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Newhouse AC, Alter TD, Handoklow LA, Espinoza Orías AA, Inoue N, Nho SJ. 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging-based hip bone models for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome are equivalent to computed tomography-based models. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:2017-2025. [PMID: 38564320 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare three-dimensional (3D) proximal femoral and acetabular surface models generated from 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to the clinical gold standard of computed tomography (CT). Ten intact fresh-frozen cadaveric hips underwent CT and 3.0T MRI scans. The CT- and MRI-based segmented models were superimposed using a validated 3D-3D registration volume-merge method to compare them. The least surface-to-surface distance between the models was calculated by a point-to-surface calculation algorithm using a custom-written program. The variables of interest were the signed and absolute surface-to-surface distance between the paired bone models. One-sample t-tests were performed using a signed and absolute test value of 0.16 mm and 0.37 mm, respectively, based on a previous study that validated 1.5T MRI bone models by comparison with CT bone models. For the femur, the average signed and absolute surface-to-surface distance was 0.18 ± 0.09 mm and 0.30 ± 0.06 mm, respectively. There was no difference in the signed surface-to-surface distance and the 0.16 mm test value (t = 0.650, p = 0.532). However, the absolute surface-to-surface difference was less than the 0.37 mm test value (t = -4.025, p = 0.003). For the acetabulum, the average signed and absolute surface-to-surface distance was -0.06 ± 0.06 mm and 0.26 ± 0.04 mm, respectively. The signed (t = -12.569, p < 0.001) and absolute (t = -8.688, p < 0.001) surface-to-surface difference were less than the 0.16 mm and 0.37 mm test values, respectively. Our data shows that 3.0T MRI bone models are more similar to CT bone models than previously validated 1.5T MRI bone models. This is likely due to the higher resolution of the 3T data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Newhouse
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas D Alter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lyla A Handoklow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Nozomu Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shane J Nho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Schmaranzer F, Movahhedi M, Singh M, Kallini JR, Nanavati AK, Steppacher SD, Heimann AF, Kiapour AM, Novais EN. Computed tomography-based automated 3D measurement of femoral version: Validation against standard 2D measurements in symptomatic patients. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38678375 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
To validate 3D methods for femoral version measurement, we asked: (1) Can a fully automated segmentation of the entire femur and 3D measurement of femoral version using a neck based method and a head-shaft based method be performed? (2) How do automatic 3D-based computed tomography (CT) measurements of femoral version compare to the most commonly used 2D-based measurements utilizing four different landmarks? Retrospective study (May 2017 to June 2018) evaluating 45 symptomatic patients (57 hips, mean age 18.7 ± 5.1 years) undergoing pelvic and femoral CT. Femoral version was assessed using four previously described methods (Lee, Reikeras, Tomczak, and Murphy). Fully-automated segmentation yielded 3D femur models used to measure femoral version via femoral neck- and head-shaft approaches. Mean femoral version with 95% confidence intervals, and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated, and Bland-Altman analysis was performed. Automatic 3D segmentation was highly accurate, with mean dice coefficients of 0.98 ± 0.03 and 0.97 ± 0.02 for femur/pelvis, respectively. Mean difference between 3D head-shaft- (27.4 ± 16.6°) and 3D neck methods (12.9 ± 13.7°) was 14.5 ± 10.7° (p < 0.001). The 3D neck method was closer to the proximal Lee (-2.4 ± 5.9°, -4.4 to 0.5°, p = 0.009) and Reikeras (2 ± 5.6°, 95% CI: 0.2 to 3.8°, p = 0.03) methods. The 3D head-shaft method was closer to the distal Tomczak (-1.3 ± 7.5°, 95% CI: -3.8 to 1.1°, p = 0.57) and Murphy (1.5 ± 5.4°, -0.3 to 3.3°, p = 0.12) methods. Automatic 3D neck-based-/head-shaft methods yielded femoral version angles comparable to the proximal/distal 2D-based methods, when applying fully-automated segmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohammadreza Movahhedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mallika Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer R Kallini
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas K Nanavati
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander F Heimann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, HFR - Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ata M Kiapour
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eduardo N Novais
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lerch TD, Kaim T, Grob V, Hanke M, Schmaranzer F, Steppacher SD, Busch JD, Ziebarth K. MR-based Bony 3D models enable radiation-free preoperative patient-specific analysis and 3D printing for SCFE patients. J Child Orthop 2024; 18:162-170. [PMID: 38567038 PMCID: PMC10984152 DOI: 10.1177/18632521241229618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Slipped capital femoral epiphyses (SCFE) is a common pediatric hip disease with the risk of osteoarthritis and impingement deformities, and 3D models could be useful for patient-specific analysis. Therefore, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) bone segmentation and feasibility of 3D printing and of 3D ROM simulation using MRI-based 3D models were investigated. Methods A retrospective study involving 22 symptomatic patients (22 hips) with SCFE was performed. All patients underwent preoperative hip MR with pelvic coronal high-resolution images (T1 images). Slice thickness was 0.8-1.2 mm. Mean age was 12 ± 2 years (59% male patients). All patients underwent surgical treatment. Semi-automatic MRI-based bone segmentation with manual corrections and 3D printing of plastic 3D models was performed. Virtual 3D models were tested for computer-assisted 3D ROM simulation of patients with knee images and were compared to asymptomatic contralateral hips with unilateral SCFE (15 hips, control group). Results MRI-based bone segmentation was feasible (all patients, 100%, in 4.5 h, mean 272 ± 52 min). Three-dimensional printing of plastic 3D models was feasible (all patients, 100%) and was considered helpful for deformity analysis by the treating surgeons for severe and moderate SCFE. Three-dimensional ROM simulation showed significantly (p < 0.001) decreased flexion (48 ± 40°) and IR in 90° of flexion (-14 ± 21°, IRF-90°) for severe SCFE patients with MRI compared to control group (122 ± 9° and 36 ± 11°). Slip angle improved significantly (p < 0.001) from preoperative 54 ± 15° to postoperative 4 ± 2°. Conclusion MRI-based 3D models were feasible for SCFE patients. Three-dimensional models could be useful for severe SCFE patients for preoperative 3D printing and deformity analysis and for ROM simulation. This could aid for patient-specific diagnosis, treatment decisions, and preoperative planning. MRI-based 3D models are radiation-free and could be used instead of CT-based 3D models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Child and Young Adult Hip Preservation Program at Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tilman Kaim
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Grob
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Hanke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin D Busch
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kai Ziebarth
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, section of pediatric orthopedic surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Boschung A, Antioco T, Steppacher SD, Tannast M, Novais EN, Kim YJ, Lerch TD. Posterior Hip Impingement at Maximal Hip Extension in Female Patients With Increased Femoral Version or Increased McKibbin Index and Its Effect on Sports Performance. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231184802. [PMID: 37529532 PMCID: PMC10387700 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231184802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The location of posterior hip impingement at maximal extension in patients with posterior femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is unclear. Purpose To investigate the frequency and area of impingement at maximal hip extension and at 10° and 20° of extension in female patients with increased femoral version (FV) and posterior hip pain. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Osseous patient-specific 3-dimensional (3D) models were generated of 50 hips (37 female patients, 3D computed tomography) with a positive posterior impingement test and increased FV (defined as >35°). The McKibbin index (combined version) was calculated as the sum of FV and acetabular version (AV). Subgroups of patients with an increased McKibbin index >70° (24 hips) and FV >50° (20 hips) were analyzed. A control group of female participants (10 hips) had normal FV, normal AV, and no valgus deformity (neck-shaft angle, <139°). Validated 3D collision detection software was used for simulation of osseous impingement-free hip extension (no rotation). Results The mean impingement-free maximal hip extension was significantly lower in patients with FV >35° compared with the control group (15° ± 15° vs 55° ± 19°; P < .001). At maximal hip extension, 78% of patients with FV >35° had osseous posterior extra-articular ischiofemoral hip impingement. At 20° of extension, the frequency of posterior extra-articular ischiofemoral impingement was significantly higher for patients with a McKibbin index >70° (83%) and for patients with FV >35° (76%) than for controls (0%) (P < .001 for both). There was a significant correlation between maximal extension (no rotation) and FV (r = 0.46; P < .001) as well as between impingement area at 20° of extension (external rotation [ER], 0°) and McKibbin index (0.61; P < .001). Impingement area at 20° of extension (ER, 0°) was significantly larger for patients with McKibbin index >70° versus <70° (251 vs 44 mm2; P = .001). Conclusion The limited hip extension found in our study could theoretically affect the performance of sports activities such as running, ballet dancing, or lunges. Therefore, although not examined directly in this study, these activities are not advisable for these patients. Preoperative evaluation of FV and the McKibbin index is important in female patients with posterior hip pain before hip preservation surgery (eg, hip arthroscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Boschung
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Antioco
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D. Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo N. Novais
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Young-jo Kim
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Till D. Lerch
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Meier MK, Scheuber S, Hanke MS, Haefeli PC, Ruckli AC, Liechti EF, Gerber N, Lerch TD, Tannast M, Siebenrock KA, Steppacher SD, Schmaranzer F. Does the dGEMRIC Index Recover 3 Years After Surgical FAI Correction and an Initial dGEMRIC Decrease at 1-Year Follow-up? A Controlled Prospective Study. Am J Sports Med 2023:3635465231167854. [PMID: 37183998 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231167854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) allows objective and noninvasive assessment of cartilage quality. An interim analysis 1 year after correction of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) previously showed that the dGEMRIC index decreased despite good clinical outcome. PURPOSE To evaluate dGEMRIC indices longitudinally in patients who underwent FAI correction and in a control group undergoing nonoperative treatment for FAI. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS This prospective, comparative longitudinal study included 39 patients (40 hips) who received either operative (n = 20 hips) or nonoperative (n = 20 hips) treatment. Baseline demographic characteristics and presence of osseous deformities did not differ between groups. All patients received indirect magnetic resonance arthrography at 3 time points (baseline, 1 and 3 years of follow-up). The 3-dimensional cartilage models were created using a custom-developed deep learning-based software. The dGEMRIC indices were determined separately for acetabular and femoral cartilage. A mixed-effects model was used for statistical analysis in repeated measures. RESULTS The operative group showed an initial (preoperative to 1-year follow-up) decrease of dGEMRIC indices: acetabular from 512 ± 174 to 392 ± 123 ms and femoral from 530 ± 173 to 411 ± 117 ms (both P < .001). From 1-year to 3-year follow-up, dGEMRIC indices improved again: acetabular from 392 ± 123 to 456 ± 163 ms and femoral from 411 ± 117 to 477 ± 169 ms (both P < .001). The nonoperative group showed no significant changes in dGEMRIC indices in acetabular and femoral cartilage from baseline to either follow-up point (all P > .05). CONCLUSION This study showed that 3 years after FAI correction, the dGEMRIC indices improved compared with short-term 1-year follow-up. This may be due to normalized joint biomechanics or regressive postoperative activation of the inflammatory cascade after intra-articular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Kristin Meier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samira Scheuber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Simon Hanke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Cyrill Haefeli
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Cyrill Ruckli
- Personalized Medicine Research, School of Biomedical and Precision Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Francis Liechti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Gerber
- Personalized Medicine Research, School of Biomedical and Precision Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Till Dominic Lerch
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Arno Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Damian Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Boschung A, Antioco T, Steppacher SD, Tannast M, Novais EN, Kim YJ, Lerch TD. Limited External Rotation and Hip Extension Due to Posterior Extra-articular Ischiofemoral Hip Impingement in Female Patients With Increased Femoral Anteversion: Implications for Sports, Sexual, and Daily Activities. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:1015-1023. [PMID: 36812494 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231153624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is poorly understood. Patients with increased femoral anteversion (FV) exhibit posterior hip pain. PURPOSE To correlate hip impingement area with FV and with combined version and to investigate frequency of limited external rotation (ER) and hip extension (<40°, <20°, and <0°) due to posterior extra-articular ischiofemoral impingement. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Osseous patient-specific three-dimensional (3D) models based on 3D computed tomography scans were generated of 37 female patients (50 hips) with positive posterior impingement test (100%) and increased FV >35° (Murphy method). Surgery was performed in 50% of patients (mean age, 30 years; 100% female). FV and acetabular version (AV) were added to calculate combined version. Subgroups of patients (24 hips) with increased combined version >70° and patients (9 valgus hips) with increased combined version >50° were analyzed. The control group (20 hips) had normal FV, normal AV, and no valgus. Bone segmentation was performed to generate 3D models of every patient. Validated 3D collision detection software was used for simulation of impingement-free hip motion (equidistant method). Impingement area was evaluated in combined 20° of ER and 20° of extension. RESULTS Posterior extra-articular ischiofemoral impingement occurred between the ischium and the lesser trochanter in 92% of patients with FV >35° in combined 20° of ER and 20° of extension. Impingement area in combined 20° of ER and 20° of extension was larger with increasing FV and with higher combined version; correlation was significant (P < .001, r = 0.57, and r = 0.65). Impingement area was significantly (P = .001) larger (681 vs 296 mm2) for patients with combined version >70° (vs <70°, respectively) in combined 20° of ER and 20° of extension. All symptomatic patients with increased FV >35° (100%) had limited ER <40°, and most (88%) had limited extension <40°. The frequency of posterior intra- and extra-articular hip impingement of symptomatic patients (100% and 88%, respectively) was significantly (P < .001) higher compared with the control group (10% and 10%, respectively). The frequency of patients with increased FV >35° with limited extension <20° (70%) and patients with limited ER <20° (54%) was significantly (P < .001) higher compared with the control group (0% and 0%, respectively). The frequency of completely limited extension <0° (no extension) and ER <0° (no ER in extension) was significantly (P < .001) higher for valgus hips (44%) with combined version >50° compared with patients with FV >35° (0%). CONCLUSION All patients with increased FV >35° had limited ER <40°, and most of them had limited extension <20° due to posterior intra- or extra-articular hip impingement. This is important for patient counselling, for physical therapy, and for planning of hip-preservation surgery (eg, hip arthroscopy). This finding has implications and could limit daily activities (long-stride walking), sexual activity, ballet dancing, and sports (eg, yoga or skiing), although not studied directly. Good correlation between impingement area and combined version supports evaluation of combined version in female patients with positive posterior impingement test or posterior hip pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Boschung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Antioco
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo N Novais
- Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Young-Jo Kim
- Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Till Dominic Lerch
- Childrens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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A Deep Learning Method for Quantification of Femoral Head Necrosis Based on Routine Hip MRI for Improved Surgical Decision Making. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010153. [PMID: 36675814 PMCID: PMC9862886 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: To evaluate the performance of a deep learning model to automatically segment femoral head necrosis (FHN) based on a standard 2D MRI sequence compared to manual segmentations for 3D quantification of FHN. (2) Methods: Twenty-six patients (thirty hips) with avascular necrosis underwent preoperative MR arthrography including a coronal 2D PD-w sequence and a 3D T1 VIBE sequence. Manual ground truth segmentations of the necrotic and unaffected bone were then performed by an expert reader to train a self-configuring nnU-Net model. Testing of the network performance was performed using a 5-fold cross-validation and Dice coefficients were calculated. In addition, performance across the three segmentations were compared using six parameters: volume of necrosis, volume of unaffected bone, percent of necrotic bone volume, surface of necrotic bone, unaffected femoral head surface, and percent of necrotic femoral head surface area. (3) Results: Comparison between the manual 3D and manual 2D segmentations as well as 2D with the automatic model yielded significant, strong correlations (Rp > 0.9) across all six parameters of necrosis. Dice coefficients between manual- and automated 2D segmentations of necrotic- and unaffected bone were 75 ± 15% and 91 ± 5%, respectively. None of the six parameters of FHN differed between the manual and automated 2D segmentations and showed strong correlations (Rp > 0.9). Necrotic volume and surface area showed significant differences (all p < 0.05) between early and advanced ARCO grading as opposed to the modified Kerboul angle, which was comparable between both groups (p > 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Our deep learning model to automatically segment femoral necrosis based on a routine hip MRI was highly accurate. Coupled with improved quantification for volume and surface area, as opposed to 2D angles, staging and course of treatment can become better tailored to patients with varying degrees of AVN.
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Moshfeghifar F, Gholamalizadeh T, Ferguson Z, Schneider T, Nielsen MB, Panozzo D, Darkner S, Erleben K. LibHip: An open-access hip joint model repository suitable for finite element method simulation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107140. [PMID: 36162245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE population-based finite element analysis of hip joints allows us to understand the effect of inter-subject variability on simulation results. Developing large subject-specific population models is challenging and requires extensive manual effort. Thus, the anatomical representations are often subjected to simplification. The discretized geometries do not guarantee conformity in shared interfaces, leading to complications in setting up simulations. Additionally, these models are not openly accessible, challenging reproducibility. Our work provides multiple subject-specific hip joint finite element models and a novel semi-automated modeling workflow. METHODS we reconstruct 11 healthy subject-specific models, including the sacrum, the paired pelvic bones, the paired proximal femurs, the paired hip joints, the paired sacroiliac joints, and the pubic symphysis. The bones are derived from CT scans, and the cartilages are generated from the bone geometries. We generate the whole complex's volume mesh with conforming interfaces. Our models are evaluated using both mesh quality metrics and simulation experiments. RESULTS the geometry of all the models are inspected by our clinical expert and show high-quality discretization with accurate geometries. The simulations produce smooth stress patterns, and the variance among the subjects highlights the effect of inter-subject variability and asymmetry in the predicted results. CONCLUSIONS our work is one of the largest model repositories with respect to the number of subjects and regions of interest in the hip joint area. Our detailed research data, including the clinical images, the segmentation label maps, the finite element models, and software tools, are openly accessible on GitHub and the link is provided in Moshfeghifar et al.(2022)[1]. Our aim is to empower clinical researchers to have free access to verified and reproducible models. In future work, we aim to add additional structures to our models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Moshfeghifar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - Torkan Gholamalizadeh
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; 3Shape A/S, Copenhagen 1060, Denmark
| | - Zachary Ferguson
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 60 5th Ave, New York, NY 10011, United States
| | - Teseo Schneider
- Department of Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michael Bachmann Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniele Panozzo
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 60 5th Ave, New York, NY 10011, United States
| | - Sune Darkner
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kenny Erleben
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Lerch TD, Antioco T, Boschung A, Meier MK, Schmaranzer F, Novais EN, Tannast M, Steppacher SD. Hip Impingement Location in Maximal Hip Flexion in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement With and Without Femoral Retroversion. Am J Sports Med 2022; 50:2989-2997. [PMID: 36037094 DOI: 10.1177/03635465221110887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptomatic patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) have limitations in daily activities and sports and report the exacerbation of hip pain in deep flexion. Yet, the exact impingement location in deep flexion and the effect of femoral version (FV) are unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the acetabular and femoral locations of intra- or extra-articular hip impingement in flexion in patients with FAI with and without femoral retroversion. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS An institutional review board-approved retrospective study involving 84 hips (68 participants) was performed. Of these, symptomatic patients (37 hips) with anterior FAI and femoral retroversion (FV <5°) were compared with symptomatic patients (21 hips) with anterior FAI (normal FV) and with a control group (26 asymptomatic hips without FAI and normal FV). All patients were symptomatic, had anterior hip pain, and had positive anterior impingement test findings. Most of the patients had hip/groin pain in maximal flexion or deep flexion or during sports. All 84 hips underwent pelvic computed tomography (CT) to measure FV as well as validated dynamic impingement simulation with patient-specific CT-based 3-dimensional models using the equidistant method. RESULTS In maximal hip flexion, femoral impingement was located anterior-inferior at 4 o'clock (57%) and 5 o'clock (32%) in patients with femoral retroversion and mostly at 5 o'clock in patients without femoral retroversion (69%) and in asymptomatic controls (76%). Acetabular intra-articular impingement was located anterior-superior (2 o'clock) in all 3 groups. In 125° of flexion, patients with femoral retroversion had a significantly (P < .001) higher prevalence of anterior extra-articular subspine impingement (54%) and anterior intra-articular impingement (89%) compared with the control group (29% and 62%, respectively). CONCLUSION Knowing the exact location of hip impingement in deep flexion has implications for surgical treatment, sports, and physical therapy and confirms previous recommendations: Deep flexion (eg, during squats/lunges) should be avoided in patients with FAI and even more in patients with femoral retroversion. Patients with femoral retroversion may benefit and have less pain when avoiding deep flexion. For these patients, the femoral location of the impingement conflict in flexion was different (anterior-inferior) and distal to the cam deformity compared with the location during the anterior impingement test (anterior-superior). This could be important for preoperative planning and bone resection (cam resection or acetabular rim trimming) during hip arthroscopy or open hip preservation surgery to ensure that the region of impingement is appropriately identified before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Antioco
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adam Boschung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Malin K Meier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo N Novais
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Mills ES, Becerra JA, Yensen K, Bolia IK, Shontz EC, Kebaish KJ, Dobitsch A, Hasan LK, Haratian A, Ong CD, Gross J, Petrigliano FA, Weber AE. Current and Future Advanced Imaging Modalities for the Diagnosis of Early Osteoarthritis of the Hip. Orthop Res Rev 2022; 14:327-338. [PMID: 36131944 PMCID: PMC9482955 DOI: 10.2147/orr.s357498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hip osteoarthritis (OA) can be idiopathic or develop secondary to structural joint abnormalities of the hip joint (alteration of normal anatomy) and/or due to a systemic condition with joint involvement. Early osteoarthritic changes to the hip can be completely asymptomatic or may cause the development hip symptomatology without evidence of OA on radiographs. Delaying the progression of hip OA is critical due to the significant impact of this condition on the patient’s quality of life. Pre-OA of the hip is a newly established term that is often described as the development of signs and symptoms of degenerative hip disease but no radiographic evidence of OA. Advanced imaging methods can help to diagnose pre-OA of the hip in patients with hip pain and normal radiographs or aid in the surveillance of asymptomatic patients with an underlying hip diagnosis that is known to increase the risk of early OA of the hip. These methods include the delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (dGEMRIC), quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI- T1rho, T2, and T2* relaxation time mapping), 7-Tesla MRI, computed tomography (CT), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). dGEMRIC proved to be a reliable and accurate modality though it is limited by the significant time necessary for contrast washout between scans. This disadvantage is potentially overcome by T2 weighted MRIs, which do not require contrast. 7-Tesla MRI is a promising development for enhanced imaging resolution compared to 1.5 and 3T MRIs. This technique does require additional optimization and development prior to widespread clinical use. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of translational and clinical studies investigating the utilization of the above-mentioned imaging modalities to diagnose hip pre-OA, with special focus on recent research evaluating their implementation into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Mills
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacob A Becerra
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katie Yensen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ioanna K Bolia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Correspondence: Ioanna K Bolia, USC Epstein Family Center for Sports Medicine at Keck Medicine of USC, 1520 San Pablo st #2000, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA, Tel +1 9703432813, Fax +8181 658 5920, Email
| | - Edward C Shontz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kareem J Kebaish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Dobitsch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laith K Hasan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aryan Haratian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charlton D Ong
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Gross
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank A Petrigliano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander E Weber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Ruckli AC, Schmaranzer F, Meier MK, Lerch TD, Steppacher SD, Tannast M, Zeng G, Burger J, Siebenrock KA, Gerber N, Gerber K. Automated quantification of cartilage quality for hip treatment decision support. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2022; 17:2011-2021. [PMID: 35976596 PMCID: PMC9515031 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-022-02714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Preservation surgery can halt the progress of joint degradation, preserving the life of the hip; however, outcome depends on the existing cartilage quality. Biochemical analysis of the hip cartilage utilizing MRI sequences such as delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC), in addition to morphological analysis, can be used to detect early signs of cartilage degradation. However, a complete, accurate 3D analysis of the cartilage regions and layers is currently not possible due to a lack of diagnostic tools. Methods A system for the efficient automatic parametrization of the 3D hip cartilage was developed. 2D U-nets were trained on manually annotated dual-flip angle (DFA) dGEMRIC for femoral head localization and cartilage segmentation. A fully automated cartilage sectioning pipeline for analysis of central and peripheral regions, femoral-acetabular layers, and a variable number of section slices, was developed along with functionality for the automatic calculation of dGEMRIC index, thickness, surface area, and volume. Results The trained networks locate the femoral head and segment the cartilage with a Dice similarity coefficient of 88 ± 3 and 83 ± 4% on DFA and magnetization-prepared 2 rapid gradient-echo (MP2RAGE) dGEMRIC, respectively. A completely automatic cartilage analysis was performed in 18s, and no significant difference for average dGEMRIC index, volume, surface area, and thickness calculated on manual and automatic segmentation was observed. Conclusion An application for the 3D analysis of hip cartilage was developed for the automated detection of subtle morphological and biochemical signs of cartilage degradation in prognostic studies and clinical diagnosis. The segmentation network achieved a 4-time increase in processing speed without loss of segmentation accuracy on both normal and deformed anatomy, enabling accurate parametrization. Retraining of the networks with the promising MP2RAGE protocol would enable analysis without the need for B1 inhomogeneity correction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Ruckli
- sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, Personalised Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Diagnostic-, Interventional- and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Malin K Meier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Till D Lerch
- Department of Diagnostic-, Interventional- and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Guodong Zeng
- sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, Personalised Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Burger
- sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, Personalised Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Gerber
- sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, Personalised Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Kate Gerber
- sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, Personalised Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Ewertowski NP, Schleich C, Abrar DB, Hosalkar HS, Bittersohl B. Automated measurement of alpha angle on 3D-magnetic resonance imaging in femoroacetabular impingement hips: a pilot study. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:370. [PMID: 35907886 PMCID: PMC9338591 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome is an established pre-osteoarthritic condition. Diagnosis is based on both clinical and radiographic parameters. An abnormal manually calculated alpha angle in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is traditionally utilized to diagnose abnormal femoral head-neck offset. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of automated alpha angle measurements in patients with FAI syndrome, and to compare automated with manual measurements data with regard to the time and effort needed in each method. METHODS Alpha angles were measured with manual and automated techniques, using postprocessing software in nineteen hip MRIs of FAI syndrome patients. Two observers conducted manual measurements. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility and correlation of manual and automated alpha angle measurements were calculated using intra-class correlation (ICC) analysis. Both techniques were compared regarding the time taken (in minutes) and effort required, measured as the amount of mouse button presses performed. RESULTS The first observer's intra-observer reproducibility was good (ICC 0.77; p < 0.001) while the second observer's was good-to-excellent (ICC 0.93; p < 0.001). Inter-observer reproducibility between both observers in the first (ICC 0.45; p < 0.001) and second (ICC 0.56; p < 0.001) manual alpha angle assessment was moderate. The intra-class correlation coefficients between manual and automated alpha angle measurements were ICC = 0.24 (p = 0.052; observer 1, 1st measurement), ICC = 0.32 (p = 0.015; observer 1, 2nd measurement), ICC = 0.50 (p < 0.001; observer 2, 1st measurement), and ICC = 0.45 (p < 0.001; observer 2, 2nd measurement). Average runtime for automatic processing of the image data for the automated assessment was 16.6 ± 1.9 min. Automatic alpha angle measurements took longer (time difference: 14.6 ± 3.9 min; p < 0.001) but required less effort (difference in button presses: 231 ± 23; p < 0.001). While the automatic processing is running, the user can perform other tasks. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates that objective and reliable automated alpha angle measurement of MRIs in FAI syndrome hips is feasible. Trial registration The Ethics Committee of the University of Düsseldorf approved our study (Registry-ID: 2017084398).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastassja Pamela Ewertowski
- Department for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Benjamin Abrar
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harish S Hosalkar
- Paradise Valley Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.,Tri-City Medical Center, Oceanside, CA, USA.,Sharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.,Scripps Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Bittersohl
- Department for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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13
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[Imaging in joint-preserving hip surgery]. Radiologe 2022; 62:271-284. [PMID: 35238995 PMCID: PMC8894169 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-022-00973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Instabilität und Impingement stellen die Hauptpathomechanismen dar, die bereits bei jungen Patienten durch erhöhten mechanischen Stress zu chondrolabralen Schäden, schmerzhafter Bewegungseinschränkung und frühzeitiger Coxarthrose führen können. Ziele der gelenkerhaltenden Chirurgie an der Hüfte sind die Korrektur der knöchernen Deformitäten und chondrolabraler Schäden sowie die Wiederherstellung der Gelenkfunktion. Voraussetzung dafür ist die Identifikation der ursächlichen Pathologien an der Hüfte, welche zudem in Kombination auftreten können. Die dezidierte Röntgen- und Magnetresonanzbildgebung der knöchernen Morphologie und der degenerativen Gelenkbinnenläsionen liefern einen essenziellen Beitrag für die Behandlungsindikation und die Behandlungsplanung. Der vorliegende Artikel soll einen kurzen Überblick über die Hüftdeformitäten mit deren Prävalenz, Pathomechanismus und indizierter Therapie sowie detaillierte Empfehlungen über die spezifische radiologische Abklärung geben.
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14
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Lerch TD, Schmaranzer F, Steppacher SD, Ziebarth K, Tannast M, Siebenrock KA. Most of patients with femoral derotation osteotomy for posterior extraarticular hip impingement and high femoral version would do surgery again. Hip Int 2022; 32:253-264. [PMID: 32866044 DOI: 10.1177/1120700020953100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess (1) hip pain and function and ROM; (2) subsequent surgeries, complications; and (3) subjective satisfaction and PROMs in patients undergoing femoral derotation osteotomies. METHODS Femoral derotation subtrochanteric osteotomies to treat symptomatic posterior extraarticular ischiofemoral hip impingement were performed in 23 patients (25 hips) between 2013 and 2017. The mean age was 26 ± 8 years (96% female) with a minimum 2-year follow-up (mean follow-up of 4 ± 1 years). Surgical indication was a positive posterior impingement test and limited external rotation (mean 16° ± 8°) in extension in patients with abnormal high femoral version (mean 46° ± 9, measured on CT scans with the Murphy method) and high McKibbin instability index (mean 67°). Femoral osteotomies were combined with a surgical hip dislocation in 96% for cam resection and labrum or cartilage treatment. Preoperative MRI and 3D-CT with dynamic impingement simulation were evaluated. RESULTS (1) The posterior impingement test decreased significantly from preoperatively 100% to 4% (p < 0.001). External rotation in extension increased significantly (p < 0.001) from preoperative 16° ± 8 to 44° ± 16°. The MdA score increased significantly from 14 ± 1 to 16 ± 2 (p < 0.001) points.(2) At follow-up, all 25 hips were preserved. No conversion to THA and no revision osteosynthesis was performed. 64% underwent complete hardware removal.(3) 80% of the patients reported at follow-up that they would undergo surgery again. Subjective satisfaction (SHV) increased significantly (p < 0.001) from preoperatively 24% to 84% postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Femoral derotation subtrochanteric osteotomies for the treatment of posterior extraarticular ischiofemoral hip impingement are safe and improve posterior hip pain and function and external rotation in mostly female patients with high femoral version and a high McKibbin instability index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kai Ziebarth
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Children`s Hospital Bern, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Entropy and distance maps-guided segmentation of articular cartilage: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2022; 17:553-560. [PMID: 34988758 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-021-02555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate segmentation of articular cartilage from MR images is crucial for quantitative investigation of pathoanatomical conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA). Recently, deep learning-based methods have made significant progress in hard tissue segmentation. However, it remains a challenge to develop accurate methods for automatic segmentation of articular cartilage. METHODS We propose a two-stage method for automatic segmentation of articular cartilage. At the first stage, nnU-Net is employed to get segmentation of both hard tissues and articular cartilage. Based on the initial segmentation, we compute distance maps as well as entropy maps, which encode the uncertainty information about the initial cartilage segmentation. At the second stage, both distance maps and entropy maps are concatenated to the original image. We then crop a sub-volume around the cartilage region based on the initial segmentation, which is used as the input to another nnU-Net for segmentation refinement. RESULTS We designed and conducted comprehensive experiments on segmenting three different types of articular cartilage from two datasets, i.e., an in-house dataset consisting of 25 hip MR images and a publicly available dataset from Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). Our method achieved an average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of [Formula: see text] for the combined hip cartilage, [Formula: see text] for the femoral cartilage and [Formula: see text] for the tibial cartilage, respectively. CONCLUSION In summary, we developed a new approach for automatic segmentation of articular cartilage from MR images. Comprehensive experiments conducted on segmenting articular cartilage of the knee and hip joints demonstrated the efficacy of the present approach. Our method achieved equivalent or better results than the state-of-the-art methods.
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16
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Steppacher SD, Meier MK, Albers CE, Tannast M, Siebenrock KA. Acetabular Cartilage Thickness Differs Among Cam, Pincer, or Mixed-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Descriptive Study Using In Vivo Ultrasonic Measurements During Surgical Hip Dislocation. Cartilage 2021; 13:465S-475S. [PMID: 33550853 PMCID: PMC8804723 DOI: 10.1177/1947603521990879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate acetabular cartilage thickness among (1) 8 measurement locations on the lunate surface and (2) different types of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). DESIGN Prospective descriptive study comparing in vivo measured acetabular cartilage thickness using a validated ultrasonic device during surgical hip dislocation in 50 hips. Measurement locations included the anterior/posterior horn and 3 locations on each peripheral and central aspect of the acetabulum. The clock system was used for orientation. Thickness was compared among cam (11 hips), pincer (8 hips), and mixed-type (31 hips) of FAI. Mean age was 31 ± 8 (range, 18-49) years. Hips with no degenerative changes were included (Tönnis stage = 0). RESULTS Acetabular cartilage thickness ranged from 1.7 mm to 2.7 mm and differed among the 8 locations (P < 0.001). Thicker cartilage was found on the peripheral aspect at 11 and 1 o'clock positions (mean of 2.4 mm and 2.7 mm, respectively). At 5 out of 8 locations of measurement (anterior and posterior horn, 1 o'clock peripheral, 12 and 2 o'clock central), cartilage thickness was thinner in hips with pincer impingement compared to cam and/or mixed-type of FAI (P ranging from <0.001 to 0.031). No difference in thickness existed between cam and mixed-type of impingement (P = 0.751). CONCLUSION Acetabular cartilage thickness varied topographically and among FAI types. This study provides first baseline information about topographical cartilage thickness in FAI measured in vivo. Thinner cartilage thickness in pincer deformities could be misinterpreted as joint degeneration and could therefore have an impact on indication for hip preserving surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Damian Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern,
Switzerland
| | - Malin Kristin Meier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern,
Switzerland,Malin Kristin Meier, Department of
Orthoapedic Surgery and Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital,
University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, Bern 3010, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph Emanuel Albers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern,
Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg,
Switzerland
| | - Klaus Arno Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern,
Switzerland
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17
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Schmaranzer F, Haefeli PC, Liechti EF, Hanke MS, Tannast M, Büchler L. Improved Cartilage Quality on Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced MRI of Hip Cartilage after Subchondral Drilling of Acetabular Cartilage Flaps in Femoroacetabular Impingement Surgery at Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up. Cartilage 2021; 13:617S-629S. [PMID: 32686503 PMCID: PMC8808901 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520941241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether subchondral drilling of acetabular cartilage flaps during femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) surgery improves (1) acetabular dGEMRIC indices and (2) morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores, compared with hips in which no additional treatment of cartilage lesions had been performed; and (3) whether global dGEMRIC indices and MRI scores correlate. DESIGN Prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with symptomatic FAI treated with open surgery between 2000 and 2007. Patients with subchondral drilling of acetabular cartilage flaps were allocated to the study group, those without drilling to the control group. All patients underwent indirect 3-T MR arthrography to assess cartilage quality by dGEMRIC indices and a semiquantitative morphologic MRI score at minimum 5 years after surgery. dGEMRIC indices and morphologic MRI scores were compared between and among groups using analysis of covariance/paired t tests. RESULTS No significant difference was found between the global dGEMRIC indices of the study group (449 ± 147 ms, 95% CI 432-466 ms) and the control group (428 ± 143 ms, 95% CI 416-442 ms; P = 0.235). In regions with cartilage flaps, the study group showed higher dGEMRIC indices (472 ± 160 ms, 95% CI 433-510 ms) compared with the control group (390 ± 122 ms, 95% CI 367-413 ms; P < 0.001). No significant differences were found for the morphologic MRI scores. A strong inversely linear correlation between the dGEMRIC indices and the morphologic MRI scores (r = -0.727, P < 0.001) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of acetabular cartilage flaps with subchondral drilling leads to better cartilage quality in regions with cartilage flaps at minimum 5 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional
and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern,
Switzerland,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
traumatology, inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland,Florian Schmaranzer, University of Bern,
Freiburgstraße, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal C. Haefeli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel F. Liechti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
traumatology, inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus S. Hanke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
traumatology, inselspital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Kantonsspital Fribourg, University of Fribourg Faculty of Science and
Medicine, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Büchler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and
Traumatology, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
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Fischer M, Walter SS, Hepp T, Zimmer M, Notohamiprodjo M, Schick F, Yang B. Automated Morphometric Analysis of the Hip Joint on MRI from the German National Cohort Study. Radiol Artif Intell 2021; 3:e200213. [PMID: 34617023 DOI: 10.1148/ryai.2021200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To develop and validate an automated morphometric analysis framework for the quantitative analysis of geometric hip joint parameters in MR images from the German National Cohort (GNC) study. Materials and Methods A secondary analysis on 40 participants (mean age, 51 years; age range, 30-67 years; 25 women) from the prospective GNC MRI study (2015-2016) was performed. Based on a proton density-weighted three-dimensional fast spin-echo sequence, a morphometric analysis approach was developed, including deep learning-based landmark localization, bone segmentation of the femora and pelvis, and a shape model for annotation transfer. The centrum-collum-diaphyseal, center-edge (CE), three alpha angles, head-neck offset (HNO), and HNO ratio along with the acetabular depth, inclination, and anteversion were derived. Quantitative validation was provided by comparison with average manual assessments of radiologists in a cross-validation format. Paired-sample t tests with a Bonferroni-corrected significance level of .005 were employed alongside mean differences and 10th/90th percentiles, median absolute deviations (MADs), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results High agreement in mean Dice similarity coefficients was achieved (average of 97.52% ± 0.46 [standard deviation]). The subsequent morphometric analysis produced results with low mean MAD values, with the highest values of 3.34° (alpha 03:00 o'clock position) and 0.87 mm (HNO) and ICC values ranging between 0.288 (HNO ratio) and 0.858 (CE) compared with manual assessments. These values were in line with interreader agreements, which at most had MAD values of 4.02° (alpha 12:00 o'clock position) and 1.07 mm (HNO) and ICC values ranging between 0.218 (HNO ratio) and 0.777 (CE). Conclusion Automatic extraction of geometric hip parameters from MRI is feasible using a morphometric analysis approach with deep learning.Keywords: Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD), Interventional-MSK, MR-Imaging, Neural Networks, Skeletal-Appendicular, Hip, Anatomy, Computer Applications-3D, Segmentation, Vision, Application Domain, Quantification Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fischer
- Institute of Signal Processing and Systems Theory, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany (M.F., M.Z., B.Y.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.S.W., T.H., M.N., F.S.); and Empirical Inference Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany (T.H.)
| | - Sven S Walter
- Institute of Signal Processing and Systems Theory, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany (M.F., M.Z., B.Y.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.S.W., T.H., M.N., F.S.); and Empirical Inference Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany (T.H.)
| | - Tobias Hepp
- Institute of Signal Processing and Systems Theory, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany (M.F., M.Z., B.Y.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.S.W., T.H., M.N., F.S.); and Empirical Inference Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany (T.H.)
| | - Manuela Zimmer
- Institute of Signal Processing and Systems Theory, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany (M.F., M.Z., B.Y.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.S.W., T.H., M.N., F.S.); and Empirical Inference Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany (T.H.)
| | - Mike Notohamiprodjo
- Institute of Signal Processing and Systems Theory, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany (M.F., M.Z., B.Y.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.S.W., T.H., M.N., F.S.); and Empirical Inference Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany (T.H.)
| | - Fritz Schick
- Institute of Signal Processing and Systems Theory, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany (M.F., M.Z., B.Y.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.S.W., T.H., M.N., F.S.); and Empirical Inference Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany (T.H.)
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Signal Processing and Systems Theory, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany (M.F., M.Z., B.Y.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Section on Experimental Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.S.W., T.H., M.N., F.S.); and Empirical Inference Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany (T.H.)
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Abstract
Preoperative evaluation of the pathomorphology is crucial for surgical planning, including radiographs as the basic modality and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and case-based additional imaging (e.g. 3D-CT, abduction views). Hip arthroscopy (HAS) has undergone tremendous technical advances, an immense increase in use and the indications are getting wider. The most common indications for revision arthroscopy are labral tears and residual femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Treatment of borderline developmental dysplastic hip is currently a subject of controversy. It is paramount to understand the underlining problem of the individual hip and distinguish instability (dysplasia) from FAI, as the appropriate treatment for unstable hips is periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) and for FAI arthroscopic impingement surgery. PAO with a concomitant cam resection is associated with a higher survival rate compared to PAO alone for the treatment of hip dysplasia. Further, the challenge for the surgeon is the balance between over- and undercorrection. Femoral torsion abnormalities should be evaluated and evaluation of femoral rotational osteotomy for these patients should be incorporated to the treatment plan.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:472-486. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210019
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Hanke
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Till D Lerch
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Malin K Meier
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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20
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Lerch TD, Zwingelstein S, Schmaranzer F, Boschung A, Hanke MS, Todorski IAS, Steppacher SD, Gerber N, Zeng G, Siebenrock KA, Tannast M. Posterior Extra-articular Ischiofemoral Impingement Can Be Caused by the Lesser and Greater Trochanter in Patients With Increased Femoral Version: Dynamic 3D CT-Based Hip Impingement Simulation of a Modified FABER Test. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967121990629. [PMID: 34104657 PMCID: PMC8167016 DOI: 10.1177/2325967121990629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Posterior extra-articular hip impingement has been described for valgus hips
with increased femoral version (FV). These patients can present clinically
with lack of external rotation (ER) and extension and with a positive
posterior impingement test. But we do not know the effect of the combination
of deformities, and the impingement location in early flexion is
unknown. Purpose: To evaluate patient-specific 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scans
of hips with increased FV and control hips for differences in range of
motion, location and prevalence of osseous posterior intra- and
extra-articular hip impingement. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Osseous 3D models based on segmentation of 3D CT scans were analyzed for 52
hips (38 symptomatic patients) with positive posterior impingement test and
increased FV (>35°). There were 26 hips with an increased McKibbin
instability index >70 (unstable hips). Patients were mainly female (96%),
with an age range of 18 to 45 years. Of them, 21 hips had isolated increased
FV (>35°); 22 hips had increased FV and increased acetabular version (AV;
>25°); and 9 valgus hips (caput-collum-diaphyseal angle >139°) had
increased FV and increased AV. The control group consisted of 20 hips with
normal FV, normal AV, and no valgus (caput-collum-diaphyseal angle
<139°). Validated 3D CT–based collision detection software for
impingement simulation was used to calculate impingement-free range of
motion and location of hip impingement. Surgical treatment was performed
after the 3D CT–based impingement simulation in 27 hips (52%). Results: Hips with increased FV had significantly (P < .001)
decreased extension and ER at 90° of flexion as compared with the control
group. Posterior impingement was extra-articular (92%) in hips with
increased FV. Valgus hips with increased FV and AV had combined intra- and
extra-articular impingement. Posterior hip impingement occurred between the
ischium and the lesser trochanter at 20° of extension and 20° of ER.
Impingement was located between the ischium and the greater trochanter or
intertrochanteric area at 20° of flexion and 40° of ER, with a modification
of the flexion-abduction-ER (FABER) test. Conclusion: Posterior extra-articular ischiofemoral hip impingement can be caused by the
lesser and greater trochanter or the intertrochanteric region. We recommend
performing the modified FABER test during clinical examination in addition
to the posterior impingement test for female patients with high FV. In
addition, 3D CT can help for surgical planning, such as femoral derotation
osteotomy and/or hip arthroscopy or resection of the lesser trochanter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Zwingelstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adam Boschung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus S Hanke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inga A S Todorski
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Gerber
- sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guodong Zeng
- sitem Center for Translational Medicine and Biomedical Entrepreneurship, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Melkus G, Beaulé PE, Wilkin G, Rakhra KS. What Is the Correlation Among dGEMRIC, T1p, and T2* Quantitative MRI Cartilage Mapping Techniques in Developmental Hip Dysplasia? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:1016-1024. [PMID: 33355837 PMCID: PMC8083801 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a validated technique for evaluating cartilage health in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), which can be a helpful prognosticator for the response to surgical treatments. dGEMRIC requires intravenous injection of gadolinium contrast, however, which adds time, expense, and possible adverse reactions to the imaging procedure. Newer MRI cartilage mapping techniques such as T1 rho (ρ) and T2* have been performed in the hip without the need for any contrast, although it is unknown whether they are equivalent to dGEMRIC. QUESTION/PURPOSE In this study, our purpose was to determine the correlation between the relaxation values of three cartilage mapping techniques, dGEMRIC, T1ρ, and T2*, in patients with DDH. METHODS Fifteen patients with DDH (three male, 12 female; mean age 29 ± 9 years) scheduled for periacetabular osteotomy underwent preoperative dGEMRIC, T1ρ, and T2* MRI at 3T with quantitative cartilage mapping. The outcomes of dGEMRIC, T1ρ, and T2* mapping were calculated for three regions of interest (ROI) to analyze the weightbearing cartilage of the hip: global ROI, anterior and posterior ROI, and further subdivided into medial, intermediate, and lateral to generate six smaller ROIs. The correlation between the respective relaxation time values was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient (rS) for each ROI, categorized as negligible, weak, moderate, strong, or very strong. The relaxation values within the subdivided ROIs were compared for each of the three cartilage mapping techniques using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS There was a moderate correlation of T1ρ and T2* relaxation values with dGEMRIC relaxation values. For the global ROI, there was a moderate correlation between dGEMRIC and T2* (moderate; rS = 0.63; p = 0.01). For the anterior ROI, a moderate or strong correlation was found between dGEMRIC and both T1ρ and T2*: dGEMRIC and T1ρ (strong; rS = -0.71; p = 0.003) and dGEMRIC and T2* (moderate; rS = 0.69; p = 0.004). There were no correlations for the posterior ROI. The mean dGEMRIC, T1ρ, and T2* relaxation values were not different between the anterior and posterior ROIs nor between the subdivided six ROIs. CONCLUSION Quantitative T1ρ and T2* cartilage mapping demonstrated a moderate correlation with dGEMRIC, anteriorly and globally, respectively. However, the clinical relevance of such a correlation remains unclear. Further research investigating the correlation of these two noncontrast techniques with clinical function and outcome scores is needed before broad implementation in the preoperative investigation of DDH. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, diagnostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Melkus
- G. Melkus, K. S. Rakhra, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- G. Melkus, K. S. Rakhra, Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- P. E. Beaulé, G. Wilkin, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- P. E. Beaulé, G. Wilkin, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paul E Beaulé
- G. Melkus, K. S. Rakhra, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- G. Melkus, K. S. Rakhra, Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- P. E. Beaulé, G. Wilkin, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- P. E. Beaulé, G. Wilkin, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Wilkin
- G. Melkus, K. S. Rakhra, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- G. Melkus, K. S. Rakhra, Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- P. E. Beaulé, G. Wilkin, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- P. E. Beaulé, G. Wilkin, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kawan S Rakhra
- G. Melkus, K. S. Rakhra, Department of Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- G. Melkus, K. S. Rakhra, Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- P. E. Beaulé, G. Wilkin, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- P. E. Beaulé, G. Wilkin, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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22
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Nakashima Y. CORR Insights®: What Mid-term Patient-reported Outcome Measure Scores, Reoperations, and Complications Are Associated with Concurrent Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy to Treat Dysplasia with Associated Intraarticular Abnormalities? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:1078-1080. [PMID: 33617157 PMCID: PMC8052021 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Nakashima
- Y. Nakashima, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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23
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Tarwala R. CORR Insights®: The New Bern Chondrolabral Classification is Reliable and Reproducible. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:1014-1015. [PMID: 33835098 PMCID: PMC8083914 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Tarwala
- R. Tarwala, Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon, Lenox Hill Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Lerch TD, Ambühl D, Schmaranzer F, Todorski IAS, Steppacher SD, Hanke MS, Haefeli PC, Liechti EF, Siebenrock KA, Tannast M. Biochemical MRI With dGEMRIC Corresponds to 3D-CT Based Impingement Location for Detection of Acetabular Cartilage Damage in FAI Patients. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967120988175. [PMID: 33816640 PMCID: PMC7988263 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120988175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anterior femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is associated with labral tears and acetabular cartilage damage in athletic and young patients. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is an imaging method for detecting early damage to cartilage. Purpose We evaluated the following questions: (1) What is the sensitivity and specificity of morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dGEMRIC for detecting cartilage damage? Do the mean acetabular and femoral dGEMRIC indices differ between (2) superior acetabular clock positions with and without impingement and (3) between cam- and pincer-type FAI? Study Design Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods This was a retrospective comparative study of 21 hips (20 patients with symptomatic anterior FAI) without osteoarthritis on anteroposterior radiographs. Morphological MRI and dGEMRIC (3.0-T, 3-dimensional [3D] T1 maps, dual-flip angle technique) of the same hip joint were compared. Intraoperative acetabular cartilage damage was assessed in patients who underwent surgical treatment. Computed tomography (CT)-based 3D bone models of the same hip joint were used as the gold standard for the detection of impingement, and dGEMRIC indices and zones of morphologic damage were compared with the CT-based impingement zones. Results Of the 21 hips, 10 had cam-type FAI and 8 had pincer-type FAI according to radiographs. The mean age was 30 ± 9 years (range, 17-48 years), 71% were female, and surgical treatment was performed in 52%. We found a significantly higher sensitivity (69%) for dGEMRIC compared with morphological MRI (42%) in the detection of cartilage damage (P < .001). The specificity of dGEMRIC was 83% and accuracy was 78%. The mean peripheral acetabular and femoral dGEMRIC indices for clock positions with impingement (485 ± 141 and 440 ± 121 ms) were significantly lower compared with clock positions without impingement (596 ± 183 and 534 ± 129 ms) (P < .001). Hips with cam-type FAI had significantly lower acetabular dGEMRIC indices compared with hips with pincer-type FAI on the anterosuperior clock positions (1 to 3 o'clock) (P = .018). Conclusion MRI with dGEMRIC was more sensitive than morphological MRI, and lower dGEMRIC values were found for clock positions with impingement as detected on 3D-CT. This could aid in patient-specific diagnosis of FAI, preoperative patient selection, and surgical decision making to identify patients with cartilage damage who are at risk for inferior outcomes after hip arthroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Ambühl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inga A S Todorski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus S Hanke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal C Haefeli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel F Liechti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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25
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Schmaranzer F, Afacan O, Lerch TD, Kim YJ, Siebenrock KA, Ith M, Cullmann JL, Kober T, Klarhoefer M, Tannast M, Bixby SD, Novais EN, Jung B. Magnetization-prepared 2 Rapid Gradient-Echo MRI for B 1 Insensitive 3D T1 Mapping of Hip Cartilage: An Experimental and Clinical Validation. Radiology 2021; 299:150-158. [PMID: 33620288 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Often used for T1 mapping of hip cartilage, three-dimensional (3D) dual-flip-angle (DFA) techniques are highly sensitive to flip angle variations related to B1 inhomogeneities. The authors hypothesized that 3D magnetization-prepared 2 rapid gradient-echo (MP2RAGE) MRI would help provide more accurate T1 mapping of hip cartilage at 3.0 T than would 3D DFA techniques. Purpose To compare 3D MP2RAGE MRI with 3D DFA techniques using two-dimensional (2D) inversion recovery T1 mapping as a standard of reference for hip cartilage T1 mapping in phantoms, healthy volunteers, and participants with hip pain. Materials and Methods T1 mapping at 3.0 T was performed in phantoms and in healthy volunteers using 3D MP2RAGE MRI and 3D DFA techniques with B1 field mapping for flip angle correction. Participants with hip pain prospectively (July 2019-January 2020) underwent indirect MR arthrography (with intravenous administration of 0.2 mmol/kg of gadoterate meglumine), including 3D MP2RAGE MRI. A 2D inversion recovery-based sequence served as a T1 reference in phantoms and in participants with hip pain. In healthy volunteers, cartilage T1 was compared between 3D MP2RAGE MRI and 3D DFA techniques. Paired t tests and Bland-Altman analysis were performed. Results Eleven phantoms, 10 healthy volunteers (median age, 27 years; range, 26-30 years; five men), and 20 participants with hip pain (mean age, 34 years ± 10 [standard deviation]; 17 women) were evaluated. In phantoms, T1 bias from 2D inversion recovery was lower for 3D MP2RAGE MRI than for 3D DFA techniques (mean, 3 msec ± 11 vs 253 msec ± 85; P < .001), and, unlike 3D DFA techniques, the deviation found with MP2RAGE MRI did not correlate with increasing B1 deviation. In healthy volunteers, regional cartilage T1 difference (109 msec ± 163; P = .008) was observed only for the 3D DFA technique. In participants with hip pain, the mean T1 bias of 3D MP2RAGE MRI from 2D inversion recovery was -23 msec ± 31 (P < .001). Conclusion Compared with three-dimensional (3D) dual-flip-angle techniques, 3D magnetization-prepared 2 rapid gradient-echo MRI enabled more accurate T1 mapping of hip cartilage, was less affected by B1 inhomogeneities, and showed high accuracy against a T1 reference in participants with hip pain. © RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schmaranzer
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Onur Afacan
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Till D Lerch
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Young-Jo Kim
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Michael Ith
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Jennifer L Cullmann
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Tobias Kober
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Markus Klarhoefer
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Moritz Tannast
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Sarah D Bixby
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Eduardo N Novais
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
| | - Bernd Jung
- From the Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology (F.S., T.D.L., M.I., J.L.C., B.J.) and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (K.A.S., M.T.), Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (F.S., Y.J.K., E.N.N.) and Radiology (O.A., S.D.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland (T.K.); Siemens Healthcare, Zürich, Switzerland (M.K.); and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland (M.T.)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Imaging plays a critical role in the assessment of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). With better understanding of the underlying pathomechanics and advances in joint-preserving surgery, there is an increasing need to define the most appropriate imaging workup. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance on best practices for imaging of patients with FAI in light of recent advances in corrective FAI surgery. CONCLUSION. Pelvic radiography with dedicated hip projections is the basis of the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected FAI to assess arthritic changes and acetabular coverage and to screen for cam deformities. Chondrolabral lesions should be evaluated with unenhanced MRI or MR arthrography. The protocol should include a large-FOV fluid-sensitive sequence to exclude conditions that can mimic or coexist with FAI, radial imaging to accurately determine the presence of a cam deformity, and imaging of the distal femoral condyles for measurement of femoral torsion. CT remains a valuable tool for planning of complex surgical corrections. Advanced imaging, such as 3D simulation, biochemical MRI, and MR arthrography with application of leg traction, has great potential to improve surgical decision-making. Further research is needed to assess the added clinical value of these techniques.
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Lerch TD, Liechti EF, Todorski IAS, Schmaranzer F, Steppacher SD, Siebenrock KA, Tannast M, Klenke FM. Prevalence of combined abnormalities of tibial and femoral torsion in patients with symptomatic hip dysplasia and femoroacetabular impingement. Bone Joint J 2020; 102-B:1636-1645. [PMID: 33249913 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.102b12.bjj-2020-0460.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The prevalence of combined abnormalities of femoral torsion (FT) and tibial torsion (TT) is unknown in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and hip dysplasia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of combined abnormalities of FT and TT, and which subgroups are associated with combined abnormalities of FT and TT. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated symptomatic patients with FAI or hip dysplasia with CT scans performed between September 2011 and September 2016. A total of 261 hips (174 patients) had a measurement of FT and TT. Their mean age was 31 years (SD 9), and 63% were female (165 hips). Patients were compared to an asymptomatic control group (48 hips, 27 patients) who had CT scans including femur and tibia available for analysis, which had been acquired for nonorthopaedic reasons. Comparisons were conducted using analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS In the overall study group, abnormal FT was present in 62% (163 hips). Abnormal TT was present in 42% (109 hips). Normal FT combined with normal TT was present in 21% (55 hips). The most frequent abnormal combination was increased FT combined with normal TT of 32% (84 hips). In the hip dysplasia group, 21% (11 hips) had increased FT combined with increased TT. The prevalence of abnormal FT varied significantly among the subgroups (p < 0.001). We found a significantly higher mean FT for hip dysplasia (31°; SD 15)° and valgus hips (42° (SD 12°)) compared with the control group (22° (SD 8°)). We found a significantly higher mean TT for hips with cam-type-FAI (34° (SD 6°)) and hip dysplasia (35° (SD 9°)) compared with the control group (28° (SD 8°)) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with FAI had a high prevalence of combined abnormalities of FT and TT. For hip dysplasia, we found a significantly higher mean FT and TT, while 21% of patients (11 hips) had combined increased TT and increased FT (combined torsional malalignment). This is important when planning hip preserving surgery such as periacetabular osteomy and femoral derotation osteotomy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(12):1636-1645.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel F Liechti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inga A S Todorski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Frank M Klenke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
Classical indications for hip preserving surgery are: femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) (intra- and extra-articular), hip dysplasia, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, residual deformities after Perthes disease, avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Pre-operative evaluation of the pathomorphology is crucial for surgical planning including radiographs as the basic modality and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or computed tomography (CT) to evaluate further intra-articular lesions and osseous deformities. Two main mechanisms of intra-articular impingement have been described:
(1) Inclusion type FAI (‘cam type’). (2) Impaction type FAI (‘pincer type’).
Either arthroscopic or open treatment can be performed depending on the severity of deformity. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis often results in a cam-like deformity of the hip. In acute cases a subcapital re-alignment (modified Dunn procedure) of the femoral epiphysis is an effective therapy. Perthes disease can lead to complex femoro-acetabular deformity which predisposes to impingement with/without joint incongruency and requires a comprehensive diagnostic workup for surgical planning. Developmental dysplasia of the hip results in a static overload of the acetabular rim and early osteoarthritis. Surgical correction by means of periacetabular osteotomy offers good long-term results.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:630-640. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190074
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Hanke
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital of Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Till D Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is one of the main causes of hip pain in young adults and poses clinical challenges which have placed it at the forefront of imaging and orthopedics. Diagnostic hip imaging has dramatically changed in the past years, with the arrival of new imaging techniques and the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This article reviews the current state-of-the-art clinical routine of individuals with suspected FAI, limitations, and future directions that show promise in the field of musculoskeletal research and are likely to reshape hip imaging in the coming years. RECENT FINDINGS The largely unknown natural disease course, especially in hips with FAI syndrome and those with asymptomatic abnormal morphologies, continues to be a problem as far as diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are concerned. There has been a paradigm shift in recent years from bone and soft tissue morphological analysis towards the tentative development of quantitative approaches, biochemical cartilage evaluation, dynamic assessment techniques and, finally, integration of artificial intelligence (AI)/deep learning systems. Imaging, AI, and hip preserving care will continue to evolve with new problems and greater challenges. The increasing number of analytic parameters describing the hip joint, as well as new sophisticated MRI and imaging analysis, have carried practitioners beyond simplistic classifications. Reliable evidence-based guidelines, beyond differentiation into pure instability or impingement, are paramount to refine the diagnostic algorithm and define treatment indications and prognosis. Nevertheless, the boundaries of morphological, functional, and AI-aided hip assessment are gradually being pushed to new frontiers as the role of musculoskeletal imaging is rapidly evolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco V Mascarenhas
- Musculoskeletal Imaging Unit, Imaging Center, Radiology Department, Hospital da Luz, Grupo Luz Saúde, Avenida Lusíada 100, 1500-650, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - António Caetano
- Radiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Rua da Beneficiência, 8, 1050-099, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Dantas
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Center, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Rua Mario Botas, 1998-018, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rego
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital da Luz, Grupo Luz Saúde, Avenida Lusiada 100, 1500-650, Lisbon, Portugal
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Lerch TD, Schmaranzer F, Hanke MS, Leibold C, Steppacher SD, Siebenrock KA, Tannast M. [Torsional deformities of the femur in patients with femoroacetabular impingement : Dynamic 3D impingement simulation can be helpful for the planning of surgical hip dislocation and hip arthroscopy]. DER ORTHOPADE 2020; 49:471-481. [PMID: 31853580 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-019-03847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torsional deformities of the femur include femoral retrotorsion and increased femoral torsion, which are possible causes for hip pain and osteoarthritis. For patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), torsional deformities of the femur represent an additional cause of FAI in addition to cam and pincer-type FAI. OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to provide an overview of measurement techniques and normal values of femoral torsion. The clinical presentation, possible combinations and surgical therapy of patients with torsional deformities of the femur will be discussed. METHODS For measurement of femoral torsion, CT or MRI represent the method of choice. The various definitions should be taken into account, because they can lead to differing values and misdiagnosis. This is the case especially for patients with high femoral torsion. Dynamic 3D impingement simulation using 3D-CT can help to differentiate between intra und extra-articular FAI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Femoral retrotorsion (< 5°) can lead to anterior intra- and extraarticular (subspine) FAI, between the anterior iliac inferior spine (AIIS) and the proximal femur. Increased femoral torsion (> 35°) can lead to posterior intra- and extra-articular ischiofemoral FAI, between the lesser/greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity. During clinical examination, a patient with femoral retrotorsion exhibits loss of internal rotation and a positive anterior impingement test. Hips with increased femoral torsion show high internal rotation if examined in prone position and have a positive FABER and posterior impingement test. During surgical therapy for patients with torsional deformities, intra and extra-articular causes for FAI in addition to cam and pincer-deformities should be considered. In addition to hip arthroscopy and surgical hip dislocation, also femoral rotational or derotational osteotomies should be evaluated during surgical planning of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Universitätsklinik für orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Freiburgstraße, 3010, Bern, Schweiz.
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Universitätsklinik für orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Freiburgstraße, 3010, Bern, Schweiz.,Universitätsinstitut für Diagnostische, Interventionelle und Pädiatrische Radiologie, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Markus S Hanke
- Universitätsklinik für orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Freiburgstraße, 3010, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Christiane Leibold
- Universitätsklinik für orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Freiburgstraße, 3010, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Universitätsklinik für orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Freiburgstraße, 3010, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Universitätsklinik für orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Freiburgstraße, 3010, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Universitätsklinik für orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Freiburgstraße, 3010, Bern, Schweiz.,Klinik für Orthopädische Chirurgie und Traumatologie, HFR Freiburg - Kantonsspital, Universität Freiburg, Chemin des Pensionnats 2-6, 1708, Freiburg, Schweiz
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CT texture analysis of acetabular subchondral bone can discriminate between normal and cam-positive hips. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:4695-4704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lerch TD, Siegfried M, Schmaranzer F, Leibold CS, Zurmühle CA, Hanke MS, Ryan MK, Steppacher SD, Siebenrock KA, Tannast M. Location of Intra- and Extra-articular Hip Impingement Is Different in Patients With Pincer-Type and Mixed-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement Due to Acetabular Retroversion or Protrusio Acetabuli on 3D CT-Based Impingement Simulation. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:661-672. [PMID: 31961701 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519897273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis and surgical treatment of hips with different types of pincer femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), such as protrusio acetabuli and acetabular retroversion, remain controversial because actual 3-dimensional (3D) acetabular coverage and location of impingement cannot be studied via standard 2-dimensional imaging. It remains unclear whether pincer hips exhibit intra- or extra-articular FAI. PURPOSE (1) To determine the 3D femoral head coverage in these subgroups of pincer FAI, (2) determine the impingement-free range of motion (ROM) through use of osseous models based on 3D-computed tomography (CT) scans, and (3) determine the osseous intra-and extra-articular 3D impingement zones by use of 3D impingement simulation. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS This is a retrospective, comparative, controlled study involving 70 hips in 50 patients. There were 24 patients (44 hips) with symptomatic pincer-type or mixed-type FAI and 26 patients (26 hips) with normal hips. Surface models based on 3D-CT scans were reconstructed and compared for hips with acetabular retroversion (30 hips), hips with protrusio acetabuli (14 hips), and normal asymptomatic hips (26 hips). Impingement-free ROM and location of impingement were determined for all hips through use of validated 3D collision detection software based on CT-based 3D models. No abnormal morphologic features of the anterior iliac inferior spine were detected. RESULTS (1) Mean total femoral head coverage was significantly (P < .001) increased in hips with protrusio acetabuli (92% ± 7%) and acetabular retroversion (71% ± 5%) compared with normal hips (66% ± 6%). (2) Mean flexion was significantly (P < .001) decreased in hips with protrusio acetabuli (104°± 9°) and acetabular retroversion (116°± 6°) compared with normal hips (125°± 13°). Mean internal rotation in 90° of flexion was significantly (P < .001) decreased in hips with protrusio acetabuli (16°± 12°) compared with normal hips (35°± 13°). (3) The prevalence of extra-articular subspine impingement was significantly (P < .001) higher in hips with acetabular retroversion (87%) compared with hips with protrusio acetabuli (14%) and normal hips (0%) and was combined with intra-articular impingement. The location of anterior impingement differed significantly (P < .001) between hips with protrusio acetabuli and normal hips. CONCLUSION Using CT-based 3D hip models, we found that hips with pincer-type and mixed-type FAI have significantly larger femoral head coverage and different osseous ROM and location of impingement compared with normal hips. Additionally, intra- and extra-articular subspine impingement was detected predominantly in hips with acetabular retroversion. Acetabular rim trimming during hip arthroscopy or open surgical hip dislocation should be performed with caution for these hips. Patient-specific analysis of location of impingement using 3D-CT could theoretically improve diagnosis and planning of surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Siegfried
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University Institute of Diagnostic, Interventional and Paediatric Radiology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane S Leibold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Corinne A Zurmühle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus S Hanke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael K Ryan
- American Sports Medicine Institute, Andrews Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Poduval M, Ghose A, Manchanda S, Bagaria V, Sinha A. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A New Disruptive Force in Orthopaedics. Indian J Orthop 2020; 54:109-122. [PMID: 32257027 PMCID: PMC7096590 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-019-00023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Orthopaedics as a surgical discipline requires a combination of good clinical acumen, good surgical skill, a reasonable physical strength and most of all, good understanding of technology. The last few decades have seen rapid adoption of new technologies into orthopaedic practice, power tools, new implants, CAD-CAM design, 3-D printing, additive manufacturing just to name a few. The new disruption in orthopaedics in the current time and era is undoubtedly the advent of artificial intelligence and robotics. As these technologies take root and innovative applications continue to be incorporated into the main-stream orthopedics, as we know it today, it is imperative to look at and understand the basics of artificial intelligence and what work is being done in the field today. This article takes the form of a loosely structured narrative review and will introduce the reader to key concepts in the field of artificial intelligence as well as some of the directions in application of the same in orthopaedics. Some of the recent work has been summarised and we present our viewpoint at the conclusion as to why we must consider artificial intelligence as a disrupting positive influence on orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Poduval
- Tata Consultancy Services, Unit 129/130, SDF V, SEEPZ, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400093 India
| | - Avik Ghose
- TCS Research and Innovation, Tata Consultancy Services, Kolkata, 700160 India
| | - Sanjeev Manchanda
- TCS Research and Innovation, Tata Consultancy Services, Unit 129/130, SEEPZ, Andheri East, Mumbai, 400096 India
| | | | - Aniruddha Sinha
- TCS Research and Innovation, Tata Consultancy Services, Kolkata, 700160 India
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Lerch TD, Boschung A, Todorski IAS, Steppacher SD, Schmaranzer F, Zheng G, Ryan MK, Siebenrock KA, Tannast M. Femoroacetabular Impingement Patients With Decreased Femoral Version Have Different Impingement Locations and Intra- and Extraarticular Anterior Subspine FAI on 3D-CT-Based Impingement Simulation: Implications for Hip Arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:3120-3132. [PMID: 31539275 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519873666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether decreased femoral version (FV) causes anterior intra- or extra-articular femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Therefore, we evaluated symptomatic hips with decreased FV, with and without cam and pincer FAI, by using computed tomography (CT)-based virtual 3-dimensional (3D) impingement simulation and compared this group with patients with normal FV and with asymptomatic hips. PURPOSE To investigate (1) the osseous range of motion, (2) the osseous femoral and acetabular impingement zones, and (3) whether hip impingement is extra- or intra-articular in symptomatic hips with FAI. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS An institutional review board-approved, retrospective comparative analysis was performed on a total of 84 hips in 68 participants. Of these, 37 hips in 24 symptomatic patients with FAI had decreased FV. These hips were compared with 21 hips of 18 symptomatic patients with anterior FAI with normal FV (10°-25°) and 26 asymptomatic hips with no FAI and normal FV. All patients with FAI were symptomatic and had anterior hip pain and a positive anterior impingement test. They underwent pelvic CT scans to measure FV. Decreased FV was defined as FV less than 5°. The 37 hips with decreased FV presented both with and without cam and pincer FAI. All 84 hips were evaluated by use of CT-based 3D models and a validated 3D range of motion and impingement simulation. Asymptomatic hips were contralateral normal hips imaged in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. RESULTS Hips with FAI combined with decreased FV had a significantly (P < .001) lower mean flexion (114°± 8° vs 125°± 13°) and internal rotation (IR) at 90° of flexion (18°± 6° vs 32°± 9°, P < .001) compared with the asymptomatic control group. Symptomatic patients with FAI and normal FV had flexion of 120°± 16° and IR at 90° of flexion of 23°± 15°. In a subgroup analysis, we found a significantly (P < .001) lower IR in 90° of flexion in hips with FV less than 5° combined with mixed-type FAI compared with hips with FV less than 5° without a cam- or pincer-type deformity. The maximal acetabular impingement zone for hips with decreased FV was located at the 2-o'clock position and ranged from 1 to 3 o'clock. In hips with decreased FV, most of the impingement locations were intra-articular but 32% of hips had combined intra- and extra-articular FAI in internal rotation in 90° of flexion. During the flexion-adduction-IR test performed in 10° and 20° of adduction, extra-articular subspine FAI had significantly (P < .001) higher prevalence (68% and 84%) in hips with decreased FV compared with normal hips. CONCLUSION Hips with FAI and decreased FV had less flexion and internal rotation in 90° of flexion compared with the asymptomatic control group. The majority of hip impingement due to low FV was intra-articular, but one-third of samples had combined intra- and extra-articular subspine FAI. Anterior extra- and intra-articular hip impingement can be present in patients who have FAI with decreased FV. This could be important for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adam Boschung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inga A S Todorski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon D Steppacher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guoyan Zheng
- ISTB, Institute for Surgical Techniques and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael K Ryan
- American Sports Medicine Institute, Andrews Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Lerch TD, Degonda C, Schmaranzer F, Todorski I, Cullmann-Bastian J, Zheng G, Siebenrock KA, Tannast M. Patient-Specific 3-D Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Dynamic Simulation of Hip Impingement and Range of Motion Can Replace 3-D Computed Tomography-Based Simulation for Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement: Implications for Planning Open Hip Preservation Surgery and Hip Arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:2966-2977. [PMID: 31486679 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519869681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a complex 3-dimensional (3D) hip abnormality that can cause hip pain and osteoarthritis in young and active patients of childbearing age. Imaging is static and based on 2-dimensional radiographs or computed tomography (CT) scans. Recently, CT-based 3D impingement simulation was introduced for patient-specific assessments of hip deformities, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a radiation-free alternative for surgical planning before hip arthroscopic surgery. PURPOSE To (1) investigate the difference between 3D models of the hip, (2) correlate the location of hip impingement and range of motion (ROM), and (3) correlate diagnostic parameters while comparing CT- and MRI-based osseous 3D models of the hip in symptomatic patients with FAI. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS The authors performed an institutional review board-approved comparative and retrospective study of 31 hips in 26 symptomatic patients with FAI. We compared CT- and MRI-based osseous 3D models of the hip in the same patients. 3D CT scans (slice thickness, 1 mm) of the entire pelvis and the distal femoral condyles were obtained. Preoperative MRI of the hip was performed including an axial-oblique T1 VIBE sequence (slice thickness, 1 mm) and 2 axial anisotropic (1.2 × 1.2 × 1 mm) T1 VIBE Dixon sequences of the entire pelvis and the distal femoral condyles. Threshold-based semiautomatic reconstruction of 3D models was performed using commercial software. CT- and MRI-based 3D models were compared with specifically developed software. RESULTS (1) The difference between MRI- and CT-based 3D models was less than 1 mm for the proximal femur and the acetabulum (median surface distance, 0.4 ± 0.1 mm and 0.4 ± 0.2 mm, respectively). (2) The correlation for ROM values was excellent (r = 0.99, P < .001) between CT and MRI. The mean absolute difference for flexion and extension was 1.9°± 1.5° and 2.6°± 1.9°, respectively. The location of impingement did not differ between CT- and MRI-based 3D ROM analysis in all 12 of 12 acetabular and 11 of 12 femoral clock-face positions. (3) The correlation for 6 diagnostic parameters was excellent (r = 0.98, P < .001) between CT and MRI. The mean absolute difference for inclination and anteversion was 2.0°± 1.8° and 1.0°± 0.8°, respectively. CONCLUSION Patient-specific and radiation-free MRI-based dynamic 3D simulation of hip impingement and ROM can replace CT-based 3D simulation for patients with FAI of childbearing age. On the basis of these excellent results, we intend to change our clinical practice, and we will use MRI-based 3D models for future clinical practice instead of CT-based 3D models. This allows radiation-free and patient-specific preoperative 3D impingement simulation for surgical planning and simulation of open hip preservation surgery and hip arthroscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till D Lerch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Celia Degonda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schmaranzer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inga Todorski
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Guoyan Zheng
- Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus A Siebenrock
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Tannast
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Jayakumar P, Moore MLG, Bozic KJ. Value-based Healthcare: Can Artificial Intelligence Provide Value in Orthopaedic Surgery? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2019; 477:1777-1780. [PMID: 31335596 PMCID: PMC7000015 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Jayakumar
- P. Jayakumar, UK Harkness Fellow in Health Care Policy and Practice Innovation, Value Institute for Health and Care/Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA. M. L. G. Moore, Value Based Care Fellow, Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA K. J. Bozic, Chair, Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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