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Gaete MI, Moreno D, Iglesias A, Navarro F, Dreyse J, Cerda J, Durán V, Molina ME, Miguieles R, Urrejola G, Larach JT, Bellolio F. Consistency between POLARS and LARS scores regarding the incidence of low anterior resection syndrome in a Chilean population undergoing rectal surgery secondary to cancer in a high-volume hospital. Colorectal Dis 2024; 26:317-325. [PMID: 38182552 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to evaluate the concordance between the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) and preoperative LARS (POLARS) scores regarding the incidence of LARS in a Chilean population undergoing rectal surgery for cancer in a high-volume hospital. METHOD The LARS score questionnaire, following telephone requests, was used to determine the presence and severity of LARS. The POLARS score was calculated based on variables described previously. Correlations and qualitative and quantitative concordance were evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient, the kappa coefficient and the Bland-Altman plot with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. RESULTS A total of 120 patients met the inclusion criteria: 37.5% underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy, 61% underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) and 51.6% underwent ostomy. A total of 49% of patients did not present with LARS, whereas 28% had major LARS. The correlation between scales was poor, with a fair qualitative concordance to determine the presence/absence of LARS and a slight qualitative concordance to determine the degree of the intensity. The quantitative concordance was poor. CONCLUSION In the Chilean population, concordance between the LARS and POLARS scores was qualitatively fair to determine the presence/absence of the disease and qualitatively slight to determine the degree of intensity. We do not suggest using the POLARS score in the perioperative period in the Chilean population deliberately, as the score may help to determine the presence/absence of LARS but cannot determine its degree of intensity. Additional evaluations are required to determine the factors contributing to the degree of agreement between the scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Gaete
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Moreno
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Iglesias
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Navarro
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Dreyse
- Department of Internal Medicine and Critical Patient Center, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Cerda
- Department of Public Health, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Durán
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M E Molina
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Miguieles
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Urrejola
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J T Larach
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Bellolio
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Xu LL, Cheng TC, Xiang NJ, Chen P, Jiang ZW, Liu XX. Risk factors for severe low anterior resection syndrome in patients with rectal cancer undergoing sphincter‑preserving resection: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:30. [PMID: 38108080 PMCID: PMC10722524 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of severe low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) in patients with rectal cancer undergoing sphincter-preserving resection, and to provide the clinical basis and reference for the treatment of rectal cancer and the prevention of LARS. Studies on the incidence and risk factors for severe LARS in patients with rectal cancer undergoing sphincter-preserving resection were searched using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After evaluating the study quality and extracting relevant data, RevMan 5.2 and STATA software were used to conduct a meta-analysis. A total of 12 articles were considered eligible for the present meta-analysis. Within these articles, there were 3,877 cases of sphincter-preserving resection for rectal cancer and 1,589 cases of severe LARS; the incidence of severe LARS was 40.99%. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that sex [female; odds ratio (OR), 6.54; 95% CI, 3.63-11.76; Z, 6.27; P<0.00001], radiotherapy and chemotherapy (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 2.29-5.21; Z, 5.91; P<0.00001), total mesorectal excision (TME; OR, 4.39; 95% CI, 3.32-5.79; Z, 10.41; P<0.00001), and distance between tumor and anal margin (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 0.86-8.72; Z, 1.70; P<0.00001) may be the risk factors for severe LARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Cheng Cheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Neng-Jun Xiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Qin Q, Huang B, Wu A, Gao J, Liu X, Cao W, Ma T, Kuang Y, Guo J, Wu Q, Shao B, Guan Q, Yao H, Zhang X, Wang H. Development and Validation of a Post-Radiotherapy Prediction Model for Bowel Dysfunction After Rectal Cancer Resection. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:1430-1442.e14. [PMID: 37625498 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The benefit of radiotherapy for rectal cancer is based largely on a balance between a decrease in local recurrence and an increase in bowel dysfunction. Predicting postoperative disability is helpful for recovery plans and early intervention. We aimed to develop and validate a risk model to improve the prediction of major bowel dysfunction after restorative rectal cancer resection with neoadjuvant radiotherapy using perioperative features. METHODS Eligible patients more than 1 year after restorative resection following radiotherapy were invited to complete the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score at 3 national hospitals in China. Clinical characteristics and imaging parameters were assessed with machine learning algorithms. The post-radiotherapy LARS prediction model (PORTLARS) was constructed by means of logistic regression on the basis of key factors with proportional weighs. The accuracy of the model for major LARS prediction was internally and externally validated. RESULTS A total of 868 patients reported a mean LARS score of 28.4 after an average time of 4.7 years since surgery. Key predictors for major LARS included the length of distal rectum, anastomotic leakage, proximal colon of neorectum, and pathologic nodal stage. PORTLARS had a favorable area under the curve for predicting major LARS in the internal dataset (0.835; 95% CI, 0.800-0.870, n = 521) and external dataset (0.884; 95% CI, 0.848-0.921, n = 347). The model achieved both sensitivity and specificity >0.83 in the external validation. In addition, PORTLARS outperformed the preoperative LARS score for prediction of major events. CONCLUSIONS PORTLARS could predict major bowel dysfunction after rectal cancer resection following radiotherapy with high accuracy and robustness. It may serve as a useful tool to identify patients who need additional support for long-term dysfunction in the early stage. CLINICALTRIALS gov, number NCT05129215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Qin
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binjie Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Unit III, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiale Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xinzhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Unit III, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wuteng Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jirui Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyan Shao
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Guan
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Tirelli F, Lorenzon L, Biondi A, Neri I, Santoro G, Persiani R. Functional outcomes after transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME): a random forest analysis to predict patients' outcomes. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:1037-1046. [PMID: 36871281 PMCID: PMC9985820 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorectal, sexual, and urinary dysfunction are common issues after rectal cancer surgery, although seldom explored. The primary aim of this study was to investigate postoperative anorectal functional results. METHODS Patients with mid/low-rectal cancer treated with transanal TME (TaTME) with primary anastomosis with/without diverting stoma between 2015 and 2020 were reviewed and selected if they had a minimum follow-up of 6 months (from the primary procedure or stoma reversal). Patients were interviewed using validated questionnaires and the primary outcome was bowel function based on Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) scores. Statistical analyses were performed to identify clinical/operative variables correlated with worse outcomes. A random forest (RF) algorithm was computed to classify patients at a greater risk of minor/major LARS. RESULTS Ninety-seven patients were selected out of 154 TaTME performed. Overall, 88.7% of the patients had a protective stoma and 25.8% reported major LARS at mean follow-up of 19.0 months. Statistical analyses documented that age, operative time, and interval to stoma reversal correlated with LARS outcomes. The RF analysis disclosed worse LARS symptoms in patients with longer operative time (> 295 min) and stoma reversal interval (> 5.6 months). If the interval ranged between 3 and 5.6 months, older patients (> 65 years) reported worse outcomes. Finally, no statistical difference was documented when comparing the rate of minor/major LARS in the first 27 cases versus others. CONCLUSION One-quarter of the patients developed major LARS after TaTME. An algorithm based on clinical/operative variables, such as age, operative time, and time to stoma reversal, was developed to identify categories at risk for LARS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tirelli
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - L Lorenzon
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - A Biondi
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - I Neri
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - G Santoro
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - R Persiani
- General Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Wu J, Huang M, Wu Y, Hong Y, Cai L, He R, Luo Y, Wang P, Huang M, Lin J. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a propensity-score-matched analysis combined with SEER validation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04779-y. [PMID: 37154929 PMCID: PMC10374480 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical surgery is recommended for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). But radiotherapy can cause potential adverse effects. The therapeutic outcomes, postoperative survival and relapse rates between neoadjuvant chemotherapy (N-CT) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (N-CRT) patients have rarely been studied. METHODS From February 2012 to April 2015, patients with LARC who underwent N-CT or N-CRT followed by radical surgery at our center were included. Pathologic response, surgical outcomes, postoperative complications and survival outcomes (including overall survival [OS], disease-free survival [DFS], cancer-specific survival [CSS] and locoregional recurrence-free survival [LRFS]) were analyzed and compared. Concurrently, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database was used to compare OS in an external source. RESULTS A total of 256 patients were input into the propensity score-matching (PSM) analysis, and 104 pairs remained after PSM. After PSM, the baseline data were well matched and there was a significantly lower tumor regression grade (TRG) (P < 0.001), more postoperative complications (P = 0.009) (especially anastomotic fistula, P = 0.003) and a longer median hospital stay (P = 0.049) in the N-CRT group than in the N-CT group. No significant difference was observed in OS (P = 0.737), DFS (P = 0.580), CSS (P = 0.920) or LRFS (P = 0.086) between the N-CRT group and the N-CT group. In the SEER database, patients who received N-CT had similar OS in both TNM II (P = 0.315) and TNM III stages (P = 0.090) as those who received N-CRT. CONCLUSION N-CT conferred similar survival benefits but caused fewer complications than N-CRT. Thus, it could be an alternative treatment of LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisong Hong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Linbin Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongzhao He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Puning Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinxin Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Verkuijl SJ, Hoff C, Furnée EJ, Kelder W, Hess DA, Wit F, Zijlstra RJ, Trzpis M, Broens PM. Anastomotic Height Is a Valuable Indicator of Long-term Bowel Function Following Surgery for Rectal Cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2023; 66:221-232. [PMID: 35714360 PMCID: PMC9829038 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exact relation between anastomotic height after rectal cancer surgery and postoperative bowel function problems has not been investigated in the long term, resulting in ineffective treatment. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the effect of anastomotic height on long-term bowel function and generic quality of life. DESIGN This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study. SETTINGS Seven hospitals in the north of the Netherlands participated. PATIENTS All patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery between 2009 and 2015 in participating hospitals received the validated Defecation and Fecal Continence and Short-Form 36 questionnaires. Deceased patients, patients with a permanent stoma or an anastomosis >15 cm from the anal verge, patients with intellectual disability, and patients living abroad were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were constipation (Rome IV), fecal incontinence (Rome IV), and major low anterior resection syndrome. Secondary outcomes were the generic quality of life scores. RESULTS The study population ( n = 630) had a median follow-up of 58.0 months. In multivariable analysis, constipation (OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.15; p = 0.011), fecal incontinence (OR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.97; p = 0.006), and major low anterior resection syndrome (OR = 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-0.99; p = 0.027), were significantly associated with anastomotic height. The curves illustrating the probability of constipation and fecal incontinence crossed at an anastomotic height of 7 cm, with 95% CIs overlapping between 4.5 and 9.5 cm. There was no relation between quality-of-life scores and anastomotic height. LIMITATIONS The study is limited by its cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS This study might serve as a guide for the clinician to effectively screen and treat fecal incontinence and constipation during patient follow-up after rectal cancer surgery. More attention should be paid to fecal incontinence in patients with an anastomosis below 4.5 cm and toward constipation in patients with an anastomosis above 9.5 cm. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B858 . LA ALTURA ANASTOMTICA ES UN INDICADOR VALIOSO DE LA FUNCIN INTESTINAL A LARGO PLAZO DESPUS DE LA CIRUGA PARA EL CNCER DE RECTO ANTECEDENTES:La relación exacta entre la altura anastomótica después de la cirugía de cáncer de recto y los problemas posoperatorios de la función intestinal no se ha investigado a largo plazo, lo que causa un tratamiento ineficaz.OBJETIVO:Determinar el efecto de la altura anastomótica sobre la función intestinal a largo plazo y la calidad de vida genérica.DISEÑO:Estudio multicéntrico transversal.DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO:Participaron siete hospitales holandeses en el norte de los Países Bajos.PACIENTES:Todos los pacientes que se sometieron a cirugía de cáncer de recto entre 2009 y 2015 en los hospitales participantes recibieron los cuestionarios validados de Defecación y Continencia Fecal y Short-Form 36. Se excluyeron pacientes fallecidos, pacientes con estoma permanente o anastomosis > 15 cm del borde anal, discapacidad intelectual o residentes en el extranjero.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Los resultados primarios fueron estreñimiento (Roma IV), incontinencia fecal (Roma IV) y síndrome de resección anterior baja mayor. Los resultados secundarios fueron las puntuaciones genéricas de calidad de vida.RESULTADOS:La población de estudio (N = 630) tuvo una mediana de seguimiento de 58.0 meses. En el análisis multivariable el estreñimiento (OR = 1,08, IC del 95%, 1,02-1,15, p = 0,011), incontinencia fecal (OR = 0,91, IC del 95%, 0,84-0,97, p = 0,006) y síndrome de resección anterior baja mayor (OR = 0,93, IC del 95%, 0,87-0,99, p = 0,027) se asociaron significativamente con la altura anastomótica. Las curvas que ilustran la probabilidad de estreñimiento e incontinencia fecal se cruzaron a una altura anastomótica de 7 cm, con IC del 95% superpuestos entre 4,5 y 9,5 cm. No hubo relación entre las puntuaciones de calidad de vida y la altura anastomótica.LIMITACIONES:El estudio está limitado por su diseño transversal.CONCLUSIONES:Este estudio podría servir como una guía para que el médico evalúe y trate eficazmente la incontinencia fecal y el estreñimiento durante el seguimiento de los pacientes después de la cirugía de cáncer de recto. Se debe prestar más atención a la incontinencia fecal en pacientes con anastomosis por debajo de 4,5 cm y al estreñimiento en pacientes con anastomosis por encima de 9,5 cm. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B858 . (Traducción-Dr. Yazmin Berrones-Medina ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J. Verkuijl
- Department of Surgery, Anorectal Physiology Laboratory, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christiaan Hoff
- Department of Surgery, Medical Centre Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Edgar J.B. Furnée
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wendy Kelder
- Department of Surgery, Martini Hospital, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel A. Hess
- Department of Surgery, Antonius Hospital, Sneek, the Netherlands
| | - Fennie Wit
- Department of Surgery, Tjongerschans Hospital, Heerenveen, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald J. Zijlstra
- Department of Surgery, Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Trzpis
- Department of Surgery, Anorectal Physiology Laboratory, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M.A. Broens
- Department of Surgery, Anorectal Physiology Laboratory, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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The Effectiveness of a Self-management Program of Bowel Dysfunction in Patients With Mid and Low Rectal Cancer After Sphincter-Preserving Surgery: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancer Nurs 2023; 46:67-76. [PMID: 35089874 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with mid and low rectal cancer passively react to bowel symptoms after sphincter-preserving surgery (SPS), and their self-management behaviors are scarce in the Chinese patient population. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a self-management program for bowel symptoms in patients with mid and low rectal cancer after SPS. METHODS A convenient sampling method was used to recruit patients with mid and low rectal cancer after SPS in gastric wards from 2 tertiary hospitals in Beijing, China. Ninety-five patients (intervention, n = 47; control, n = 48) were recruited. The intervention group received a predetermined self-management program plus routine postoperative care; the control group received only routine care in the ward. Data on patients' bowel symptoms, quality of life, and bowel symptom self-management behaviors were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively using questionnaires. A generalized estimating equation was adopted to examine group effect and time effect. RESULTS Bowel symptoms and quality of life in both the intervention and control groups of patients improved significantly 6 months after SPS compared with baseline (time effect, P < .001). The total score of patients' bowel symptom self-management behaviors and the score of the therapeutic domain increased significantly in the intervention group compared with those in the control group (group effect, P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Self-management programs could help prompt patients' self-management behaviors, but the extent to which they impact patients' bowel symptoms requires further investigation. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The bowel dysfunction self-management program could alter the behavior of patients. It also effectively improves self-management strategies for bowel symptoms.
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Rayan A, Soliman A. Applying a neoscore in locally advanced rectal cancer is beneficial in predicting local recurrences after surgery. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285709. [PMID: 37172066 PMCID: PMC10180662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The current study was undertaken to provide more detailed prognostic models for early prediction of local recurrences and local recurrence free survival (RFS) using different radiologic and pathologic features of locally advanced rectal carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT). METHODS One hundred patients with locally advanced rectal carcinomas decided to receive neoadjuvant CRT were retrospectively recruited, Hazard ratios (HR) were determined in the two cox regression models and only significant ratios were considered for pointing, Models were built to determine their important effects of different predictors including: pathologic T (T), pathologic N (N), grade (G), clinical stage (cTNM), site (S), perineural invasion (PNI), and response to CRT (R) on 3-year RFS, goodness of performance of each model was measured by Harrell's C index. RESULTS HR of 1st group of models: T+N, T+N+G, T+N+G+S, T+N+G+S+PNI, and T+N+G+S+PNI+R were summated and categorized into scores, these scores were significantly correlated with the risk of recurrence (Somer's D = 0.5, p<0.0001) & Harrell's C index = 0.751, (Somer's D = 0.6, p<0.0001) & its Harrell's C index = 0.794, (Somer's D = 0.7, p<0.0001) & C index = 0.826, Somer's D = 0.7, p<0.0001) & C index = 0.827, and (Somer's D = 0.7, p<0.0001) & C index = 0.843 respectively. The 2nd group of models including: cTNM stage, cTNM+G, cTNM+G+S, cTNM+G+S+PNI, cTNM+G+S+PNI+R scores which were significantly correlated with the HR of LRR (Somer's D = 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.6, & 0.6 respectively), (p = 0.006, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001 respectively), the corresponding Harrell's C indices were 0.595, 0.743, 0.782, 0.795, & 0.813 respectively. CONCLUSION We propose that the addition of biologic factors to staging of rectal cancer provide precise stratification and association with local recurrences in patients received preoperative CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Anterior Resection Syndrome and Quality of Life With Long-term Follow-up After Rectal Cancer Resection. Dis Colon Rectum 2022; 65:1251-1263. [PMID: 34840295 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical and systemic therapies continue to advance, enabling restorative resections for distal rectal cancer. These operations are associated with low anterior resection syndrome. Recent studies with methodological and size limitations have investigated the incidence of low anterior resection syndrome after anterior resection. However, the long-term trajectory of low anterior resection syndrome and its effect on health-related quality of life remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of anterior resection and reversal of ileostomy on long-term health-related quality of life and low anterior resection syndrome. DESIGN Patient demographics were analyzed alongside low anterior resection syndrome and health-related quality-of-life qualitative scores (EORTC-QLQ-C30) obtained through cross-sectional postal questionnaires. SETTING Patients who underwent anterior resection of the rectum for cancer with defunctioning ileostomy between 2003 and 2016 at 2 high-volume centers in the United Kingdom were identified, excluding those experiencing anastomotic leakage. PATIENTS Among 478 eligible patients, 311 (65.1%) participated at a mean of 6.5 ± 0.2 years after anterior resection. Demographics and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy rates were similar ( p > 0.05) between participants and nonparticipants. RESULTS The percentage of patients who experienced major low anterior resection syndrome was 53.4% (166/311). Health-related quality-of-life functional domain scores improved in the years after reversal of ileostomy, with significant changes in constipation ( p = 0.01), social function ( p = 0.03), and emotional scores ( p = 0.02), as well as a reduction in the prevalence of major low anterior resection syndrome ( p = 0.003). LIMITATIONS The main limitation of this study was that the data collected were cross-sectional rather than longitudinal, and that nonresponders may have had worse cancer symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In this first large-scale study assessing long-term function after anterior resection and reversal of ileostomy, there is a linear improvement in major low anterior resection syndrome beyond 6 years, alongside improvements in key quality-of-life measures. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B825 . SEGUIMIENTO A LARGO PLAZO DEL SNDROME DE RESECCIN ANTERIOR BAJA Y LA CALIDAD DE VIDA POR CNCER DE RECTO ANTECEDENTES:Los tratamientos tanto quirúrgicos como sistémicos continúan evolucionando día a día, así éstos permiten resecciones restaurativas por cáncer de recto distal. Estas operaciones están asociadas con el síndrome de resección anterior baja. Estudios recientes con limitaciones tanto metodológicas como de talla han estudiado la incidencia del síndrome de resección anterior bajo post-quirúrgico. Sin embargo, la evolución a largo plazo del síndrome de resección anterior baja y su acción sobre la calidad de vida relacionadas con la salud siguen sin estar claros.OBJETIVO:Evaluar el impacto de la resección anterior baja y el cierre de la ileostomía en la calidad de vida relacionadas con la salud a largo plazo y el síndrome post-resección anterior.AJUSTE:Se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a una reseccción anterior baja de recto por cáncer asociada a una ileostomía de protección entre 2003 y 2016 en dos centros de gran volumen en el Reino Unido, se excluyeron los pacientes que presentaron fuga anastomótica.DISEÑO:Se revisaron los datos demográficos de todos los pacientes que presentaban el síndrome de resección anterior baja, se revisaron las puntuaciones de la calidad de vida relacionadas con el estado general de salud (EORTC-QLQ-C30) obtenidas a través de cuestionarios transversales enviados por correo.PACIENTES:478 pacientes fueron escogidos, 311 (65,1%) participaron del estudio en una media de 6,5 ± 0,2 años después de la resección anterior. Las tasas demográficas y de radio-quimioterapia neoadyuvante fueron similares (p > 0,05) entre los participantes y los no participantes.RESULTADOS:El porcentaje de pacientes que experimentaron síndrome de resección anterior baja mayor fue del 53,4% (166/311).PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Las puntuaciones funcionales en la calidad de vida relacionadas con estado general de salud mejoraron en los años posteriores al cierre de la ileostomía de protección, los cambios fueron significativos con relación al estreñimiento (p = 0,01), con relación a la actividad social (p = 0,03) y con las puntuaciones emocionales (p = 0,02), así como con la reducción de la prevalencia del síndrome de resección anterior baja mayor (p = 0,003).LIMITACIONES:La principal limitación del presente estudio mostró que los datos recopilados fueron transversales y no longitudinales, y que los pacientes no respondedores pueden haber tenido peores síntomas relacionados con el cáncer.CONCLUSIONES:Este primer estudio a gran escala, evalúa la función a largo plazo después de la resección anterior baja y el cierre de la ileostomía, demuestra una mejoría lineal en el síndrome de resección anterior baja de grado importante, más allá de los 6 años, asociado con la mejoría en las medidas clave de calidad de vida. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B825 . (Traducción-Dr. Xavier Delgadillo ).
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Fratta CL, Pinheiro LV, Costa FO, Magro DO, Martinez CAR, Coy CSR. STUDY OF ANORECTAL PHYSIOLOGY PRE AND POS NEOADJUVANT THERAPY FOR RECTAL CANCER BY ANORECTAL MANOMETRY AND JORGE-WEXNER SCORE. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2022; 59:334-339. [PMID: 36102428 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.202203000-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of distal rectal cancer may be accompanied by evacuation disorders of multifactorial etiology. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) is part of the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced extraperitoneal rectal cancer. The assessment of anorectal function after long-term NCRT in patients with cancer of the extraperitoneal rectum has been poorly evaluated. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of NCRT on anorectal function and continence in patients with extraperitoneal rectal cancer. METHODS Rectal adenocarcinoma patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy were submitted to functional evaluation by anorectal manometry and the degree of fecal incontinence using the Jorge-Wexner score, before and eight weeks after NCRT. The manometric parameters evaluated were mean resting anal pressure (ARp), maximum voluntary contraction anal pressure (MaxSp) and average voluntary contraction anal pressure (ASp). All patients underwent the same NCRT protocol based on the application of fluoropyrimidine (5-FU) at a dosage of 350 mg/m2 associated with folic acid at a dosage of 20 mg/m2, intravenously, in the first and last week of treatment, concomitantly with conformational radiotherapy with a total dose of 50.4Gy, divided into 28 daily fractions of 1.8Gy. For statistical analysis of the quantitative variables with normal distribution, the mean, standard deviation, median and interquartile range were calculated. For comparison of two related samples (before and eight weeks after NCRT), Wilcoxon's non-parametric test was used. RESULTS Forty-eight patients with rectal cancer were included in the study, with a mean age of 62.8 (39-81) years, 36 (75%) of whom were male. The use of NCRT was associated with a decrease in the values of ARp (55.0 mmHg vs 39.1 mmHg, P<0.05) and ASp (161.9 mmHg vs 141.9 mmHg, P<0.05) without changing MaxSp values (185,5 mmHg vs 173 mmHg, P=0.05). There was no worsening of the incontinence score eight weeks after the use of NCRT (3.0 vs 3.3; P>0.05). CONCLUSION NCRT was associated with a reduction in the values of ARp and the ASp. There was no change in MaxSp, as well as in the degree of fecal continence by the Jorge-Wexner score.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Augusto Real Martinez
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
- Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brasil
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Liang Z, Zhang Z, Wu D, Huang C, Chen X, Hu W, Wang J, Feng X, Yao X. Effects of Preoperative Radiotherapy on Long-Term Bowel Function in Patients With Rectal Cancer Treated With Anterior Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221105156. [PMID: 35731647 PMCID: PMC9228631 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221105156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Anterior resection is a common surgical approach used in rectal cancer surgery; however, this procedure is known to cause bowel injury and dysfunction. Neoadjuvant therapy is widely used in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. In this study, we determined the effect of preoperative radiotherapy on long-term bowel function in patients who underwent anterior resection for treatment of rectal cancer. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. A random-effects model was used in the meta-analysis by the Review Manager software, version 5.3. Results: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 12 studies, which used low anterior resection syndrome score with a total of 2349 patients. Based on them, we concluded that low anterior resection syndrome was significantly more common in the preoperative radiotherapy group (odds ratio 3.59, 95% confidence interval 2.68-4.81, P < .00001) and that major low anterior resection syndrome also occurred significantly more frequently in the preoperative radiotherapy group (odds ratio 3.28, 95% confidence interval 2.05-5.26, P < .00001). Subgroup analyses of long-course radiation, total mesorectal excision, and non-metastatic tumors were performed, and the results met the conclusions of the primary outcomes. Conclusions: Preoperative radiotherapy negatively affects long-term bowel function in patients who undergo anterior resection for rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixian Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Xueqing Yao, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510100, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital (Ganzhou Municipal Hospital), Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China.
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Park EJ, Baik SH. Functional outcomes after sphincter-preserving surgeries for low-lying rectal cancer: A review. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2021.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphincter preservation and organ restoration during rectal cancer surgery avoids permanent stoma creation and diminishes psychosocial damages. However, decreased rectal volumes and sphincter dysfunction—including pelvic nerve damage—results in low anterior resection syndrome, as well as urinary and sexual dysfunction after rectal resection. Bowel habit changes such as fecal incontinence, fecal urgency, frequent bowel movements, clustered stools, and difficulties in bowel emptying can be treated using medications, pelvic floor rehabilitation, sacral neuromodulation, or neorectal reservoir reconstruction. Pelvic nerve damage resulting from superior and inferior hypogastric plexi during sphincter-preserving rectal cancer surgery can induce urologic and sexual dysfunctions. Preoperative voiding difficulty, perioperative blood loss, and autonomic nerve injury are considered independent risk factors for postoperative urinary dysfunction. Retrograde ejaculation and erectile dysfunction, female dyspareunia, and vaginal dryness are manifestations of sexual dysfunction resulting from autonomic nerve injury during rectal cancer surgery. Multifactorial causes for functional outcomes after sphincter- preserving surgeries are considered to improve patient’s quality of life with acceptable oncologic outcomes in the treatment of rectal cancer patients.
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13
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Annicchiarico A, Martellucci J, Solari S, Scheiterle M, Bergamini C, Prosperi P. Low anterior resection syndrome: can it be prevented? Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:2535-2552. [PMID: 34409501 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-04008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Surgery remains the cardinal treatment in colorectal cancers but changes in bowel habits after rectal cancer surgery are common and disabling conditions that affect patients' quality of life. Low anterior resection syndrome is a disorder of bowel function after rectal resection resulting in a lowering of the QoL and recently has been defined by an international working group not only by specified symptoms but also by their consequences. This review aims to explore an extensive bibliographic research on preventive strategies for LARS. All "modifiable variables," quantified by the LARS Score, such as type of anastomosis, neoadjuvant therapy, surgical strategy, and diverting stoma, were evaluated, while "non-modifiable variables" such as age, sex, BMI, ASA, preoperative TMN, tumor height, and type of mesorectal excision were excluded from the comparative analysis. The role of defunctioning stoma, local excision, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, and non operative management seems to significantly affect risk of LARS, while type of anastomosis and surgical TME approach do not impact on LARS incidence or gravity in the long term period. Although it is established that some variables are associated with a greater onset of LARS, in clinical practice, technical difficulties and oncological limits often make difficult the application of some prevention plans. Transtomal irrigations, intraoperative neuromonitoring, pelvic floor rehabilitation before stoma closure, and early transanal irrigation represent new arguments of study in preventive strategies which could, if not eliminate the symptoms, at least mitigate them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Solari
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Bergamini
- Emergency Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Prosperi
- Emergency Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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Grass JK, Chen CC, Melling N, Lingala B, Kemper M, Scognamiglio P, Persiani R, Tirelli F, Caricato M, Capolupo GT, Izbicki JR, Perez DR. Robotic rectal resection preserves anorectal function: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Med Robot 2021; 17:e2329. [PMID: 34463416 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving survival rates in rectal cancer patients has generated a growing interest in functional outcomes after total mesorectal excision (TME). The well-established low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score assesses postoperative anorectal impairment after TME. Our meta-analysis is the first to compare bowel function after open, laparoscopic, transanal, and robotic TME. METHODS All studies reporting functional outcomes after rectal cancer surgery (LARS score) were included, and were compared with a consecutive series of robotic TME (n = 48). RESULTS Thirty-two publications were identified, including 5 565 patients. Anorectal function recovered significantly better within one year after robotic TME (3.8 [95%CI -9.709-17.309]) versus laparoscopic TME (26.4 [95%CI 19.524-33.286]), p = 0.006), open TME (26.0 [95%CI 24.338-29.702], p = 0.002) and transanal TME (27.9 [95%CI 22.127-33.669], p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Robotic TME enables better recovery of anorectal function compared to other techniques. Further prospective, high-quality studies are needed to confirm the benefits of robotic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Grass
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chien-Chih Chen
- Department of Surgery, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bharathi Lingala
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Marius Kemper
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pasquale Scognamiglio
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Persiani
- Chirurgia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Tirelli
- Chirurgia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jakob R Izbicki
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Sun R, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Lu J, Zhang Y, Xiao Y. The incidence and risk factors of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after sphincter-preserving surgery of rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:7249-7258. [PMID: 34296335 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients after sphincter-preserving surgery experienced anorectal functional disturbances which were known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). Although many studies investigated LARS, there was inconsistency of their assessment tools and results. The aim of this systematic review was to elucidate the incidence and risk factors of LARS by a validated tool-LARS score. METHODS A systematic literature search in Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted in April 2020. Studies investigating patients who were evaluated by LARS score 1 year after their sphincter-preserving surgery due to rectal cancer were included. Meta-analysis of incidence was conducted using the double arcsine method. Meta-analysis of each risk factor was conducted using a random effects model. RESULTS A total of 50 studies were included. The pooled incidence of major LARS was 44% (95% CI 40-48%; I2 = 88%; 36 studies). Long course neoadjuvant radiotherapy (OR 2.89, 95% CI 2.06-4.05; I2 = 47%; P < 0.01; 10 studies), total mesorectal excision (TME) (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.49-3.04; I2 = 53%; P < 0.01; 7 studies), anastomotic leak (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.34-2.93; I2 = 39%; P < 0.01; 9 studies), and diverting stoma (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.58-2.27; I2 = 0%; P < 0.01; 13 studies) were associated with increased risk of major LARS. No significant difference was found in major LARS incidence between transanal TME and laparoscopic TME (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.78-2.40; I2 = 19%; P = 0.28; 4 studies). Pouch reconstruction failed to lower the risk of major LARS in long term (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.88-2.33; I2 = 70%; P = 0.29; 9 studies). CONCLUSION The incidence of major LARS after sphincter-preserving surgery is relatively high. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy, TME, anastomostic leak, and diverting stoma are major risk factors. No significant differences in postoperative anorectal functions were observed between transanal and laparoscopic TME. Pouch reconstruction was not found to be significantly beneficial to anorectal functions in long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuai fuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuai fuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuai fuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Junyang Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuai fuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuai fuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Shuai fuyuan 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.
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[The importance of radiotherapy in rectal cancer-an update from a surgeon's perspective]. Chirurg 2021; 92:591-598. [PMID: 33893541 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-021-01414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was implemented in the treatment of rectal cancer for UICC stages II and III in 2004. Recent studies have provided new insights with respect to the indications and sequence of radiotherapy in the concept of multimodal treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to review the status of radiotherapy in the context of current developments in the treatment of rectal cancer, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based surgery, total neoadjuvant therapy and the watch and wait strategy for complete clinical remission. RESULTS The indications for neoadjuvant radiotherapy based on the clinical T and N stages are not exact and can lead to overtreatment in 18-27% of cases. Radiotherapy is associated with a worsening of anorectal and urogenital functions. Local recurrence rates of 3% with surgery alone can be achieved in patients with negative circumferential resection margins (low risk cancer) in MRI. For rectal cancer with high-risk features, such as cT4 tumor, positive circumferential resection margins and extramural vascular invasion, an improved disease-free survival and a lower rate of distant metastases could be achieved with total neoadjuvant therapy compared to standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in recent phase III randomized trials. Pathological complete remission is achieved in 28% of patients after total neoadjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION The high rate of complete remission has fired the debate regarding watch and wait after total neoadjuvant therapy; however, no prospective randomized phase III trials comparing total mesorectal resection vs. watch and wait in complete clinical remission have been published. Hence, resection remains the gold standard in this scenario given the excellent long-term oncological results.
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Zhang Q, An L, Yu R, Peng J, Yu K, Huang M, Li L, Wang X. The impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on low anterior resection syndrome after rectal cancer resection: A 6 Months longitudinal follow-up. Asian J Surg 2021; 44:1260-1265. [PMID: 33722459 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Neoadjuvant radiotherapy plays a vital role in rectal cancer treatment, but impairs postoperative bowel function, leading to low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone might avoid the negative effect of radiotherapy on bowel function. This study aims to assess the impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on LARS and the development of LARS over the first 6 months after surgery. METHODS Rectal cancer patients were prospectively recruited during June 30, 2018 and December 24, 2019. Bowel function was assessed by the LARS score, which was taken at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery via phone call interview. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (group A) or not (group B). RESULTS A total of 97 patients were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference between the LARS scores at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months of both groups. The LARS score at 6 months showed a significant decrease from that of 1 month and 3 months in group B (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and in all patients (P < 0.05, P = 0.001), and significant difference was found between the LARS scores in group A at the three timepoints (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the scores at 1 month and 3 months in both groups and in all patients. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone did not have a negative impact on LARS. The bowel function after surgery started to show significant improvement at 6 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Limin An
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruixuan Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kexin Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Day Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Asnong A, D'Hoore A, Van Kampen M, Devoogdt N, De Groef A, Sterckx K, Lemkens H, Wolthuis A, Van Molhem Y, Van Geluwe B, Debrun L, Geraerts I. Randomised controlled trial to assess efficacy of pelvic floor muscle training on bowel symptoms after low anterior resection for rectal cancer: study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e041797. [PMID: 33483444 PMCID: PMC7831707 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radical surgery after a total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer often results in a significant decrease in the patient's quality of life, due to functional problems such as bowel, urinary and sexual dysfunction. The effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on these symptoms has been scarcely investigated. We hypothesise that the proportion of successful patients will be significantly higher in the intervention group, receiving 12 weeks of PFMT, compared with the control group without treatment. The primary outcome of this trial is the severity of bowel symptoms, measured through the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome questionnaire, 4 months after TME or stoma closure. Secondary outcomes are related to other bowel and urinary symptoms, sexual function, physical activity and quality of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This research protocol describes a multicentre single blind prospective, randomised controlled trial. Since January 2017, patients treated for rectal cancer (n=120) are recruited after TME in three Belgian centres. One month following surgery or, in case of a temporary ileostomy, 1 month after stoma closure, patients are randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=60) or to the control group (n=60). The assessments concern the preoperative period and 1, 4, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was granted by the local Ethical Committee of the University Hospitals Leuven (s59761) and positive advice from the others centres has been obtained. Dissemination of the results will be accomplished via guidelines and (non-)scientific literature for professionals as well as organisation of patient symposia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR6383.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Asnong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - André D'Hoore
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg Campus, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Marijke Van Kampen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Nele Devoogdt
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - An De Groef
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Kim Sterckx
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Hilde Lemkens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Albert Wolthuis
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg Campus, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Yves Van Molhem
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, OLVZ, Aalst, Oost-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Geluwe
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg Campus, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, AZ Groeninge - Campus Kennedylaan, Kortrijk, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium
| | - Lynn Debrun
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven Gasthuisberg Campus, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Inge Geraerts
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
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19
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Rizzo G, Pafundi DP, Sionne F, D'Agostino L, Pietricola G, Gambacorta MA, Valentini V, Coco C. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy affects postoperative outcomes and functional results in patients treated with transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal neoplasms. Tech Coloproctol 2021; 25:319-331. [PMID: 33459969 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to quantify the incidence of short-term postoperative complications and functional disorders at 1 year from transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for rectal neoplasms, to compare patients treated with TEM alone and with TEM after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and to analyse factors influencing postoperative morbidity and functional outcomes. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on all patients treated with TEM for rectal neoplasms at our institution in January 2000-December 2017. Data from a prospectively maintained database were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into two groups: adenoma or early rectal cancer (no CRT group) and locally advanced extraperitoneal rectal cancer with major or complete clinical response after preoperative CRT (CRT group). Short-term postoperative mortality and morbidity and the functional results at 1 year were recorded. The two groups were compared, and a statistical analysis of factors influencing postoperative morbidity and functional outcomes was performed. Functional outcome was also evaluated with the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) score (0-20 no LARS, 21-29 minor LARS and 30-42 major LARS). RESULTS One hundred and thirteen patients (71 males, 42 females, median age 64 years [range 41-80 years]) were included in the study (46 in the CRT group). The overall postoperative complication rate was 23.0%, lower in the noCRT group (p < 0.001), but only 2.7% were grade ≥ 3. The most frequent complication was suture dehiscence (17.6%), which occurred less frequently in the noCRT group (p < 0.001). At 1 year from TEM, the most frequent symptoms was urgency (11.9%, without significant differences between the CRT group and the noCRT group); the noCRT group experienced a lower rate of soiling than the CRT group (0% vs. 7.7%; p: 0.027). The incidence of LARS was evaluated in 47 patients from May 2012 on and was 21.3% occurring less frequently in the noCRT group (10% vs. 41.2%; p: 0.012). Only 6.4% of the patients evaluated experienced major LARS. In multivariate analysis, preoperative CRT significantly worsened postoperative morbidity and functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS TEM is a safe procedure associated with only low risk of severe postoperative complications and major LARS. Preoperative CRT seems to increase the rate of postoperative morbidity after TEM and led to worse functional outcomes at 1 year after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rizzo
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale 2, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - D P Pafundi
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale 2, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - F Sionne
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale 2, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - L D'Agostino
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale 2, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - G Pietricola
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale 2, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Gambacorta
- U.O.C. Radioterapia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - V Valentini
- U.O.C. Radioterapia Oncologica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - C Coco
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Generale 2, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
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20
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Cai Y, Ma T, Zhong Q, Qin Q, Cao W, Liu Z, Ke J, Wang H. Quantitative CT measurement of left colonic and pelvic mesenteric adipose volume in radiation proctitis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:882. [PMID: 32793726 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The edema of left colonic and pelvic mesenteric adipose tissues has long been recognized in surgery as a characteristic feature of radiation proctitis (RP). However, the correlation between mesenteric adipose volume and RP has not been extensively clarified. The purpose of this study was thus to assess the variation of left colonic and pelvic mesenteric adipose volume in RP. Methods From March 2013 to June 2015, the data of 52 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, including 23 patients with RP and 29 with non-RP (nRP), were retrieved. The mesenteric adipose volume was quantified via a computed tomography (CT) reconstruction method. Corresponding analyses were conducted to observe the correlation between the relative change of mesenteric adipose volume and the thickening degree of the rectal wall. Results The baseline data of the RP group and the nRP group were comparable. There was no significant difference in the relative change of the left colonic mesenteric adipose volume in each vertebral space from the third lumbar vertebra to the first sacral vertebra before and after radiotherapy. The relative change of pelvic mesenteric adipose volume (ΔVp%) was notably higher in the RP group compared to the nRP group. With a ΔVp% cutoff value of 3.67%, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of RP were 65.2% and 86.2%, respectively. According to the correlation analysis, ΔVp% in the RP group was significantly correlated with the thickening degree of the rectal wall after radiotherapy (r=0.47, P=0.024). Conclusions The increment of the relative change of pelvic mesenteric adipose volume quantitatively measured by CT can be clinically useful in identifying RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuteng Cao
- Department of Radiology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanzhen Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Low anterior resection syndrome is a highly prevalent condition that can develop after anal sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer and impair quality of life. In this review, we summarize the major features and pathophysiology of this syndrome and discuss treatment approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Quality of life correlates significantly with severity of low anterior resection syndrome. Prompt assessment and initiation of therapy are essential to rehabilitating damaged mechanical and neural structures. Anorectal manometry demonstrates a global decrease in sphincteric function postoperatively, though in many patients, function does recover. Transanal irrigation, pelvic floor rehabilitation, and biofeedback are the mainstays of the treatment of major LARS. Definitive stoma can be considered in therapy refractory LARS > 2 years. The development of low anterior resection syndrome likely involves an interplay between mechanical and neural pathways. Clinically, patients present at varying levels of severity, and scoring systems are available to help assess patient symptoms and guide therapy. Treatment approaches range from conservative therapies to biofeedback and sacral nerve stimulation. Future randomized controlled trials aimed at risk stratification of patients and development of severity-based treatment algorithms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Nguyen
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Ave., Ste. 8B, BCM 901, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt), Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reena V Chokshi
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Ave., Ste. 8B, BCM 901, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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22
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Zhao F, Wang J, Yu H, Cheng X, Li X, Zhu X, Xu X, Lin J, Chen X, Yan S. Neoadjuvant radiotherapy improves overall survival for T3/4N+M0 rectal cancer patients: a population-based study of 20300 patients. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:49. [PMID: 32103755 PMCID: PMC7045410 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to improve local control; however, whether it can improve overall survival (OS) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients remains controversial. We therefore aimed to examine the benefits of surgery alone, neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT), adjuvant RT, and surgery plus chemotherapy in stage II (T3/4N0M0) and III (any T and N + M0) on the OS of rectal cancer patients. Methods Date from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 were used. Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to compare patient prognoses across different treatment modalities. Cox hazard regression analysis were used to identify independent predictors of OS. Results For stage T3/4N0M0 patients, neoadjuvant RT, adjuvant RT, and surgery plus chemotherapy resulted in similar OS (all p > 0.05; mean survival, 115.89 months (M), 111.97 M, and 117.22 M, respectively), with better OS observed in these patients than in patients who underwent surgery alone (all p < 0.001, mean survival, 88.96 M). For stage T1/2N + M0 patients, neoadjuvant RT, adjuvant RT, and surgery plus chemotherapy resulted in similar OS (all p > 0.05; mean survival, 121.50 M, 124.25 M, and 121.20 M, respectively), with better OS observed in these patients than in patients who underwent surgery alone (all p < 0.001, mean survival 83.81 M). For stage T3/4N + M0 patients, neoadjuvant RT (HR = 0.436; 95% CI, 0.396~0.478; p < 0.001) resulted in significantly longer OS than adjuvant RT and surgery plus chemotherapy (mean survival, 104.47 M, 93.94 M, and 93.62 M, respectively), with better OS observed in these patients than in patients who underwent surgery alone (all p < 0.001, mean survival 54.87 M). Older age (> 60 years), black race, unmarried status, high tumour grade, and tumour size > 5 cm were all associated with a poor prognosis (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Neoadjuvant RT, adjuvant RT, and surgery plus chemotherapy results in better OS than surgery alone in LARC patients. Neoadjuvant RT has the potential to be highly recommended over adjuvant RT and surgery plus chemotherapy for T3/4N + M0 patients; however, it showed no OS advantage over adjuvant RT or surgery plus chemotherapy for T3/4N0M0 and T1/2N + M0 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jili Wang
- Graduate School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Graduate School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjiang Lin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People's Republic of China.
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Analysis of Molecular Pretreated Tumor Profiles as Predictive Biomarkers of Therapeutic Response and Survival Outcomes after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer in Moroccan Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:8459303. [PMID: 31998419 PMCID: PMC6977322 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8459303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic features depending on tumor response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy are important to determine the outcomes in patients with rectal cancer. Evaluating the potential predictive roles of biomarker expression and their prognostic impact is a promising challenge. We reported here the immunohistochemical staining of a panel marker of mismatch repair protein (MMR), Ki67, HER-2, and p53. Additionally, identification of somatic mutations of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF genes were performed by direct sequencing and pyrosequencing in pretreated biopsy tissues from 57 patients diagnosed for rectal cancer. Clinical features and pathological criteria for postneoadjuvant treatment surgical resection specimen's data were collected. Immunohistochemical expression and mutational status were correlated with therapeutic response, overall survival, and disease progression. The mean age of patients was 56 years. Seven (12.3%) out of 57 patients had a complete therapeutic response. Our analysis showed that when using complete therapeutic response (Dworak 4) and incomplete therapeutic response (Dworak 3, 2, and 1) as grouping factor, high p53 expression at the pretreatment biopsy was significantly associated to an incomplete response (p = 0.002). For 20 and 2 out of 57, KRAS and NRAS mutations were detected, respectively. The majority of these mutations affected codon 12. KRAS mutations detected at codon 146 (A146T, A146V) was associated with the appearance of recurrence and distant metastasis (p = 0.019). A high expression of HER-2 corresponding to score 3+ was observed in 3 pretreatment biopsy specimens. This class was significantly associated with a short relapse-free survival (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the high expression of Ki67 was moderately correlated with an older age (p = 0.016, r = 0.319). In addition, this shows that high p53 expression in the pretreatment biopsy was associated with an incomplete response in surgical resection specimens after neoadjuvant treatment, and a HER-2 score 3+ can be a predictive factor of distant metastasis and local recurrence. Larger, prospective, and more studies are needed.
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Clinical Anastomotic Leakage After Rectal Cancer Resection Can Be Predicted by Pelvic Anatomic Features on Preoperative MRI Scans: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Dis Colon Rectum 2019; 62:1326-1335. [PMID: 31567929 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000001481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We demonstrated previously that radiation proctitis induced by preoperative radiotherapy is a predisposing factor for clinical anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing rectal cancer resection. Quantitative measurement of radiation proctitis is needed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to quantitate the changes of anatomic features caused by preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer and evaluate its ability to predict leakage. DESIGN It was a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (NCT01211210). MRI variables were retrospectively assessed. SETTINGS The study was conducted in the leading center of the trial, which is a tertiary GI hospital. PATIENTS Patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiation with sphincter-preserving surgery were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Anatomic features were measured by preradiotherapy and postradiotherapy MRI. Univariate analyses were used to identify prognostic factors. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the cutoff value of the changes of MRI variables in predicting leakage. RESULTS Eighteen (14.4%) of the 125 included patients developed clinical anastomotic leakage. Baseline characteristics were comparable between leakage group and nonleakage group. Relative increments of width of presacral space, thickness of rectal wall, and distal end of sigmoid colon discriminate between the 2 groups better than random chance. Relative increments of width of presacral space was the best performing predictor, with area under the curve of 0.722, sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 72.0%, and positive and negative predictive value of 28.6% and 92.8%. LIMITATIONS The study was limited by its small sample size and retrospective design. CONCLUSIONS Increments of the width of the presacral space, thickness of rectal wall, and distal part of the sigmoid colon helps to identify individuals not at risk for clinical anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection. The first variable is the strongest predictor. Changes of these variables should be taken into consideration when evaluating the application of defunctioning stoma. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B23. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER NCT1211210. LAS FUGAS ANASTOMÓTICAS CLÍNICAS DESPUÉS DE LA RESECCIÓN DEL CÁNCER DEL RECTO PUEDEN PREDECIRSE POR LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÓMICAS PÉLVICAS EN LAS IMAGENES DE RESONANCIA MAGNÉTICA PREOPERATORIA: UN ANÁLISIS SECUNDARIO DE UN ESTUDIO CONTROLADO ALEATORIZADO:: Anteriormente demostramos que la proctitis inducida por la radiación de radioterapia preoperatoria es un factor predisponente para la fuga anastomótica clínica en pacientes sometidos a resección de cáncer rectal. Es necesaria la medición cuantitativa de la proctitis por radiación.Este estudio tuvo como objetivo cuantificar los cambios en las características anatómicas causados por la radioterapia preoperatoria para el cáncer de recto y evaluar su capacidad para predecir las fugas anastomoticas.Fue un análisis secundario de un estudio controlado aleatorio (NCT01211210). Los variables de imagines de resonancia magnetica se evaluaron retrospectivamente.Se llevó a cabo en el centro principal del estudio, que es un hospital gastrointestinal terciario.Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a quimiorradiación preoperatoria con cirugía conservadora del esfínter.Las características anatómicas se midieron mediante imagines de resonancia magnetica previa y posterior a la radioterapia. Se utilizaron análisis univariados para identificar los factores pronósticos. Las curvas de características operativas del receptor se construyeron para determinar el valor de corte de los cambios de los variables de resonancia magnetica en la predicción de fugas.Dieciocho (14.4%) de los 125 pacientes incluidos desarrollaron fugas anastomóticas clínicas. Las características basales fueron comparables entre el grupo de fugas y el grupo de no fugas. Los incrementos relativos del ancho del espacio presacro, el grosor de la pared rectal y distal del colon sigmoide discriminan entre los dos grupos mejor que la posibilidad aleatoria. Los incrementos relativos del ancho del espacio presacro fueron el mejor pronóstico con un AUC de 0.722, sensibilidad del 66.7%, especificidad del 72.0%, valor predictivo positivo y negativo del 28.6% y 92.8%.Estaba limitado por el tamaño de muestra pequeño y el diseño retrospectivo.Los incrementos en el ancho del espacio presacro, el grosor de la pared rectal y la parte distal del colon sigmoide ayudan a identificar a las personas que no tienen riesgo de fuga anastomótica clínica después de la resección del cáncer rectal. La primera variable es el predictor más fuerte. Los cambios de estos variables deben tenerse en cuenta al evaluar la aplicación del estoma para desvio. Vea el Resumen del Video en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B23.
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25
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Huang Y, Koh CE. Sacral nerve stimulation for bowel dysfunction following low anterior resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:1240-1248. [PMID: 31081580 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) can affect up to 70% of all patients with rectal cancer. In the last two decades, sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has emerged as an effective treatment for faecal incontinence. There is some encouraging literature on the use of SNS in patients with LARS. The purpose of this review is to provide an up to date review on the utility of SNS on LARS. METHOD A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed databases (January 1981-March 2019). Studies identified were appraised with standard selection criteria. Data points were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. RESULTS Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. All studies used the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS), whereas the low anterior resection syndrome score (LARS score) was used in three studies. Overall median improvement in the scoring system was 67.0% (range 35.5%-88.2%) after SNS implantation. There was a significant reduction in CCIS after SNS implantation (mean difference 11.23, 95% confidence interval 9.38-13.07, Z = 11.90, P < 0.00001). The LARS score was also significantly reduced after using SNS in patients with LARS (mean difference 17.87, 95% confidence interval 10.15-25.59, Z = 4.54, P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Use of SNS may provide symptomatic benefits for patients with LARS refractory to medical therapy. However, the current level of evidence remains limited. A large multicentre study of SNS for LARS using the validated LARS score is warranted. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of SNS for patients with LARS needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- SOuRCe (Surgical Outcomes Research Centre), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,RPA Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C E Koh
- SOuRCe (Surgical Outcomes Research Centre), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,RPA Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Postoperative XELOX therapy for patients with curatively resected high-risk stage II and stage III rectal cancer without preoperative chemoradiation: a prospective, multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase II study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:929. [PMID: 31533662 PMCID: PMC6751668 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Preoperative 5-FU-based chemoradiation is currently a standard treatment for advanced rectal cancer, particularly in Western countries. Although it reduced the local recurrence, it could not necessarily improve overall survival. Furthermore, it can also produce adverse effects and long-term sphincter function deficiency. Adjuvant oxaliplatin plus capecitabine (XELOX) is a recommended regimen for patients with curatively resected colon cancer. However, the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer patients who have not undergone preoperative chemoradiation remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of surgery and postoperative XELOX without preoperative chemoradiation for treating rectal cancer. Methods We performed a prospective, multicenter, open-label, single arm phase II study. Patients with curatively resected high-risk stage II and stage III rectal cancer who had not undergone preoperative therapy were treated with a 120 min intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) on day 1 and capecitabine (2000 mg/m2/day) in 2 divided doses for 14 days of a 3-week cycle, for a total of 8 cycles (24 weeks). The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). Results Between August 2012 and June 2015, 60 men and 47 women with a median age was 63 years (range: 29–77 years) were enrolled. Ninety-three patients had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scores of ‘0’ and 14 had scores of ‘1’. Tumors were located in the upper and lower rectums in 54 and 48 patients, respectively; 8 patients had stage II disease and 99 had stage III. The 3-year DFS was 70.1% (95% confidence interval, 60.8–78.0%) and 33 patients (31%) experienced recurrence, most commonly in the lung (16 patients) followed by local recurrence (9) and hepatic recurrence (7). Conclusions Postoperative XELOX without preoperative chemoradiation is effective for rectal cancer and provides adequate 3-year DFS prospects. Trial registration This clinical trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network registry system as UMIN000008634 at Aug 06, 2012.
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Cura Pales CG, An S, Cruz JP, Kim K, Kim Y. Postoperative Bowel Function After Anal Sphincter-Preserving Rectal Cancer Surgery: Risks Factors, Diagnostic Modalities, and Management. Ann Coloproctol 2019; 35:160-166. [PMID: 31487762 PMCID: PMC6732333 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2019.08.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) refers to a disturbance of bowel function that commonly manifests within 1 month after rectal cancer surgery. A low level of anastomosis and chemoradiotherapy have been consistently found to be risk factors for developing LARS. Thorough history taking and physical examination with adjunctive procedures are essential when evaluating patients with LARS. Anorectal manometry, fecoflowmetry, and validated questionnaires are important tools for assessing the quality of life of patients with LARS. Conservative management (medical, physiotherapy, transanal irrigation), invasive procedures (neuromodulation), and multimodal therapy are the mainstay of treatment for patients with LARS. A stoma could be considered when other treatment modalities have failed. An initial meticulous surgical procedure for rectal cancer, creation of a neorectal reservoir during anastomosis, and proper exercise of the anal sphincter muscle (Kegel’s maneuver) are essential to combat LARS. Pretreatment counseling is a crucial step for patients who have risk factors for developing LARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris George Cura Pales
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Southern Philippines Medical Center, Davao City, The Philippines
| | - Sanghyun An
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jan Paolo Cruz
- Section of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rizal Medical Center, Pasig City, The Philippines.,Department of Surgery, Clinica Antipolo Hospital and Wellness Center, Antipolo City, The Philippines
| | - Kwangmin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Saidabad Clinic, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Youngwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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28
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Quezada-Diaz F, Jimenez-Rodriguez RM, Pappou EP, Joshua Smith J, Patil S, Wei I, Guillem JG, Paty PB, Nash GM, Weiser MR, Garcia-Aguilar J. Effect of Neoadjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy With or Without Chemoradiation on Bowel Function in Rectal Cancer Patients Treated With Total Mesorectal Excision. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23:800-807. [PMID: 30350191 PMCID: PMC6430650 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-018-4003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) impairs bowel function in patients with rectal cancer treated with total mesorectal excision (TME). The impact of other forms of neoadjuvant therapy such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (NC) and induction chemotherapy followed by CRT (total neoadjuvant therapy or TNT) on postoperative bowel function has not been investigated. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 176 rectal cancer patients treated between November 1, 2011, and August 31, 2017. All patients completed the MSKCC Bowel Function Instrument (BFI), a validated bowel function questionnaire, at least 6 months after TME and/or ileostomy reversal. Differences in BFI scores were compared across four groups (surgery alone, CRT, NC, and TNT) and also according to exposure to neoadjuvant RT and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the independent relationship between exposure to neoadjuvant RT or chemotherapy and BFI. RESULTS BFI total scores were significantly different between the four groups (p = 0.008). Exposure to RT correlated with worse BFI total scores (p = 0.002), and no differences were found in BFI total score after exposure to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.92). In a linear regression model, only exposure to RT (β = - 5.1; 95% CI - 8.9 to - 1.3; p = 0.008) and tumor distance from the anal verge (β = 1.23; 95% CI 0.48 to 1.97; p = 0.001) were significantly correlated with BFI total score. CONCLUSION NC, whether administered alone or added to CRT, does not seem to impair bowel function. These data should be used to counsel rectal cancer patients when discussing neoadjuvant therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Quezada-Diaz
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rosa M. Jimenez-Rodriguez
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emmanouil P. Pappou
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - J. Joshua Smith
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sujata Patil
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iris Wei
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose G. Guillem
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Philip B. Paty
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Garrett M. Nash
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martin R. Weiser
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julio Garcia-Aguilar
- Colorectal Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Etiology and management of low anterior resection syndrome based on the normal defecation mechanism. Surg Today 2019; 49:803-808. [PMID: 30937634 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) commonly develops after an anal sphincter-preserving operation (SPO). The etiology of LARS is not well understood, as the anatomical components and physiological function of normal defecation, which may be damaged during the SPO, are not well established. SPOs may damage components of the anal canal (such as the internal anal sphincter, longitudinal conjoint muscle, or hiatal ligament), either mechanically or via injury to the nerves that supply these organs. The function of the rectum is substantially impaired by resection of the rectum, division of the rectococcygeus muscle, and/or injury of the nervous supply. When the remnant rectum is small and does not function properly, an important functional role may be played by the neorectum, which is usually constructed from the left side of the colon. Hypermotility of the remnant colon may affect the manifestation of urge fecal incontinence. To develop an SPO that minimizes the risk of LARS, the anatomy and physiology of the structures involved in normal defecation need to be understood better. LARS is managed similarly to fecal incontinence. In particular, management should focus on reducing colonic motility when urge fecal incontinence is the dominant symptom.
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30
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Qin Q, Wang L. Neoadjuvant therapy and subsequent treatment in rectal cancer: balance between oncological and functional outcomes. JOURNAL OF THE ANUS RECTUM AND COLON 2018; 2:47-58. [PMID: 31583321 PMCID: PMC6768820 DOI: 10.23922/jarc.2017-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current practice of neoadjuvant therapy and total mesorectal excision (TME) in rectal cancer bears the weakness in systemic disease control and long-term functional outcomes. With increasing concerns of the balance between cure and quality of life, new strategies are developed to better oncological outcomes at least cost of function damage. Attractive options to adjust neoadjuvant modality include escalation of radiotherapy, intensification of chemotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy with consolidation or full-course chemotherapy. Subsequently, organ-preserving strategies have gained the popularity. Surgical or nonsurgical approaches that spare the rectum are used as possible alternatives for radical surgery, though high-quality TME remains the last resort to offer reliable local disease control. This review discusses new strategies of neoadjuvant therapy and subsequent management, with a specific focus on the balance between oncological and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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31
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McCawley N, O'Connell PR. Neuromodulation for low-anterior resection syndrome. COLORECTAL CANCER 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/crc-2017-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh McCawley
- School of Medicine & Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 T6F4, Ireland
- Surgical Professorial Unit & Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Nutley Lane, Dublin D04 T6F4, Ireland
| | - P Ronan O'Connell
- School of Medicine & Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 T6F4, Ireland
- Surgical Professorial Unit & Department of Colorectal Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Nutley Lane, Dublin D04 T6F4, Ireland
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Abstract
Dramatic progress has deeply moved rectal cancer management. Tailoring of treatment allow to select participants according to initial prognostic factors (radiotherapist) or tumoral response (surgeon). Today, this management must keep in mind tumoral initial staging, prognostic at the time of diagnosis, tumoral response and characteristic, and patient's motivation. The result of this patient care is more than oncologic, it is also functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rouanet
- ICM Val-d'Aurelle, 208, rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France.
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