. As a result, the set of broadly neutralizing and highly protective antibodies has grown in number, diversity, potency, and breadth of viral recognition and neutralization. These antibodies are now being further enhanced by rational engineering of their anti-HIV activities and coupled to cutting edge gene delivery and strategies to optimize their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. As a result, the prospects for clinical use of HIV-specific antibodies to treat, clear, and prevent HIV infection are gaining momentum. Here we discuss the diverse methods whereby antibodies are being optimized for neutralization potency and breadth, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and effector function with the aim of revolutionizing HIV treatment and prevention options.
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Wainberg MA, Han YS, Mesplède T. Might dolutegravir be part of a functional cure for HIV? Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:375-82. [PMID: 27031127 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has greatly decreased HIV-related morbidity and mortality. However, HIV can establish viral reservoirs that evade both the immune system and ART. Dolutegravir (DTG) is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) related to the first-generation INSTIs raltegravir (RAL) and elvitegravir (EVG). DTG shows a higher genetic barrier to the development of HIV-1 resistance than RAL and EVG. More interestingly, clinical resistance mutations to DTG in treatment-naïve patients have not been observed to date. This review summarizes recent studies on strategies toward a cure for HIV, explores resistance profiles of DTG, and discusses how DTG might help in finding a functional cure for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Wainberg
- a McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que., Canada.,b Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada.,c Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Que., Canada
| | - Ying-Shan Han
- a McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que., Canada
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- a McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Que., Canada
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Liu C, Ma X, Liu B, Chen C, Zhang H. HIV-1 functional cure: will the dream come true? BMC Med 2015; 13:284. [PMID: 26588898 PMCID: PMC4654816 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The reservoir of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a long-lived pool of latently infected cells harboring replication-competent viruses, is the major obstacle to curing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can successfully suppress HIV-1 viremia and significantly delay the progression of the disease, it cannot eliminate the viral reservoir and the patient must continue to take anti-viral medicines for life. Currently, the appearance of the 'Berlin patient', the 'Boston patients', and the 'Mississippi baby' have inspired many therapeutic strategies for HIV-1 aimed at curing efforts. However, the specific eradication of viral latency and the recovery and optimization of the HIV-1-specific immune surveillance are major challenges to achieving such a cure. Here, we summarize recent studies addressing the mechanisms underlying the viral latency and define two categories of viral reservoir: 'shallow' and 'deep'. We also present the current strategies and recent advances in the development of a functional cure for HIV-1, focusing on full/partial replacement of the immune system, 'shock and kill', and 'permanent silencing' approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiancai Ma
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Cancan Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Meier BM, Gelpi A, Kavanagh MM, Forman L, Amon JJ. Employing human rights frameworks to realize access to an HIV cure. J Int AIDS Soc 2015; 18:20305. [PMID: 26568056 PMCID: PMC4644771 DOI: 10.7448/ias.18.1.20305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The scale of the HIV pandemic - and the stigma, discrimination and violence that surrounded its sudden emergence - catalyzed a public health response that expanded human rights in principle and practice. In the absence of effective treatment, human rights activists initially sought to protect individuals at high risk of HIV infection. With advances in antiretroviral therapy, activists expanded their efforts under international law, advocating under the human right to health for individual access to treatment. DISCUSSION As a clinical cure comes within reach, human rights obligations will continue to play a key role in political and programmatic decision-making. Building upon the evolving development and implementation of the human right to health in the global response to HIV, we outline a human rights research agenda to prepare for HIV cure access, investigating the role of human rights law in framing 1) resource allocation, 2) international obligations, 3) intellectual property and 4) freedom from coercion. CONCLUSIONS The right to health is widely recognized as central to governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental responses to the pandemic and critical both to addressing vulnerability to infection and to ensuring universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. While the advent of an HIV cure will raise new obligations for policymakers in implementing the right to health, the resolution of past debates surrounding HIV prevention and treatment may inform claims for universal access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Mason Meier
- Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;
| | - Adriane Gelpi
- Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew M Kavanagh
- Department of Political Science, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Forman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joseph J Amon
- Health and Human Rights Division, Human Rights Watch, New York, NY, USA
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