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Bekele TH, Trijsburg L, Brouwer ID, de Vries JH, Covic N, Kennedy G, Alemayehu D, Feskens EJ. Dietary Recommendations for Ethiopians on the Basis of Priority Diet-Related Diseases and Causes of Death in Ethiopia: An Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:895-913. [PMID: 37182739 PMCID: PMC10334157 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) need to be evidence-based. As part of the development of Ethiopian FBDG, we conducted an umbrella review to develop dietary recommendations. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), deficiencies of vitamin A, zinc, calcium, or folate, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected as a priority. Systematic reviews were eligible if they investigated the impact of foods, food groups, diet, or dietary patterns on priority diseases. After a search, 1513 articles were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar published from January 2014 to December 2021. The results showed that 19 out of 164 systematic reviews reported the impact of diet on PEM or micronutrient deficiencies. Daily 30-90 g whole-grain consumption reduces risk of CVD and T2DM. Pulses improve protein status, and consuming 50-150 g/d is associated with a reduced incidence of CVD and T2DM. Nuts are a good source of minerals, and consuming 15-35 g/d improves antioxidant status and is inversely associated with CVD risk. A daily intake of 200-300 mL of milk and dairy foods is a good source of calcium and contributes to bone mineral density. Limiting processed meat intake to <50 g/d reduces CVD risk. Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins A and C. CVD and T2DM risks are reduced by consuming 200-300 g of vegetables plus fruits daily. Daily sugar consumption should be below 10% of total energy to lower risk of obesity, CVD, and T2DM. Plant-based fat has favorable nutrient profiles and modest saturated fat content. The association of saturated fatty acids with CVD and T2DM is inconclusive, but intake should be limited because of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-raising effect. Plant-based diets lower risk of CVD and T2DM but reduce micronutrient bioavailability. The review concludes with 9 key dietary recommendations proposed to be implemented in the Ethiopian FBDG. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019125490).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Hailu Bekele
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Trijsburg
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Hm de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Namukolo Covic
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gina Kennedy
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dawit Alemayehu
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Edith Jm Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Mesas AE, Garrido-Miguel M, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Fernández-Franco S, Lugones-Sánchez C, García-Ortiz L, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. The association of egg consumption with blood pressure levels and glycated hemoglobin in Spanish adults according to body mass index. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17465. [PMID: 36261679 PMCID: PMC9582218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of egg consumption with blood pressure (BP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). In addition, it was assessed whether this association changes according to body weight status. This cross-sectional study is based on multicenter data from Spanish adult participants in the EVIDENT II trial. Egg consumption was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and data on BP and HbA1c were collected using standardized procedures. Linear regression and ANCOVA models adjusted for the main confounders were performed. The analyses were stratified by body weight status. A total of 668 participants were analyzed (mean age 52.4 ± 11.8 years, 62.3% women). Compared with lower consumption, higher egg consumption was associated with lower systolic (ß = - 6.15 ± 1.74; p-for-trend = 0.017), diastolic (ß = - 4.41 ± 1.03; p-for-trend = 0.002), and mean arterial pressure (ß = - 4.99 ± 1.17; p-for-trend = 0.003) and with lower HbA1c (ß = - 0.19 ± 0.06; p-for-trend = 0.019) levels. These associations lost statistical significance in the adjusted analyses. The results did not vary by body weight status. In conclusion, consumption of up to 1 egg per day is not associated with BP or HbA1c, even in overweight or obese individuals. Our findings suggested that this frequency of egg consumption is safe as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle for cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Eumann Mesas
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain ,grid.411400.00000 0001 2193 3537Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain ,grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, C/ Campus Universitario , s/n (Edificio Benjamín Palencia), 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Lugones-Sánchez
- grid.452531.4Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACyL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- grid.452531.4Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL), Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Salamanca, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACyL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain ,grid.11762.330000 0001 2180 1817Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain ,RedIAPP: Red Española de Investigación Para Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- grid.8048.40000 0001 2194 2329Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain ,RedIAPP: Red Española de Investigación Para Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud en Atención Primaria, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.441837.d0000 0001 0765 9762Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 1101 Talca, Chile
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Hahn J, Dehghan M, Drouin-Chartier JP, Mentz RJ, Jneid H, Virani SS, Tang WHW, Krittanawong C. Egg Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: a Critical Review. CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40138-021-00225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sugano M, Matsuoka R. Nutritional Viewpoints on Eggs and Cholesterol. Foods 2021; 10:494. [PMID: 33669005 PMCID: PMC7996514 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most current epidemiologic studies indicate no significant association between consuming one egg daily and blood cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk, arguments still persist with a positive association. Since the diet is one of the most influential factors for this association, we illustrate characteristic features in Japanese people whose dietary pattern is distinct from that, for example, the US (United States) population. Available epidemiologic studies in healthy Japanese people show no association between consumption of one egg daily and blood cholesterol level, consistent with those observed in the US population. However, when consumption of major nutrients and food sources of cholesterol are compared to the US population, Japanese people may have an extra-reserve against the influence of eggs on cardiovascular risk markers, despite consuming relatively more eggs. Further discussion on the influence of nutrients contained in the egg and dietary pattern, including interaction with gut microbes, is necessary. In addition, special consideration at the personalized level is needed for judgment regarding dietary cholesterol not only for hypercholesterolemic patients but for hyper-responsive healthy persons. Although randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are required to evaluate the association between consumption of eggs and human health, available information, at least from the nutritional viewpoint, suggests that egg is a healthy and cost-efficient food worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Sugano
- Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan;
- Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
- Japan Egg Science Society, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
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