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Lazar I, Fabre B, Feng Y, Khateb A, Turko P, Martinez Gomez JM, Frederick DT, Levesque MP, Feld L, Zhang G, Zhang T, James B, Shklover J, Avitan-Hersh E, Livneh I, Scortegagna M, Brown K, Larsson O, Topisirovic I, Wolfenson H, Herlyn M, Flaherty K, Dummer R, Ronai ZA. SPANX Control of Lamin A/C Modulates Nuclear Architecture and Promotes Melanoma Growth. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1560-1573. [PMID: 32571981 PMCID: PMC7541784 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms regulating nuclear organization control fundamental cellular processes, including the cell and chromatin organization. Their disorganization, including aberrant nuclear architecture, has been often implicated in cellular transformation. Here, we identify Lamin A, among proteins essential for nuclear architecture, as SPANX (sperm protein associated with the nucleus on the X chromosome), a cancer testis antigen previously linked to invasive tumor phenotypes, interacting protein in melanoma. SPANX interaction with Lamin A was mapped to the immunoglobulin fold-like domain, a region critical for Lamin A function, which is often mutated in laminopathies. SPANX downregulation in melanoma cell lines perturbed nuclear organization, decreased cell viability, and promoted senescence-associated phenotypes. Moreover, SPANX knockdown (KD) in melanoma cells promoted proliferation arrest, a phenotype mediated in part by IRF3/IL1A signaling. SPANX KD in melanoma cells also prompted the secretion of IL1A, which attenuated the proliferation of naïve melanoma cells. Identification of SPANX as a nuclear architecture complex component provides an unexpected insight into the regulation of Lamin A and its importance in melanoma. IMPLICATIONS: SPANX, a testis protein, interacts with LMNA and controls nuclear architecture and melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikrame Lazar
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yongmei Feng
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ali Khateb
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Patrick Turko
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lea Feld
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gao Zhang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brian James
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeny Shklover
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Emily Avitan-Hersh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ido Livneh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marzia Scortegagna
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Kevin Brown
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Departments of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Haguy Wolfenson
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Keith Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
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Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Protein Expression in Normal Pancreas and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2020; 2020:2717150. [PMID: 32850156 PMCID: PMC7436278 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2717150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a most frequent cancer in Europe, and the majority of cases of cancer of the pancreas are diagnosed above the age of 65. Radical surgery is the first curative treatment of pancreatic cancer, and alternative or combined therapeutic options, in particular, consist of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy. Many factors, including diet and genetics, have been implicated in the development of cancer of the pancreas. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) protein is required for translocation of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from the mitochondria to the nucleus. It is involved in programmed cell death processes. Different PARP-1 gene expression proteins have been observed in various tumors such as lung, ovarian, endometrial, skin, and glioblastoma. We evaluated the expression of PARP-1 protein in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and normal pancreas tissues by immunohistochemistry. Protein PARP-1 in the nucleus was found in all samples (normal pancreas and pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues). No cytoplasmic staining was observed in any sample. PARP-1-positive cells resulted higher in the normal pancreas compared with the pancreas with adenocarcinoma. PARP-1 overexpression in prostate cancer tissue compared with normal prostate suggests a greater activity of PARP-1 in these tumors. These findings suggest that PARP-1 expression in prostate cancer is an attempt to trigger apoptosis in this type of tumor, similarl to that reported in other cancers. This finding suggests that PARP-1-mediated cell death pathways are inhibited in this cancer.
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Yang X, Sun J, Han J, Sun L, Wang H, Zhang D, Fang Q, Liu J, Qiao H. Iodine promotes thyroid cancer development via SPANXA1 through the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:637-644. [PMID: 31289536 PMCID: PMC6546993 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of iodine on the development of thyroid cancer cells and to detect the underlying mechanisms. It was observed that proliferation was promoted and apoptosis was inhibited in cells treated with iodine at a specific concentration. This treatment group was then selected for further analysis, to investigate how iodine affects the development of thyroid cancer cells. It was reported that sperm protein associated with the nucleus, X-linked, family member A1 (SPANXA1) expression in iodine-treated cells was significantly upregulated. Furthermore, downregulation of SPANXA1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis. These results suggested that SPANXA1 played an important role in iodine-treated thyroid cancer cells. Novel associations between SPANXA1 and thyroid cancer were described in the current study. In addition, SPANXA1 gene silencing resulted in the downregulation of PI3K and phosphorylated (p)AKT expression in iodine-treated thyroid cancer cells, whereas iodine treatment alone resulted in upregulated PI3K and p-AKT expression. Inhibiting PI3K further suppressed cell proliferation and contributed to apoptosis, even in the presence of SPANXA1 at high levels. As a consequence, PI3K/AKT may be one of the key signalling pathways by which iodine promotes thyroid cancer development in association with SPANXA1. In addition, our results further suggested that patients with thyroid cancer may need to avoid high-iodine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China.,Department of Science and Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150036, P.R. China
| | - Jingxue Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Dexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Qingxiao Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jiapeng Liu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Salvatorelli L, Puzzo L, Russo A, Reibaldi M, Longo A, Ragusa M, Aldo C, Rappazzo G, Caltabiano R, Salemi M. Immunoexpression of SPANX-C in metastatic uveal melanoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152431. [PMID: 31072624 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is a rare disease but it is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults with poor late prognosis. About 50% of patients will develop liver metastasis far from the enucleation within 10-15 years. Our study examined SPANX-C expression levels in primary uveal melanoma both with and without metastasis to assess if they can be used to predict metastasis. This study included a total of 55 patients, 28 males and 27 females, with uveal melanoma. A significantly high expression of SPANX-C was seen in 19/23 (82.6%) patients with metastasis, and only in 11/32 (38.5%) patients without metastasis. In conclusion, we found that SPANX-C expression could play a role in tumor progression of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Salvatorelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Anatomic Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Lidia Puzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Anatomic Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Molecular, Genome and Complex Systems BioMedicine Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Calogero Aldo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Rappazzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences, Geological and Environmental, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Anatomic Pathology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Salemi
- Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, Italy
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Germ cell proteins in melanoma: prognosis, diagnosis, treatment, and theories on expression. J Skin Cancer 2012; 2012:621968. [PMID: 23209909 PMCID: PMC3503391 DOI: 10.1155/2012/621968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cell protein expression in melanoma has been shown to correlate with malignancy, severity of disease and to serve as an immunologic target for therapy. However, very little is known about the role that germ cell proteins play in cancer development. Unique germ cell pathways include those involved in immortalization, genetic evolution, and energy metabolism. There is an ever increasing recognition that within tumors there is a subpopulation of cells with stem-cell-like characteristics that play a role in driving tumorgenesis. Stem cell and germ cell biology is intertwined. Given the enormous potential and known expression of germ cell proteins in melanoma, it is possible that they represent a largely untapped resource that may play a fundamental role in tumor development and progression. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the current value of germ cell protein expression in melanoma diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, as well as to review critical germ cell pathways and discuss the potential roles these pathways may play in malignant transformation.
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Salemi M, Calogero AE, Zaccarello G, Castiglione R, Cosentino A, Campagna C, Vicari E, Rappazzo G. Expression of SPANX proteins in normal prostatic tissue and in prostate cancer. Eur J Histochem 2011; 54:e41. [PMID: 20839415 PMCID: PMC3167315 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2010.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sperm protein associated with the nucleus in the X chromosome (SPANX) gene family encodes for proteins that are not only expressed in germ cells, but also in a number of tumors. In addition, SPANX genes map in an interval of the X chromosome (namely, Xq27), which has been found to be associated with familial prostate cancer by linkage analysis. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate SPANX protein expression in normal prostate tissues and in prostate carcinoma. For this purpose, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections obtained from 15 normal (at autopsy) donors and 12 men with prostate cancer were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. About 40% of both normal and tumor prostate samples resulted SPANX positive. Signals were exclusively within the nucleus in normal prostate cells, whereas both nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity was observed in tumor cells. In conclusion, these findings showed that SPANX genes are expressed in both normal and tumor prostate gland, but the latter showed a peculiar cytoplasmic staining positivity. This suggests a possible association between SPANX over expression and prostate cancer development. Additional studies are needed to corroborate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salemi
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Policlinico G. Rodolico, via S. Sofia 78, Catania, Italy.
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