Cutaneous Epithelioid Osteoblastoma

Benign Bone-Forming Tumors

Benign bone-forming tumors comprise osteomas, osteoid osteomas, and osteoblastomas. Osteomas affect a wide age range and are usually discovered incidentally. They occur predominantly in the craniofacial skeleton and are classically composed of compact bone. Osteoid osteomas and osteoblastomas are painful lesions occurring in young patients. They are morphologically similar and characterized by FOS gene rearrangement and c-FOS expression at a protein level. Osteoid osteomas are usually smaller than 2 cm in maximum dimension with limited growth potential; osteoblastomas are larger than 2 cm and may be locally aggressive. Histologically both are composed of anastomosing trabeculae of woven bone.

Adverse effects related to tattoos in the community setting: a systematic review

BACKGROUND

Tattoos were historically associated with deviant behaviours or religious and other social purposes, but in the last decades, they have gained increasing popularity and have become a mainstream. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the literature evidence about decorative tattoos complications, considering both infective and non-infective risks.

METHODS

This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. We searched the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (science and social science citation index).

RESULTS

The literature search resulted in 6473 studies. A total of 207 full articles were considered potentially relevant and were reviewed independently by researchers. After full-text evaluation, 152 of 207 articles were excluded, as they did not meet selection criteria. The remaining 55 studies were included in the systematic review and their quality assessment was performed. Ten studies reported microbiological complications, 37 reported non-microbiological effects and eight reported either microbiological and non-microbiological complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Several well-known and uncommon risks are associated with tattooing and tattoo after-care. Public health authorities could take into account health education programmes for tattooists and customers in order to prevent health complications in people with tattoos.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER

CRD42020177972.