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Pérez JC, Salgado AC, Pérez-Mies B, Rullán JAD, Ajuria-Illarramendi O, Alia EMG, Serrano Domingo JJ. Extramammary Paget Disease: a Therapeutic Challenge, for a Rare Entity. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:1081-1094. [PMID: 37421583 PMCID: PMC10556167 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare entity which is more frequently localized at the vulva, though it only accounts for 1-2% of vulvar neoplasms. It is a primary cutaneous adenocarcinoma whose cell of origin is still a matter of controversy: it can either arise from apocrine/eccrine glands or from stem cells. The diagnosis demands a biopsy and entails a histopathological analysis by which cells show similar characteristics as breast Paget disease. RECENT FINDINGS Treatment approach can entail surgery, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy, systemic chemotherapy, and topical chemotherapy. For metastatic disease, many different chemotherapy regimens have been explored and even targeted therapy can play an important role in this disease. Since almost 30-40% of patients overexpress HER-2, trastuzumab and anti-HER-2 therapies can be employed in this setting. Due to its low incidence, there is almost no specific evidence on therapeutic interventions for this disease. Thus, there is a neat unmet need for molecular characterization of EMPD and diagnostic tools that allow clinicians to guide treatment both in the early and in the advanced disease settings. In this review, we aim to summarize available evidence about diagnosis and treatment of EMPD, both localized and metastatic, and to provide a comprehensive analysis that may help clinicians for therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Chamorro Pérez
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, CP Spain
| | - Alfonso Cortes Salgado
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, CP Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Mies
- Pathology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, CP Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Domínguez Rullán
- Radiation Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, CP Spain
| | - Odile Ajuria-Illarramendi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, CP Spain
| | - Eva María Guerra Alia
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, CP Spain
| | - Juan José Serrano Domingo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo, Km 9.100, 28034 Madrid, CP Spain
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Hormonal Environment and HER2 Status in Extra-Mammary Paget's Disease (eMPD): A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis with Clinical Considerations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121040. [PMID: 33287150 PMCID: PMC7761697 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Extra-mammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is a rare neoplasm of epithelial origin, whose precise incidence is not clear. Starting from what is already known, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate in male and female patients the immunohistochemical expression of biological markers that could serve as potential prognostic/therapeutic factors, including only human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and Androgen Receptor (AR). Methods. A literature search was performed of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for English-language studies published from January 2000 to June 2020. Results. A total of 27 studies with 713 patients assessed the role of HER2/neu, AR, ER, and PR expression in male and female with EMPD. The overall rate of HER2/neu expression was 30%, the expression’s rate for ER and AR was 13% and 40%, respectively, and the overall rate for PR was 8%. The subgroup analysis revealed that there is a different expression of molecular markers between male and female patients. Conclusions. This study revealed that AR status and HER2/neu overexpression/amplification have been shown as two fundamental pathogenetic pathways in both female and male patients affected by EMPD.
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Lu X, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Ye D. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplification as a biomarker for treatment in patients with lymph node-metastatic penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2677-2686. [PMID: 30854041 PMCID: PMC6365939 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification as a biomarker for treatment in patients with lymph node (LN)-metastatic penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) was investigated in the present study. A total of 11 male patients with LN-metastatic penoscrotal EMPD were retrospectively reviewed. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was conducted prior to surgery. Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization were used to evaluate HER2 gene amplification in LN samples. Sanger sequencing was used to investigate HER2 mutations. A literature review of the prevalence of HER2 amplification in EMPD and the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy was also undertaken. PET/CT is effective in detecting metastatic sites. The sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT was 90.9 and 100.0% for inguinal LNs, and 85.7 and 80.0% for pelvic LNs, respectively. The median time from LN dissection to disease progression was 15.9±1.5 months. Of the 11 patients, 3 (27.3%) indicated HER2 amplification. Patients with HER2 amplification showed shorter median times from disease discovery to LN metastasis (HER2 amplification vs HER2 non-amplification; 15.6 vs. 10.0 months; P=0.50) and from LN dissection to disease progression (HER2 amplification vs. HER2 non-amplification, 16.2 vs. 13.6 months; P=0.11). However, the aforementioned observations were not indicated to be statistically significant. No HER2 mutations were identified. Trastuzumab, a HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody, was administered to 2 of the patients with HER2 amplification. A literature review of the prevalence of HER2 amplification in EMPD and the efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy showed similar results. Altogether, 485 cases of EMPD were reported, 35 of which had metastases. The results in the present study suggest that PET/CT should be used on all metastatic EMPD patients. EMPD may be effectively treated with trastuzumab. The present study and case reports from the literature provide evidence for the benefit of testing for HER2 amplification in this rare disease and highlight the requirement for a multicenter clinical trial to assess the impact of trastuzumab therapy in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Lu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Hsieh GL, English DP, Tu P, Folkins AK, Karam AK. Case of Metastatic Extramammary Paget Disease of the Vulva Treated Successfully With Trastuzumab Emtansine. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2:1-8. [DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian L. Hsieh
- All authors: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA
| | - Diana P. English
- All authors: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA
| | - Powen Tu
- All authors: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA
| | - Ann K. Folkins
- All authors: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA
| | - Amer K. Karam
- All authors: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA
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Shen K, Luo H, Hu J, Xie Z. Perianal Paget disease treated with wide excision and thigh skin flap reconstruction: a case report and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11638. [PMID: 30045309 PMCID: PMC6078644 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Extramammary Peget disease (EMPD) is a rare tumor, which typically occurs in the perianal regions. Perianal Paget disease (PPD) was first reported in 1893, and which has only 180 cases that have been reported in literature. The rarity of the disease means that no large studies have been made, and so the optimal treatment for this disease still remains controversial. PATIENT CONCERNS In this case, we reported a 65-years-old female patient with PPD. The patient suffered intermittent pruritus in the perianal region for 1 year. She had neither genitourinary nor gastrointestinal symptoms. Local examination revealed a whitish gray skin lesion in the left perianal area with a 3 × 3 cm size. DIAGNOSES The perianal skin biopsy was consistent with EMPD. Then the patient underwent a screening colonoscopy, gynecological ultrasonography, and whole-body computed tomography to exclude underlying malignancy. INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent wide local excision with margin control by frozen section examination and posterior thigh flap reconstruction. Subsequently follow-up remains 6 years. OUTCOMES The operation was successful. The total operation time was 296 minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 120 mL. The patient recovered without any complication and discharged home on the sixth postoperative day. After 6 years' follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence and no influence in the anal bowel control function. LESSONS PPD is a rare disorder; the current knowledge on diagnose and treatment is based on small case series. Thus, it is complicated to elaborate a consensus on diagnostic and treatment guidelines. Wide local excision remains the treatment of choice with a variety of adjuvant therapies. Our method has an advantage which is the posterior thigh flap could be designed in accordance with the defect of the perianal. It is mandatory that the patient must accept a long-term follow-up to detect local recurrence and to distant carcinoma.
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Park YY, Kim M, Cheong C, Kim SK, Song SY, Chung KY, Kim NK. Perianal Paget disease: a report of 2 cases. Ann Surg Treat Res 2017; 93:336-341. [PMID: 29250514 PMCID: PMC5729129 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2017.93.6.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm. Perianal Paget disease (PPD) is a subset of EMPD manifesting perianal lesions. Two cases of PPD in Severance Hospital are described in this article. A 65-year-old female and 78-year-old male patients visited our institution because of an unhealed perianal skin lesion despite treatment for a long period with topical agents. PPD was diagnosed by skin biopsies in both cases, and the patients underwent surgical treatment. Clinical manifestations, preoperative work-ups, and surgical treatments including different reconstruction methods are described in detail. As only sporadic PPD cases have been reported and no standard treatment has been established, we hope that our experience could contribute to improving the diagnosis and treatment of PPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Young Park
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Colorectal Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonsik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chinock Cheong
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Colorectal Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yong Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Yang Chung
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kim
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Colorectal Cancer Clinic, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jumper N, Hodgkinson T, Paus R, Bayat A. Site-specific gene expression profiling as a novel strategy for unravelling keloid disease pathobiology. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172955. [PMID: 28257480 PMCID: PMC5336271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keloid disease (KD) is a fibroproliferative cutaneous tumour characterised by heterogeneity, excess collagen deposition and aggressive local invasion. Lack of a validated animal model and resistance to a multitude of current therapies has resulted in unsatisfactory clinical outcomes of KD management. In order to address KD from a new perspective, we applied for the first time a site-specific in situ microdissection and gene expression profiling approach, through combined laser capture microdissection and transcriptomic array. The aim here was to analyse the utility of this approach compared with established methods of investigation, including whole tissue biopsy and monolayer cell culture techniques. This study was designed to approach KD from a hypothesis-free and compartment-specific angle, using state-of-the-art microdissection and gene expression profiling technology. We sought to characterise expression differences between specific keloid lesional sites and elucidate potential contributions of significantly dysregulated genes to mechanisms underlying keloid pathobiology, thus informing future explorative research into KD. Here, we highlight the advantages of our in situ microdissection strategy in generating expression data with improved sensitivity and accuracy over traditional methods. This methodological approach supports an active role for the epidermis in the pathogenesis of KD through identification of genes and upstream regulators implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammation and immune modulation. We describe dermal expression patterns crucial to collagen deposition that are associated with TGFβ-mediated signalling, which have not previously been examined in KD. Additionally, this study supports the previously proposed presence of a cancer-like stem cell population in KD and explores the possible contribution of gene dysregulation to the resistance of KD to conventional therapy. Through this innovative in situ microdissection gene profiling approach, we provide better-defined gene signatures of distinct KD regions, thereby addressing KD heterogeneity, facilitating differential diagnosis with other cutaneous fibroses via transcriptional fingerprinting, and highlighting key areas for future KD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Jumper
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - T. Hodgkinson
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, University of Manchester, and MAHSC, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - R. Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and MAHSC, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - A. Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and MAHSC, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Chen Q, Yang XD, Zhou C. Anorectal tubular-villous adenocarcinoma with perianal Paget's disease: A case report and literature review. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:3215-3218. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i20.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perianal Paget's disease (PPD) is a kind of rare intraepithelial carcinoma that is easily misdiagnosed due to atypical clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of PPD relies mainly on pathological examination by recognizing the presence of Paget's cells. Here we report a case of anorectal tubular-villous adenocarcinoma with PPD, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical method after extended local excision via the anus. In order to enhance clinicians' awareness of this rare disease and improve its diagnosis and treatment, we performed a literature review to discuss the histogenesis, clinical features, pathological characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of PPD.
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Mariani M, Karki R, Spennato M, Pandya D, He S, Andreoli M, Fiedler P, Ferlini C. Class III β-tubulin in normal and cancer tissues. Gene 2015; 563:109-14. [PMID: 25839941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are polymeric structures composed of tubulin subunits. Each subunit consists of a heterodimer of α- and β-tubulin. At least seven β-tubulin isotypes, or classes, have been identified in human cells, and constitutive isotype expression appears to be tissue specific. Class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin) expression is normally confined to testes and tissues derived from neural cristae. However, its expression can be induced in other tissues, both normal and neoplastic, subjected to a toxic microenvironment characterized by hypoxia and poor nutrient supply. In this review, we will summarize the mechanisms underlying βIII-tubulin constitutive and induced expression. We will also illustrate its capacity to serve as a biomarker of neural commitment in normal tissues and as a pure prognostic biomarker in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roshan Karki
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA
| | | | - Deep Pandya
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA
| | - Shiquan He
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA
| | | | - Paul Fiedler
- Danbury Hospital Research Institute, Danbury, CT, USA
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Kim CW, Kim YH, Cho MS, Min BS, Baik SH, Kim NK. Perianal Paget's Disease. Ann Coloproctol 2014; 30:241-4. [PMID: 25360433 PMCID: PMC4213942 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2014.30.5.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is very low. An 84-year-old Korean man was treated with topical and oral medications at a local dermatologic clinic for a year, but the symptoms did not improve. He visited Severance Hospital and underwent a perianal skin biopsy and was finally diagnosed with EMPD. The authors performed a wide local excision according to a 1-cm margin around the lesion. For the skin and the soft tissue defects, bilateral inferior gluteal artery perforator flap transpositions were performed. The size of the lesion was 14 cm2 × 9 cm2, and the lateral and the basal margins were all disease free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Woo Kim
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Soo Cho
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Soh Min
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyuk Baik
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kim
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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English DP, Roque DM, Santin AD. HER2 expression beyond breast cancer: therapeutic implications for gynecologic malignancies. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 17:85-99. [PMID: 23529353 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HER2 or ErbB2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor family and is overexpressed in subsets of breast, ovarian, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers. HER2 regulates signaling through several pathways (Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways) associated with cell survival and proliferation. HER2-overexpressed and/or gene-amplified tumors are generally regarded as biologically aggressive neoplasms. In breast, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, there have been several studies linking the amplification of the c-erbB2 gene with chemoresistance and overall poor survival. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies targeting HER2 hold promise for patients harboring these aggressive neoplasms. Trastuzumab combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy agents or conjugated with radioactive isotopes is currently being investigated in clinical trials of several tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana P English
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, LSOG 305, P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA
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Tanaka R, Sasajima Y, Tsuda H, Namikawa K, Tsutsumida A, Otsuka F, Yamazaki N. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein overexpression and gene amplification in extramammary Paget disease. Br J Dermatol 2013; 168:1259-66. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Enfermedad de Paget extramamaria con afectación de la región fronto-temporal. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Córdoba A, Iglesias ME, Rodríguez I, Yanguas JI. Extramammary paget disease with frontotemporal involvement: a case report and review of the literature. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2013; 104:355-7. [PMID: 23567449 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Karki R, Mariani M, Andreoli M, He S, Scambia G, Shahabi S, Ferlini C. βIII-Tubulin: biomarker of taxane resistance or drug target? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:461-72. [PMID: 23379899 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.766170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION βIII-Tubulin (TUBB3) is predominantly expressed in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, while in normal non-neoplastic tissues it is barely detectable. By contrast, this cytoskeletal protein is abundant in a wide range of tumors. βIII-Tubulin is linked to dynamic instability of microtubules (MTs), weakening the effects of agents interfering with MT polymerization. Based on this principle, early studies introduced the classical theory linking βIII-tubulin with a mechanism of counteracting taxane activity and accordingly, prompted its investigation as a predictive biomarker of taxane resistance. AREAS COVERED We reviewed 59 translational studies, including cohorts from lung, ovarian, breast, gastric, colorectal and various miscellaneous cancers subject to different chemotherapy regimens. EXPERT OPINION βIII-Tubulin functions more as a prognostic factor than as a predictor of response to chemotherapy. We believe this view can be explained by βIII-tubulin's association with prosurvival pathways in the early steps of the metastatic process. Its prognostic response increases if combined with additional biomarkers that regulate its expression, since βIII-tubulin can be expressed in conditions, such as estrogen exposure, unrelated to survival mechanisms and without any predictive activity. Additional avenues for therapeutic intervention could emerge if drugs are designed to directly target βIII-tubulin and its mechanism of regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Karki
- Reproductive Tumor Biology Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danbury Hospital, Biomedical Laboratory, Danbury, CT 06810, USA
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