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Dainius E, Vaiciute MK, Parseliunas A, Latkauskas T, Venskutonis D. Surgical treatment of pilonidal disease - Short-term follow up results of minimally invasive pit-picking surgery versus radical excision without suturing: A prospective randomised trial. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31497. [PMID: 38845858 PMCID: PMC11153105 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In this study we compared the potential benefits of surgical treatments for chronic symptomatic pilonidal disease (PD) - minimally invasive pit-picking surgery and radical excision without wound suturing. Materials and methods A total of 100 adult patients with chronic symptomatic PD were enrolled in this study at the Kaunas Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. They were randomly divided into two groups: pit-picking surgery (n = 50) and radical excision with open healing (n = 50). Recurrent PD patients were not excluded. The comparison of the techniques was based on pain within the first postoperative week, failed surgery rates, and wound healing time. Additionally, pain levels at different time intervals following the treatment, analgesic consumption, and time off work, were assessed and compared. Results A total of 89 patients (89 %) were available for follow-up after 6 months. Pain levels the first postoperative week were significantly lower in the pit-picking group compared to the radical excision group, with median scores of 10.0 and 20.0, respectively (p = 0.002). The complete wound healing time was longer in the radical excision group (60 days) versus the pit-picking group (17 days), with a significant difference noted (p = 0.00). No significant difference was observed between the type of surgery and the rate of failed surgery, with 5 (11.9 %) cases in the pit-picking group and 4 (8.5 %) in the radical excision group. Conclusion Based on our short-term findings, minimally invasive pit-picking surgery is a better option regarding pain, wound healing time and failed surgery rate. In cases where this approach is not suitable, other alternatives should be contemplated, as radical surgery without wound suturing should not be employed as a treatment method for PD. Additionally, the relationship between PD and recurrence rates should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvinas Dainius
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Josvainių g. 2, LT-47144, Lithuania
| | | | - Audrius Parseliunas
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Josvainių g. 2, LT-47144, Lithuania
| | - Tadas Latkauskas
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Venskutonis
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Josvainių g. 2, LT-47144, Lithuania
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Lu W, Huang S, Ye H, Xiang S, Zeng X. The application of ERAS in pilonidal sinus: comparison of postoperative recovery between primary suture and Limberg flap procedure in a multicenter prospective randomized trial. Front Surg 2024; 11:1120923. [PMID: 38939076 PMCID: PMC11208466 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1120923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the clinical effect of utilizing a Limberg rhomboid flap graft in conjunction with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols for the management of pilonidal sinus in the sacrococcygeal region to demonstrate the feasibility of applying ERAS to the treatment of pilonidal sinus. Methods Between January 2010 and August 2018, prospective data analysis was undertaken on 109 patients who received surgical treatment for pilonidal sinus in the sacrococcygeal region at the Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital affiliated to Yangtze University, and Taizhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. The patients were randomly separated into two groups based onoperation technique: the control group (pilonidal sinus resection with primary suture) and the observation group (pilonidal sinus resection with Limberg flap graft). Some patients in the above two groups received ERAS after surgery, which included early feeding and early ambulation, etc. Therefore, we further subdivided each group into group A (without ERAS) and group B (with ERAS) according to whether they received ERAS. Comparative analysis was conducted to assess differences in pertinent data before and after surgery across the respective groups. Results The length of postoperative hospitalization was shorter and wound dehiscence was more common in control group B than in control group A [(9.00 ± 1.20) vs. (11.07 ± 1.78), 26.7% (8/30) vs. 7.1% (2/28), P < 0.05]. Observation group B exhibited significantly shorter wound recovery periods and postoperative hospital stays compared to observation group A [(8.08 ± 1.20) vs. (9.16 ± 2.21), (26.23 ± 3.97) vs. (29.08 ± 4.74), P < 0.05]. The hospitalization duration and wound healing time in observation group B were notably shorter than those observed in control group B [(8.08 ± 1.20) vs. (9.00 ± 1.20), [26.23 ± 3.97 vs. (43.67 ± 7.26), P < 0.05], but the operation time was longer and scar acceptance was lower [(78.85 ± 10.16) vs. (43.30 ± 6.06), (4.00 ± 0.69) vs. (7.53 ± 0.86), P < 0.05]. The VAS score, infection rate, wound dehiscence rate, subcutaneous hematoma rate and 5-year recurrence rate in observation group B were lower than those in control group B [(5.00 ± 1.39) vs. (7.13 ± 0.78), 3.8% (1/26) vs. 23.3% (7/30), 3.8% (1/26) vs. 26.7% (8/30), 3.8% (1/26) vs. 26.7%(8/30), 7.7% (2/26) vs. 30.0% (9/30), P < 0.05], but the rate of flap ischemia or necrosis was higher [15.4% (4/26) vs. 0(0/30), P < 0.05]. Conclusion The combination of ERAS with pilonidal sinus resection using Limberg flap graft demonstrated a reduction in infection rates, wound dehiscence, subcutaneous hematoma occurrence, and recurrence rates, along with alleviation of postoperative pain and acceleration of healing time. Comparatively, this approach offers superior advantages over pilonidal sinus resection with primary suture in the management of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Taizhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shang Xiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiangsheng Zeng
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Minneci PC, Asti L, Deans KJ. Analysis of the Laser Epilation in Pilonidal Disease Trial-Reply. JAMA Surg 2024; 159:722. [PMID: 38568604 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Minneci
- Nemours Surgical Outcomes Center, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, Delaware
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Lindsey Asti
- Nemours Surgical Outcomes Center, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, Delaware
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Nemours Surgical Outcomes Center, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, Delaware
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, Delaware
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Tam A, Steen CJ, Chua J, Yap RJ. Pilonidal sinus: an overview of historical and current management modalities. Updates Surg 2024; 76:803-810. [PMID: 38526695 PMCID: PMC11129967 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-024-01799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Pilonidal disease is a common condition that commonly affects the younger adult population and is often seen in both the general practice and the hospital setting. Multiple treatment methods have gained and lost popularity over the last several decades, but more recent intervention principles show promising results. This article details the different methods of managing acute and chronic pilonidal disease ranging from treatments in the primary care setting to those in hospital theatres, with special attention to newer modalities of minimally invasive interventions. As a chronic illness that often affects those of working age, pilonidal disease can confer significant morbidity especially, but not limited to, a substantial amount of time off work. Treatment of chronic disease in particular, has evolved from midline techniques to off-midline techniques, with more recent developments offering promising solutions to reduce acute flare ups and hasten recovery time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tam
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Health, Maroondah Hospital, 1-15 Davey Drive, Ringwood, Victoria, 3135, Australia
| | - Christopher J Steen
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Cabrini Health Australia, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Chua
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Health, Maroondah Hospital, 1-15 Davey Drive, Ringwood, Victoria, 3135, Australia
| | - Raymond J Yap
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Xie C, Zeng R, Yu X. Efficacy of Laser Treatment in Pilonidal Disease: A Single-Arm Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:375-382. [PMID: 38776547 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2024.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to collate all published studies on laser therapy for pilonidal disease and demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive techniques. Methods: A comprehensive literature search, with no language limitations, was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to April 23, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the bias risk of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software (version 5.4). (PROSPERO Registration ID Number CRD42023420803). Results: The analysis included 1214 patients from 13 studies, who fulfilled the pre-defined inclusion criteria. With a median follow-up of 12 (range, 7.8-25) months, 1000 (84.4%) patients achieved healing after primary laser treatment. The mean complication and recurrence rates were 12.7% and 7.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Laser ablation for pilonidal sinus disease is a new minimally invasive technique with good treatment efficacy, low postoperative recovery, and shorter recovery periods following employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Xie
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rou Zeng
- Department of Postgraduate, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuchao Yu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Noviello C, Romano M, Marzuillo P, Andrea R, Papparella A. Unusual position of pilonidal sinus in children may explain its malformative etiology: Case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 116:109444. [PMID: 38430899 PMCID: PMC10944116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pilonidal sinus is a condition that causes inflammation and abscesses in the sacral region and affects adolescents and young adults. The etiology of this condition remains controversial. CASE PRESENTATION A six year old boy was observed to have an orifice in the frontonasal region which contained hair. He had two previous infections which were treated with antibiotics. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed no cranial malformations. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia and the pilonidal sinus was completely excised. At follow-up the child was in good health. CLINICAL DISCUSSION This case in a child with a frontonasal skin anomaly highlights that skin anomalies may be a cause of pilonidal sinus. CONCLUSION Skin malformations can be the underlying cause of pilonidal sinus in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Noviello
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Mercedes Romano
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Pediatrics Unit, Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ronchi Andrea
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Papparella
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Gratiashvili E, Akhmeteli L, Ivanishvili T, Kobadze S, Giorgadze N. Efficacy of laser obliteration with limited excision of pilonidal sinus. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241236057. [PMID: 38530042 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241236057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of laser obliteration with limited excision (LOLE) versus wide excision (WE) of the pilonidal sinus. METHODS A prospective, cross-sectional observational study of 152 patients with chronic pilonidal sinus disease was performed from September 2019 to September 2022. Of the 152 patients, 76 underwent LOLE and 76 underwent WE. The main evaluation criteria were complete wound healing, recurrence, and the complication rate. RESULTS Complete healing was achieved in 74 (97.4%) patients in the LOLE group and 76 (100%) patients in the WE group. The duration of wound healing was significantly shorter in the LOLE group than in the WE group (6.5 ± 2.4 vs. 14.5 ± 2.6 weeks, respectively). Recurrence developed in six (7.9%) patients in the LOLE group and one (1.3%) patient in the WE group, with no significant difference. CONCLUSION According to our study and the data available in the literature, laser surgery should be included in the guidelines for the treatment and management of pilonidal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erekle Gratiashvili
- Department of Surgery, Todua Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Lali Akhmeteli
- Department of Surgery, Todua Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Teimuraz Ivanishvili
- Department of Surgery, Todua Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Salome Kobadze
- Department of Surgery, Todua Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Nodar Giorgadze
- Department of Surgery, Todua Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Cai Z, Zhao Z, Ma Q, Shen C, Jiang Z, Liu C, Liu C, Zhang B. Midline and off-midline wound closure methods after surgical treatment for pilonidal sinus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 1:CD015213. [PMID: 38226663 PMCID: PMC10790338 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015213.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilonidal sinus disease is a common and debilitating condition. Surgical treatment remains the mainstay for managing chronic disease, with options including midline and off-midline wound closure methods. However, the optimal approach remains uncertain. Recent developments in tension-free midline techniques require further exploration. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of midline and off-midline wound closure methods for pilonidal sinus, and to determine the optimal off-midline flap procedures. SEARCH METHODS In June 2022, we searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus EBSCO, and clinical trials registries. We also scanned the reference lists of included studies, as well as reviews, meta-analyses, and health technology reports. We applied no language, publication date, or study setting restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included parallel RCTs involving participants undergoing midline closure without flap techniques and off-midline closure for pilonidal sinus treatment. We excluded quasi-experimental studies and studies that enroled participants presenting with an abscess. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We followed standard Cochrane methodology. The critical outcomes included wound healing (time to wound healing, proportion of wounds healed), recurrence rate, wound infection, wound dehiscence, time to return to work, and quality of life. We assessed biases in these outcomes utilising the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool and appraised evidence certainty via the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 33 studies with 3667 analysed participants. The median or average age of the participants across the included studies ranged from 21.0 to 34.2 years, with a predominant male representation. Geographically, the trials were primarily conducted in the Middle East. We identified nine intervention comparisons. In this abstract, we focus on and present the summarised findings for the three primary comparisons. Off-midline closure versus conventional midline closure Off-midline closure probably reduces the time to wound healing (mean difference (MD) -5.23 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) -7.55 to -2.92 days; 3 studies, 300 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). However, there may be little to no difference between the two methods in the proportion of wounds healed (100% versus 88.5%, risk ratio (RR) 1.13, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.39; 2 studies, 207 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Off-midline closure probably results in lower rates of recurrence (1.5% versus 6.8%, RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.45; 13 studies, 1492 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and wound infection (3.8% versus 11.7%, RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.49; 13 studies, 1568 participants; moderate-certainty evidence), and may lower rates of wound dehiscence (3.9% versus 8.9%, RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.71; 11 studies, 1389 participants; low-certainty evidence). Furthermore, off-midline closure may result in a reduced time to return to work (MD -3.72 days, 95% CI -6.11 to -1.33 days; 6 studies, 820 participants; low-certainty evidence). There were no data available for quality of life. Off-midline closure versus tension-free midline closure Off-midline closure may reduce the time to wound healing (median 14 days in off-midline closure versus 51 days in tension-free midline closure; 1 study, 116 participants; low-certainty evidence) and increase wound healing rates at three months (94.7% versus 76.4%, RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.46; 1 study, 115 participants; low-certainty evidence), but may result in little to no difference in rates of recurrence (5.4% versus 7.8%, RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.61; 6 studies, 551 participants; very low-certainty evidence), wound infection (2.8% versus 6.4%, RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.17; 6 studies, 559 participants; very low-certainty evidence), and wound dehiscence (2.5% versus 3.0%, RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.17 to 3.84; 3 studies, 250 participants; very low-certainty evidence) compared to tension-free midline closure. Furthermore, off-midline closure may result in longer time to return to work compared to tension-free midline closure (MD 3.00 days, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.48 days; 1 study, 60 participants; low-certainty evidence). There were no data available for quality of life. Karydakis flap versus Limberg flap Karydakis flap probably results in little to no difference in time to wound healing compared to Limberg flap (MD 0.36 days, 95% CI -1.49 to 2.22; 6 studies, 526 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Compared to Limberg flap, Karydakis flap may result in little to no difference in the proportion of wounds healed (80.0% versus 66.7%, RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.86; 1 study, 30 participants; low-certainty evidence), recurrence rate (5.1% versus 4.5%, RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.61 to 2.14; 9 studies, 890 participants; low-certainty evidence), wound infection (7.9% versus 5.1%, RR 1.55, 95% CI 0.90 to 2.68; 8 studies, 869 participants; low-certainty evidence), wound dehiscence (7.4% versus 6.2%, RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.41 to 3.50; 7 studies, 776 participants; low-certainty evidence), and time to return to work (MD -0.23 days, 95% CI -5.53 to 5.08 days; 6 studies, 541 participants; low-certainty evidence). There were no data available for quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This Cochrane review examines the midline and off-midline wound closure options for pilonidal sinus, predominantly based on young adult studies. Off-midline flap procedures demonstrate there may be benefits over conventional midline closure for pilonidal sinus, with various off-midline flap techniques. When off-midline flap closures were compared to tension-free midline closure, low-certainty evidence indicated there may be improved wound healing and increased time to return to work for off-midline closure, whilst very low-certainty evidence indicated there may be no evidence of a difference in other outcomes. There may be no evidence of an advantage found amongst the off-midline techniques evaluated. The choice of either procedure is likely to be based on a clinician's preference, experience, patient characteristics, and the patients' preferences. To more accurately determine the benefits and potential harms of these closure techniques, further large-scale and meticulously-designed trials are essential. Specifically, there is a pressing need for more studies addressing the paediatric population, in addition to adult studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics for General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Ma
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Gastric Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics for General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Minneci PC, Gil LA, Cooper JN, Asti L, Nishimura L, Lutz CM, Deans KJ. Laser Epilation as an Adjunct to Standard Care in Reducing Pilonidal Disease Recurrence in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg 2024; 159:19-27. [PMID: 37938854 PMCID: PMC10633416 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance Recurrence continues to be a significant challenge in the treatment and management of pilonidal disease. Objective To compare the effectiveness of laser epilation (LE) as an adjunct to standard care vs standard care alone in preventing recurrence of pilonidal disease in adolescents and young adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a single-institution, randomized clinical trial with 1-year follow-up conducted from September 2017 to September 2022. Patients aged 11 to 21 years with pilonidal disease were recruited from a single tertiary children's hospital. Intervention LE and standard care (improved hygiene and mechanical or chemical depilation) or standard care alone. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the rate of recurrence of pilonidal disease at 1 year. Secondary outcomes assessed during the 1-year follow-up included disability days, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), health care satisfaction, disease-related attitudes and perceived stigma, and rates of procedures, surgical excisions, and postoperative complications. Results A total of 302 participants (median [IQR] age, 17 [15-18] years; 157 male [56.1%]) with pilonidal disease were enrolled; 151 participants were randomly assigned to each intervention group. One-year follow-up was available for 96 patients (63.6%) in the LE group and 134 (88.7%) in the standard care group. The proportion of patients who experienced a recurrence within 1 year was significantly lower in the LE treatment arm than in the standard care arm (-23.2%; 95% CI, -33.2 to -13.1; P < .001). Over 1 year, there were no differences between groups in either patient or caregiver disability days, or patient- or caregiver-reported HRQOL, health care satisfaction, or perceived stigma at any time point. The LE group had significantly higher Child Attitude Toward Illness Scores (CATIS) at 6 months (median [IQR], 3.8 [3.4-4.2] vs 3.6 [3.2-4.1]; P = .01). There were no differences between groups in disease-related health care utilization, disease-related procedures, or postoperative complications. Conclusions and Relevance LE as an adjunct to standard care significantly reduced 1-year recurrence rates of pilonidal disease compared with standard care alone. These results provide further evidence that LE is safe and well tolerated in patients with pilonidal disease. LE should be considered a standard treatment modality for patients with pilonidal disease and should be available as an initial treatment option or adjunct treatment modality for all eligible patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03276065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington
| | - Lindsay A. Gil
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Jennifer N. Cooper
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lindsey Asti
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Leah Nishimura
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Carley M. Lutz
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Katherine J. Deans
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children’s Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington
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Pan Y, Hao S, Qin Q, Dong Q, Yin L, Wang C. Bascom II combined with VSD treatment involving the preservation of tissue bridges for recurrent complex pilonidal sinuses with a literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2024; 114:109108. [PMID: 38064859 PMCID: PMC10757027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.109108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For patients with large and deep-seated recurrent complex pilonidal sinuses, the use of traditional open excision or flap reconstruction surgery may lead to high surgical difficulty, significant local damage, numerous complications, slow healing, and a high risk of recurrence. This article reports a case of recurrent complex pilonidal sinus and discusses the advantages of Bascom II combined with VSD treatment involving the preservation of tissue bridges. CASE PRESENTATION The patient, a 31-year-old male, presented with recurrent swelling, pain, and purulent discharge from the sacrococcygeal region for over a year. Upon physical examination, extensive lumps and sinus tracts were observed in the lumbosacral tail area, with the lesion extending from L4 to the tip of the coccyx. Under general anesthesia, a segmental resection was performed, and the lumbosacral mass lesion was excised, preserving normal tissue bridges. The mature sinus tract at the upper part of the coccyx was removed, and Bascom II reconstruction surgery was performed. In the late stage at the site of lumbar sacral lesion excision, VSD was applied to promote wound healing. DISCUSSION The combination of Bascom II with lesion tunnel-like removal can reduce the damage, elevate gluteal cleft, and lower the recurrence rate. Subsequently, with the addition of VSD, it can accelerate the elimination of necrotic tissue, reduce infection risk, and expedite wound healing. CONCLUSION This case explores the advantages and characteristics of combining various techniques in the treatment of recurrent complex pilonidal sinuses, emphasizes the utility of VSD as an adjunctive therapy for large lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuang Hao
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingjun Dong
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lixin Yin
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Huurman EA, Galema HA, de Raaff CAL, Wijnhoven BPL, Toorenvliet BR, Smeenk RM. Non-excisional techniques for the treatment of intergluteal pilonidal sinus disease: a systematic review. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:1191-1200. [PMID: 37930579 PMCID: PMC10638206 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-excisional techniques for pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) have gained popularity over the last years. The aim of this study was to review short and long-term outcomes for non-excisional techniques with special focus on the additive effect of treatment of the inner lining of the sinus cavity and the difference between primary and recurrent PSD. A systematic search was conducted in Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases for studies on non-excisional techniques for PSD including pit picking techniques with or without additional laser or phenol treatment, unroofing, endoscopic techniques and thrombin gelatin matrix application. Outcomes were recurrence rates, healing rates, complication rates, wound healing times and time taken to return to daily activities. In total, 31 studies comprising 8100 patients were included. Non-excisional techniques had overall healing rates ranging from 67 to 100%. Recurrence rates for pit picking, unroofing and gelatin matrix application varied from 0 to 16% depending on the follow-up time. Recurrence rates after additional laser, phenol and endoscopic techniques varied from 0 to 29%. Complication rates ranged from 0 to 16%, and the wound healing time was between three and forty-seven days. The return to daily activities varied from one to nine days. Non-excisional techniques are associated with fast recovery and low morbidity but recurrence rates are high. Techniques that attempt to additionally treat the inner lining of the sinus have worse recurrence rates than pit picking alone. Recurrence rates do not differ between primary and recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Huurman
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - H A Galema
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C A L de Raaff
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B P L Wijnhoven
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B R Toorenvliet
- Department of Surgery, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R M Smeenk
- Department of Surgery, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Zhuang Y, Feng WZ. Platelet-rich plasma for pilonidal disease: a systematic review. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231216590. [PMID: 38141657 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231216590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for treatment of pilonidal disease (PD) and thus provide a reference for clinical application. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed and the Cochrane Library was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We considered all studies that reported the use of PRP for treatment of PD. Extracted data included the first author's name, year of publication, study type, number of included patients, inclusion and exclusion criteria, interventions, anesthesia, application of PRP (source, preparation, dose, and operation), antibiotics, follow-up time, therapeutic outcomes, and adverse events. RESULTS In total, eight randomized controlled trials and one prospective cohort study involving 809 patients were included. PRP reduced pain, accelerated healing, and reduced adverse events. The application of combined minimally invasive surgery achieved better results. However, overfilling of the wound with PRP in minimally invasive surgeries was shown to potentially increase the risk of adverse events. CONCLUSION PRP can be used as an adjuvant treatment in PD surgery to improve the therapeutic effect and reduce adverse events. The optimal combination of PRP and various factors is an important direction of future research.INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2023100070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Feng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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13
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Liu X, Zhao X, Shen G, Fan S, Xu J, Fan Z, Li K. Effect of sinus resection combined with vacuum-assisted closure on sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3474-3482. [PMID: 37218401 PMCID: PMC10588358 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the effect of sinus removal combined with vacuum-assisted closure in the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus. From January 2019 to May 2022, 62 patients with sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus were treated and their information was collected at our hospital. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: an observation group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 30). The control group underwent a simple sinus resection and suture, while the observation group received a sinus resection combined with closed negative pressure drainage of the wound. A retrospective analysis of the data obtained was conducted. Perioperative indicators, clinical efficacy, postoperative pain, complications, aesthetic effects, and satisfaction scores at six months after the operation were compared between the two groups, and the recurrence rate at six months after the operation was recorded. Through this study, we found that the observation group had significantly shorter surgery time, hospital stay, and return time compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the observation group had a higher overall recurrence rate (ORR) of 100.00%, which was significantly better than the control group's ORR of 86.67% (P < 0.05). The visual analog scale (VAS) score at 6, 12, and 24 h after the operation was significantly lower in the observation group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Although the differences were not significant (P > 0.05), the observation group had decreased white blood cell, neutrophil, and C-reactive protein levels after the operation. Moreover, the total occurrence rate of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower (6.25%) than that of the control group (26.67%; P < 0.05). The observation group also had significantly lower scores on the postoperative scar scale and higher satisfaction scores than the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the postoperative recurrence rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Our study demonstrated that sinus resection combined with vacuum-assisted closure was more effective in treating sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus compared with simple sinus resection and suture. This approach significantly reduced surgery time, hospital stay, and return time. It also effectively relieved postoperative pain, reduced the occurrence of postoperative complications, resulted in smaller postoperative scars, and yielded better aesthetic outcomes and higher patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Shen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shuwen Fan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Fan
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouPeople's Republic of China
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14
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Gallo G, Goglia M, Senapati A, Pata F, Basso L, Grossi U. An international survey exploring the management of pilonidal disease. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:2177-2186. [PMID: 37794562 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pilonidal disease (PD) is a common debilitating condition frequently seen in surgical practice. Several available treatments carry different benefit/risk balances. The aim of this study was to snapshot the current management of PD across European countries. METHOD Members affiliated to the European Society of Coloproctology were invited to join the survey. An invitation was extended to others via social media. The predictive power of respondents' and hospitals' demographics on the change of therapeutic approach was explored. RESULTS Respondents (n = 452) were mostly men (77%), aged 26-60 years, practising in both academic and public hospitals and with fair distribution between colorectal (51%) and general (48%) surgeons. A total of 331 (73%) respondents recommended surgery at first presentation of the disease. Up to 80% of them recommended antibiotic therapy and 95% did not use any classification of PD. A primary closure technique was the preferred procedure (29%), followed by open technique (22%), flap creation (7%), sinusectomy (7%) and marsupialization (7%). Approximately 27% of subjects would choose the same surgical technique even after a failure. Almost half (46%) perform surgery as office based. A conservative approach was negatively associated with acutely presenting PD (p < 0.001). Respondents who were not considering tailored surgery based on patient presentation tended to change their approach in the case of a failed procedure. CONCLUSION With the caveat of a heterogeneous number of respondents across countries, the results of our snapshot survey may inform the development of future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Goglia
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, St Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pata
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Basso
- Department of Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Grossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-DISCOG, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Surgery Unit 2, Regional Hospital Treviso, AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
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15
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Lee MJ, Strong EB, Lund J, Hind D, Brown SR. A survey of treatment preferences of UK surgeons in the treatment of pilonidal sinus disease. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:2010-2016. [PMID: 37583061 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM Pilonidal sinus is a common surgical condition which impacts a young and economically active population. There are limited data to guide treatment in this condition. The aim of this work was to assess current practice. METHOD A survey was developed as part of the PITSTOP study. It included questions on volume of practice, treatment preferences and training. The survey was delivered to consultant surgeons with a UK practice through social media, specialty surgical societies and through PITSTOP sites. Descriptive statistics were reported. RESULTS Of the 200 people who received a link to the questionnaire, 109 completed it (response rate 54.5%). Respondents treated a median of 15 patients per year, with 20% of these having recurrent disease. Estimates of recurrence were higher than reported in the literature and higher than in a survey 10 years ago. Nearly 50% of surgeons advocate nonsurgical treatment in some patients despite limited evidence. Two thirds practised interventions not favoured by guidelines, including excision and leave open and midline closure techniques. Invasive procedures tended to be favoured when minimally invasive procedures may be appropriate. Surgical training programmes were the key training setting for commonly offered procedures, with few other training opportunities reported. For some procedures, no formal training had been given. CONCLUSION This survey highlights issues with quality in pilonidal surgery in the UK, with persistence of potentially outdated techniques, no consistent treatment escalation plan, a suggestion of under- or overtreatment of disease and a high perception of failure. This may relate to the current system of training and lack of evidence-based guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lee
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Directorate of General Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emily B Strong
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Dan Hind
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Steven R Brown
- Directorate of General Surgery, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
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16
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Luna-Abanto J, Galvez A, Biondo S. Upgrading pilonidal sinus unroofing and curettage: Introducing the potential of wound negative-pressure therapy. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:2105-2106. [PMID: 37674348 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luna-Abanto
- General and Digestive System Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Galvez
- General and Digestive System Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastiano Biondo
- General and Digestive System Surgery Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Bilgin IA, Tanal M, Ramoglu N, Ozben V, Sahin I, Aghayeva A, Sahar AA, Saylik O, Baca B, Hamzaoglu I, Karahasanoglu T. Short- and mid-term results of diode laser treatment in pilonidal sinus disease and the role of endoscopic camera use on outcomes. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:921-928. [PMID: 37356014 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nowadays, surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) with novel techniques is a topic of interest since conventional methods are associated with longer return to daily life and higher complication and recurrence rates. Recently, use of laser as a minimally invasive approach has become popular in the surgical treatment of PSD. In this study, we analyze the short- and mid-term results after laser treatment and the effect of endoscopic camera use on outcomes. METHODS A total of 106 patients with PSD who underwent laser treatment between November 2017 and September 2021 were included in this study. All patients were treated with a 1470-nm diode laser. Endoscopic camera was used in 73 patients and results of these were compared with those in whom camera was not used. Follow-up period was determined as a minimum of 1 year. Data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS There were 80 (75%) male and 26 female patients. The median age was 26 (range 13-50) years. On the first postoperative day, 26 (26.5%) patients did not have any pain and 42(42.8%) patients reported low-grade pain. The mean time to return to daily life was 4.5 ± 5.5 (median 2, range 1-30) days. The complication rate was 10.4%. Eighty-six (87.8%) patients completely recovered and the mean complete recovery time was 27.4 ± 15.9 days. The patient satisfaction rate was 99.0%. The recurrence rate was 11.0%. Neither history of previous surgery nor abscess was associated with recurrence. Use of an endoscopic camera had no effect on postoperative pain, complete recovery, complications, patient satisfaction, and recurrence (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Laser treatment for PSD is a promising approach with the advantages of less postoperative pain, early return to daily life, high patient satisfaction, and acceptable complication and recurrence rates. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to investigate the role of endoscopic camera use in this procedure since its possible advantages could not be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Bilgin
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - M Tanal
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Ramoglu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - V Ozben
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I Sahin
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Aghayeva
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A A Sahar
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - O Saylik
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Baca
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I Hamzaoglu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Karahasanoglu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Walker H, Hamid O, Ramirez J, Glancy D. Diagnosis and management of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease in primary care. BMJ 2023; 382:e071511. [PMID: 37696569 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish Walker
- Gloucestershire Royal Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Osama Hamid
- Gloucestershire Royal Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Jozel Ramirez
- Gloucestershire Royal Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucestershire, UK
| | - Damian Glancy
- Gloucestershire Royal Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucestershire, UK
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Maasewerd SKM, Stefanescu MC, König TT, Engels MN, Rohleder S, Schwind M, Heydweiller AC, Oetzmann von Sochaczewski C. Paediatric Pilonidal Sinus Disease: Early Recurrences Irrespective of the Treatment Approaches in a Retrospective Multi-centric Analysis. World J Surg 2023; 47:2296-2303. [PMID: 37204438 PMCID: PMC10387461 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-023-07045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidences of pilonidal sinus disease are rising. Guidelines rarely consider children and adolescents and evidence for their treatment is rare. The literature is divided on the choice of the preferable surgical procedure. Therefore, we aimed to assess recurrences and complications following different treatment approaches in our multi-centric cohort. METHODS We retrospectively assessed all patients treated for pilonidal sinus disease in the paediatric surgical departments of Bonn and Mainz between 01/01/2009 and 31/12/2020. Recurrences were defined according to the German national guidelines. The pre-specified analysis via logistic regression included the operative approach, age, sex, use of methylene blue, and obesity as independent predictors. RESULTS We included 213 patients, of which 13.6% experienced complications and 16% a recurrence. Median time to recurrence was 5.8 months (95% confidence interval: 4.2-10.3), which was slightly higher in children than adolescents (10.3 months, 95% confidence interval: 5.3-16.2 vs. 5.5 months, 95% confidence interval: 3.7-9.7). None of the investigated procedures, excision and primary closure, excision and open wound treatment, pit picking, and flap procedures had a decisive advantage in terms of complications or recurrence. Of the independent predictors, only obesity was associated to complications (adjusted odds ratio: 2.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-7.79, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS We did not find a difference between the investigated procedures, but our analysis is limited by the small sample size in some subgroups. Our data corroborates that recurrences in paediatric pilonidal sinus disease occur early. Factors linked to these differences remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K M Maasewerd
- Klinik für Kinderchirurgie, St. Marien Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Sektion Kinderchirurgie der Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Tatjana T König
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie N Engels
- Sektion Kinderchirurgie der Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Rohleder
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Schwind
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas C Heydweiller
- Klinik für Kinderchirurgie, St. Marien Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Sektion Kinderchirurgie der Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Oetzmann von Sochaczewski
- Sektion Kinderchirurgie der Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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20
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Wu P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Fan Z. Progress in the surgical treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus: a review. Int J Surg 2023; 109:2388-2403. [PMID: 37158142 PMCID: PMC10442091 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pilonidal sinus (PS) is an acquired disease resulting from recurrent infections and chronic inflammation. A PS involving the sacrococcyx is referred to as a sacrococcygeal PS (SPS). An SPS is a rare chronic infectious disease for which surgery is a good choice. The incidence of SPS has gradually increased worldwide in recent years. However, surgeons have not reached a consensus on the preferred surgical approach for SPS. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze differences in the efficacy of different surgical approaches for the treatment of SPS. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed database covering the period from 1 January 2003, to 28 February 2023. The primary outcome parameters were recurrence and infection. Finally, statistical analysis (meta-analysis) was carried out using RevMan 5.4.1 software. In addition, we systematically reviewed the latest progress in the surgical treatment of SPS over the past 20 years, especially as reported in the past 3 years. RESULTS Twenty-seven articles, 54 studies, and 3612 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The recurrence rate following the midline closure (MC) technique was much higher than that of other techniques. Among the techniques analyzed, the differences between MC and Limberg flap (LF), and between MC and marsupialization were statistically significant [ P =0.0002, risk ratio (RR)=6.15, 95% CI 2.40, 15.80; P =0.01, RR=12.70, 95% CI 1.70, 95.06]. The recurrence rate of open healing was higher than that of the Karydakis flap (KF) technique, and the difference was statistically significant ( P =0.02, RR=6.04, 95% CI 1.37, 26.55). Most of the results comparing MC with other techniques suggested that the former had a higher infection rate, and the difference between MC and LF was statistically significant ( P =0.0005, RR=4.14, 95% CI 1.86, 9.23). Comparison between KF and LF, modified LF and KF showed that the differences were not statistically significant in terms of recurrence and infection ( P ≥0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are various surgical treatment options for SPS, including incision and drainage, excision of diseased tissue with primary closure and secondary healing, and minimally invasive surgery. It is still not possible to determine which surgical technique should be considered the gold standard for treatment, as even the results of different researchers using the same operation method are conflicting. But what is certain is that the midline closure technique has a much higher incidence of postoperative recurrence and infection than other techniques. Therefore, the anorectal surgeon should formulate the most suitable individualized plan for the patient based on a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's wishes, appearance of the SPS, and the professional ability of the surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yewei Zhang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian
| | - Zhe Fan
- Department of General Surgery
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases Research, The Third People’s Hospital of Daliana
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Abstract
Importance The management of pilonidal disease continues to be a challenge due to high rates of recurrence and treatment-associated morbidity. Observations There is a heterogeneous repertoire of treatment modalities used in the management of pilonidal disease and wide practice variation among clinicians. Available treatment options vary considerably in their level of invasiveness, associated morbidity and disability, risks of complications, and effectiveness at preventing disease recurrence. Conservative nonoperative management strategies, including persistent improved hygiene, depilation, and lifestyle modification, focus on disease prevention and minimization of disease activity. Epilation techniques using both laser and intense pulse light therapy are also used as primary and adjunct treatment modalities. Other nonoperative treatment modalities include phenol and fibrin injection to promote closure of pilonidal sinuses. The traditional operative management strategy for pilonidal disease involves excision of affected tissue paired with a variety of closure types including primary midline closure, primary off-midline closure techniques (ie, Karydakis flap, Limberg flap, Bascom cleft lift), and healing by secondary intention. There has been a recent shift toward more minimally invasive operative approaches including sinusectomy (ie, trephination or Gips procedure) and endoscopic approaches. Overall, the current evidence supporting the different treatment options is limited by study quality with inconsistent characterization of disease severity and use of variable definitions and reporting of treatment-associated outcomes across studies. Conclusions and Relevance Pilonidal disease is associated with significant physical and psychosocial morbidity. Optimal treatments will minimize disease and treatment-associated morbidity. There is a need for standardization of definitions used to characterize pilonidal disease and its outcomes to develop evidence-based treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Gil
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Department of Surgery, Nemours Children's Health, Delaware Valley, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
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22
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Turan UF, Coban S, Akin T, Berkem H, Yuksel BC, Er S. Bilaterally parallel elliptic flap versus Karydakis flap in primary pilonidal sinus disease: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 2023; 38:176. [PMID: 37351640 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-023-04475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pilonidal sinus disease is a disease that especially affects the young population and causes loss of workforce. Although many treatment methods have been defined, there is still no "gold standard" treatment method. Our objective was to evaluate the postoperative results of bilateral parallel elliptical flap and Karydakis flap in the surgical treatment of pilonidal sinus. METHODS This study was conducted at the Colorectal Surgery Department of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital. It designed a prospective randomized controlled study. Patients that underwent surgery due to pilonidal sinus were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Surgery was performed with the bilateral parallel elliptical flap (BPEF) technique in one group and the Karydakis flap (KF) technique in the other group. Postoperative pain, length of hospital stay, wound complications, time taken to return to work/school, and recurrence incidence were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 102 patients were included in the study, 49 in the BPEF group and 53 in the KF group. The length of hospital stay was similar in the BPEF and KF groups (1.41 ± 0.81 and 1.45 ± 0.84, respectively; p > 0.05). There was less postoperative pain in the BPEF group (2.47 ± 1.02 vs 3.57 ± 1.10, p < 0.05). Wound complications were observed in nine patients in the BPEF group (18.2%) and 14 patients in the KF group (26.2%). The time to return to work/school was shorter in the BPEF group (21.06 ± 6.37 vs 27.04 ± 7.45; p < 0.05). Recurrence developed in two (4%) patients in the BPEF group and three (5.6%) patients in the KF group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The patients who underwent surgery with the bilateral parallel elliptical flap technique had less pain and a shorter time to return to work/school after the operation. The postoperative complication and recurrence rates were similar in both groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05851690. (5/11/2023) (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Fırat Turan
- Department of General Surgery, Istanbul Atlas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serdar Coban
- Department of General Surgery, Yuksekova State Hospital, Hakkari, Turkey
| | - Tezcan Akin
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Berkem
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sadettin Er
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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Iesalnieks I. [Is Pit Picking Surgery the Standard of Treatment for Uncomplicated Pilonidal Disease?]. Zentralbl Chir 2023; 148:254-258. [PMID: 37267980 DOI: 10.1055/a-2044-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery for pilonidal disease was first described in 1965, but it has only become widespread in the last two decades. The present manuscript discusses the technique of pit picking surgery, its variations, indications, alternatives and the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igors Iesalnieks
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Ev. Krankenhaus Köln-Kalk, Köln, Deutschland
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24
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Ng-Wong YK, Alexander B, Bartl M, Loftis CE, Hammad D, Dulgheru EC, De La Garza M, Nunez AC. Deeper Seated Than Skin Deep: Report of a Rare Case of Follicular Occlusion Tetrad and a Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e39474. [PMID: 37362514 PMCID: PMC10290440 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular occlusion tetrad (FOT) is a clinical syndrome consisting of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), acne conglobata (AC), dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS), and pilonidal cyst (PC). These entities typically occur independently, but occasionally present simultaneously comprising FOT. The four components share similar pathophysiology affecting the apocrine glands, follicular hyperkeratinization being the hallmark of each entity. Understanding shared similarities of each disease is paramount for the treatment approach as the relapsing and chronic nature of this syndrome can be burdening to patients. We present the case of a 22-year-old obese Hispanic man with a history of tobacco use who presented with worsening skin lesions. The patient developed extensive facial cystic acne 5 years before presentation, followed by left axillary hidradenitis suppurativa lesions two years before the presentation and right axillary involvement one year after. Skin manifestations then expanded to include the lower back, gluteal and perineal areas. The patient was diagnosed with FOT and despite conservative medical management, his lesions failed to improve. He ultimately underwent multiple staged excisional debridement surgeries and skin grafts. Our case underlines the presence of a syndromic association of cutaneous lesions that share a common pathogenesis and emphasizes that this entity requires a multidisciplinary approach. New biologic therapies continue to emerge and may potentially prevent the need for surgical intervention and the burden associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilen K Ng-Wong
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA
| | - Blesset Alexander
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA
| | - Mery Bartl
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA
| | - Christine E Loftis
- Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, USA
| | - Dina Hammad
- Rheumatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Mauricio De La Garza
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Institute, Doctors Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, USA
| | - Aidee C Nunez
- Plastic Surgery, Doctors Hospital at Renaissance, Edinburg, USA
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25
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Li Z, Jin L, Gong T, Qin K, Cui C, Wang Z, Wu J. An effective and considerable treatment of pilonidal sinus disease by laser ablation. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:82. [PMID: 36856904 PMCID: PMC9977879 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is still challenging. Although many non-surgical and surgical methods exist, no consensus has been reached on the best treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laser ablation using 1470-nm radial diode laser fiber in treating SPD. We retrospectively studied the data of our 48 patients who operated on this technique between March 2019 and July 2022. All patients were treated with laser ablation using 1470-nm radial diode laser fiber. The healing rate and recurrence rate, demographic and surgical data, postoperative pain, complications (wound infection, wound bleeding), the time of returning to regular work and life, and the time of wound healing were recorded. Postoperative pain was measured based on the visual analog scale (VAS) score. Postoperative follow-up was performed in the outpatient clinic every 1 week for 1 month. Among the 48 patients, 41 males and 7 females, with a mean age of 27.7 years (range 14-42), the healing rate was 100%, and the average healing time was 28.3 ± 5.5 days. Mean operative time was 15.5 ± 3.3 min. The recurrence rate was 2.1%. One patient relapsed 3 months after the operation. The patient underwent laser ablation again, and the sinus tract was closed. The median visual analog scale (VAS) score on the day of operation was 0(0,2). The median VAS score on the first, third, seventh, and fourteenth day after operation was 0(0,2), 0(0,1), 0(0,1), and 0(0,0), respectively. There was no wound infection or bleeding after the operation. The mean time to normal work/life was 7.1 ± 3.2 days. Almost all the patients felt very satisfied with the operation. Laser ablation using 1470-nm radial diode laser fiber is effective in SPD treatment. It is associated with minor wounds and mild postoperative pain. It is a simple, safe, and minimally invasive technique and its clinical application for acute and chronic SPD in the absence of abscess is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Li
- Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Tianyun Gong
- Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Kaijian Qin
- Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Jiong Wu
- Department of Coloproctology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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26
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Adjei NN, Yung N, Towers G, Caty M, Solomon D, Vash-Margita A. Establishing an Association between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Pilonidal Disease in Adolescent Females. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2023; 36:39-44. [PMID: 35995086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether pilonidal disease (PD) is associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent females. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study SETTING: Urban tertiary children's hospital PARTICIPANTS: All girls aged 12 to 21 who received a diagnosis of PD and/or PCOS from 2012 to 2019 INTERVENTIONS: Treatment for PCOS and PD MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The variables analyzed included age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, age at menarche, tobacco use, payer status, treatment of PCOS and PD, and serum markers of hyperandrogenism and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS During the study period, 100,043 patients presented to an urban tertiary medical center. Of these patients, 966 were diagnosed with PD, and 219 were diagnosed with both PD and PCOS. Compared with patients with only PD, patients with both diagnoses had a higher body mass index (31.4 vs 27.4 kg/m2; P < .01) and were older (18.76 vs 18.30 years; P = .003). The prevalence ratio for patients with PD having PCOS per the original Rotterdam criteria was 26.1 (CI, 22.0-31.0) and 28.7 (CI, 24.3-33.9) for having PCOS per the modified Rotterdam criteria. Patients with both diagnoses were less likely to receive intervention for PD (OR = 0.22; CI, 0.13-0.37; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent females diagnosed with PD are likely to demonstrate features of PCOS. PCOS treatment could positively alter the disease course of PD. As such, surgical providers should consider referring adolescent females with PD to endocrinologists, gynecologists, and adolescent medicine specialists for evaluation of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi N Adjei
- Yale New Haven Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut.
| | - Nicholas Yung
- Yale New Haven Hospital, Department of Surgery, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Michael Caty
- Yale New Haven Hospital, Department of Surgery, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel Solomon
- Yale New Haven Hospital, Department of Surgery, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alla Vash-Margita
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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27
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Johnson DE, Granville R, Lovett E, Runau F, Chaudhri S. Pilonidal sinus laser-assisted closure (PiLAC) - a low-morbidity alternative to excision with excellent long-term outcomes. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:132-135. [PMID: 35446708 PMCID: PMC9889171 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrence after surgery for pilonidal sinus disease is a recognised problem and patients often re-present months after discharge. We routinely treat primary and recurrent pilonidal sinus disease with Pilonidal sinus Laser-Assisted Closure (PiLAC). Long-term outcomes following PiLAC surgery was examined following clinical and telephone review. METHODS All patients undergoing PiLAC as a day-case between April 2016 and July 2019 were included. Patients were followed up in a nurse-led clinic until complete healing or recurrence. A prospective database and retrospective audit of notes combined with longer-term follow-up by telephone were used. RESULTS A total of 35 patients underwent PiLAC, median age 28 (18-53 years), 28 males:7 females. A total of 28 patients had long-term (>60 days) follow-up, mean 407 days (range 67-887 days); 25/28 patients (89.3%) had healed with no recurrence on long-term follow-up. Of these 28 patients, 11 were first presentation of pilonidal disease and underwent PiLAC as their first treatment, with a 91% heal rate long term. A total of 15 patients had seton drainage prior to PiLAC, with a 93% heal rate versus no seton (83%). Fisher's exact test showed no significant difference between sex, new/recurrent pilonidal disease and seton placement (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Healing after PiLAC for the treatment of primary and recurrent pilonidal sinus disease is preserved with excellent long-term outcomes. We recommend it as an alternative to surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- DE Johnson
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - R Granville
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - E Lovett
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - F Runau
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
| | - S Chaudhri
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, UK
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28
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Odlo M, Horn J, Xanthoulis A. Surgery for pilonidal sinus disease in Norway: training, attitudes and preferences-a survey among Norwegian surgeons. BMC Surg 2022; 22:442. [PMID: 36575391 PMCID: PMC9795610 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is frequently observed in young adults. There is no wide consensus on optimal treatment in the literature, and various procedures are used in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess current practice, experience, training, and attitudes towards PSD surgery among Norwegian surgeons. METHODS An online survey on PSD surgery was created and sent to all members of the Norwegian Surgical Association. Categorical data were reported as frequencies and percentages. RESULTS Most currently practicing Norwegian surgeons used the Bascom's cleft lift (93.2%) or minimally invasive procedures (55.4%). Midline excisions with primary closure (19.7%) or secondary healing (22.4%) were still used by some surgeons, though. Most surgeons had received training in PSD surgery supervised by a specialist, but only about half of them felt sufficiently trained. The surgeons generally performed few PSD operations per year. Many considered PSD as a condition of low surgical status and this patient group as underprioritized. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PSD surgery in Norway has been moving away from midline excisions and towards off-midline flap procedures and minimally invasive techniques. PSD and its treatment have a low status among many Norwegian surgeons. This study calls for attention to this underprioritized group of patients and shows the need for consensus in PSD treatment such as development of national guidelines in Norway. Further investigation on training in PSD and the role of supervision is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Odlo
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julie Horn
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.414625.00000 0004 0627 3093Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Athanasios Xanthoulis
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.414625.00000 0004 0627 3093Department of Surgery, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
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29
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Ulusoy C, Nikolovski A. Factors affecting the success of crystallized phenol treatment in sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31934. [PMID: 36550830 PMCID: PMC9771332 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 2 mainstays of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) treatment: non-operative and surgical. None of them was superior, and it was associated with some degree of recurrence. Crystallized phenol treatment is a non-operative procedure performed in outpatient settings. This retrospective study aimed to asses crystallized phenol treatment in patients with primary and recurrent SPD and the factors that influence disease recurrence. A total of 92 patients were included and followed up. Crystallized phenol was administered in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia. All demographic, patient, sinus features, procedure and outcome data were recorded and analyzed for treatment success and factors for recurrence were identified. Between January 2019 and December 2021, 92 patients (77 male and 15 female) with a mean age of 28.4 were treated with 1, 2, or 3 doses of crystallized phenol. Recurrence rate after the procedure was 20.7%. Univariate regression analysis showed that the grade of hirsutism, initial presence of abscess, pit number and number of showers per week had statistically significant effect on recurrence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis pointed on the hirsutism grade (P = .008) and the number of pit openings (P = .003) as a statistically significant factors for recurrence. Crystallized phenol application for primary and recurrent SPD is safe, inexpensive and efficient non-operative method with few minor complications, even when is repeated. Factors responsible for the recurrence of the procedure are grade of hirsutism and sinus pit number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Ulusoy
- Department of General Surgery, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşçioğlu Şehir Hastanesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrej Nikolovski
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Clinic of Surgery “Sv. Naum Ohridski” Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
- * Correspondence: Andrej Nikolovski, Department of Visceral Surgery, University Clinic of Surgery “Sv. Naum Ohridski” Skopje, Bul. 11 Oktomvri 53, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia (e-mail: )
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30
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Sinus pilonidalis. COLOPROCTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00053-022-00657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Konstantinou MP, Bouznad A, Jendoubi F, Hegazy S, Mouttalib S, Chaput B, Cristina Bulai-Livideanu PC. Efficacy of Alexandrite laser in the prevention of recurrences of pilonidal sinus disease. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Oliveira L, Galindo GFHR, Silva-Velazco JD. Benign Anorectal Disorder Management in Low-Resource Settings. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2022; 35:376-389. [PMID: 36111076 PMCID: PMC9470292 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There are many benign anorectal disorders, which can make patients seek care. In low-resource settings, the incidence of those pathologies is not different from the industrialized and western world. However, an interesting difference colorectal surgeons and gastroenterologists can face is the fact that many patients do not seek help or are not aware and have little opportunities to be helped. Latin America population is estimated to be around 8% of the world population, with Brazil having the largest percentage. Infectious diseases, which were previously under control or were steadily declining, have emerged. For example, we have seen resurgence of dengue, malaria, and syphilis in pregnancy, as well as other sexually transmitted diseases that can affect the anorectal region. In this article, we will address the most common benign anorectal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Oliveira
- Department of Anorectal Physiology of Rio de Janeiro, Ipanema Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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33
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Introduction: In pursuit of the ideal treatment for pilonidal disease. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scrs.2022.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Persistent pilonidal disease: What to do when your initial surgery fails? SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scrs.2022.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Pilonidal disease: A new look at an old disease. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scrs.2022.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Surgery for uncomplicated pilonidal disease: simpler is better. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scrs.2022.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Tatar C, Gorgun E. The Limberg flap repair for complex and recurrent pilonidal disease. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scrs.2022.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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38
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Collings AT, Rymeski B. Updates on the Management of Pilonidal Disease. Adv Pediatr 2022; 69:231-241. [PMID: 35985713 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the current practices and evidence on the management of pilonidal disease in the pediatric population. Medical management, use of laser epilation, and minimally invasive surgical options are highlighted with a brief review of more invasive surgical options for refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia T Collings
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson Hall 125, Indianapolis, IN 46203, USA
| | - Beth Rymeski
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2023, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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39
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Villanueva MEP, Monroy HJ, Lopez MPJ, Reyes JASR, Cabantac RR, Hernal M, Cueto MACA. Management of pilonidal disease in colorectal surgery training programs in the Philippines. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scrs.2022.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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40
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Gallo G, Milone M, La Torre M, Basso L. Editorial: Management and Treatment of Pilonidal Disease: 189 Years After Mayo. Front Surg 2022; 9:950793. [PMID: 36034357 PMCID: PMC9407246 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.950793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Gallo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, La Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: Gaetano Gallo
| | - Marco Milone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, “Federico II” University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco La Torre
- Coloproctology Unit, Salvator Mundi International Hospital, UPMC University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Basso
- “Pietro Valdoni” Department of Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Roma, Roma, Italy
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Cai Z, Zhao Z, Ma Q, Shen C, Jiang Z, Liu C, Liu C, Zhang B. Midline and off-midline wound closure methods after surgical treatment for pilonidal sinus. Hippokratia 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd015213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolun Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhou Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Chaoyong Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy; West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center; West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Sanya People's Hospital/West China (Sanya) Hospital, Sichuan University; Sanya China
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42
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Nasseri Y, Oka K, Soliman J, Kasheri E, Zhu R, Cohen J, Barnajian M. Bilateral Gluteal Fasciocutaneous Advancement Flaps With and Without Tie-Over Sutures in Treatment of Chronic Pilonidal Disease: A Prospective Case Series. Am Surg 2022:31348221075731. [PMID: 35580246 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221075731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Flap procedures following pilonidal excision have high recurrence and dehiscence rates. We present a cosmetic, outpatient technique to reconstruction via bilateral gluteal fasciocutaneous advancement flaps with and without tie-over sutures. METHODS This is a prospective case series of 51 patients (40 males and 11 females). Following elliptical excision of pilonidal disease, gluteal fasciocutaneous advancement flaps were elevated circumferentially using blunt, discontinuous dissection, and a multilayered closure was performed. The resulting scar was midline. Thirty-five patients (68.6%) also had two full-thickness, compressing sutures tied over rolled up gauze. RESULTS Patients had a mean age of 28.2 and body mass index of 26.8. Eight (15.9%) were smokers and 11 (21.6%) were obese. At a mean follow-up of 38.7 months, there were no recurrences and 19 (37.3%) patients had wound dehiscence. There was no significant difference in dehiscence between patients with and without tie-over sutures (31.4% vs 50%, P = 0.20). There was no significant difference in dehiscence between smokers and non-smokers, (62.5% vs 41.9%, P = 0.47), or between obese and non-obese patients (36.4% vs 46.3%, P = 0.51). Obese patients with tie-over sutures had significantly less dehiscence compared to obese patients without tie-over sutures (14% vs 75%, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Bilateral gluteal fasciocutaneous advancement flap with consideration of tie-over sutures is an outpatient treatment for chronic pilonidal disease with resultant midline scar and with no recurrence in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Nasseri
- Surgery Group Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eli Kasheri
- Surgery Group Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruoyan Zhu
- Surgery Group Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Cohen
- Surgery Group Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Moshe Barnajian
- Surgery Group Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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43
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Huurman EA, Galema HA, de Raaff C, Toorenvliet B, Smeenk R. Assessment of Surgical Strategies for Pilonidal Sinus Disease in the Netherlands. Cureus 2022; 14:e25050. [PMID: 35719773 PMCID: PMC9200110 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a subcutaneous infection of the sacrococcygeal region due to entrapment of hair and/or debris. International guidelines recommend minimally invasive techniques and flap techniques. A Dutch guideline for the treatment of PSD is not available and this may lead to practice variation. The aim of this study was to perform a national survey on the surgical treatment of PSD in the Netherlands. Method An online survey was sent by e-mail to all surgeons and surgical residents of the Dutch Association for Surgeons. Respondents were asked to reflect on their preferences in the treatment of PSD, their perceived satisfaction with this treatment, and the need for national guidelines. Results A total of 819 (48.6%) of 1684 invitees responded to the survey, of whom 615 (37%) met the inclusion criteria. Traditional excision techniques were most frequently performed for all types of PSD (50.7%) followed by flap techniques (22.6%) and minimally invasive techniques (22%). Only 22.6% of the participants were satisfied with the current treatment and 82% supported the development of a national guideline. Conclusion Traditional excision techniques are most frequently performed for PSD in the Netherlands but the majority of surgeons and surgical residents are not satisfied with the current treatment. There is a demand for a national guideline.
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Nechai IA, Bozhchenko AA, Maltcev NP, Vetochkin VА, Yakunina MY. Surgical treatment of pilonidal disease with the use of «closed» techniques. GREKOV'S BULLETIN OF SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.24884/0042-4625-2022-181-2-33-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The OBJECTIVE was to evaluate long-term results of the use of «closed» techniques of surgical treatment of pilonidal disease.METHODS AND MATERIALS. The study included 147 patients who underwent excision of the pilonidal sinuses according to Karydakis – 28 and excision of the pilonidal sinuses with mobilization of the gluteal fascia – 89, laser obliteration using Filac Fistula Probe – 30 patients. To assess the long-term results, a questionnaire survey of patients, a face-to-face examination and ultrasound of the soft tissues of the postoperative scar area, statistical data processing were carried out.RESULTS. By primary intention, wounds healed in 91.4 % of patients. Complications were observed in 10 (8.5 %) patients: postoperative wound seromas – 8, wound hematoma – 1, postoperative wound suppuration – 1. After mobilization of the gluteal fascia, recurrence of the disease was established in 4 (4.4 %) patients, after obliteration with the use of laser energy and Filac Fistula Probe – in 4 (13.3 %) patients. No relapse was diagnosed after Karydakis procedure.CONCLUSIONS. Operations using «closed» techniques are effective methods of surgical treatment of pilonidal disease. At the same time, there is a low percentage of complications, relapses of the disease and a short period of rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Yu. Yakunina
- North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov
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45
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Segre D. What You Should Remember in Managing Pilonidal Disease. Front Surg 2021; 8:792121. [PMID: 34950697 PMCID: PMC8688353 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.792121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Segre
- Formerly Responsible Colonproctology Unit, S.Croce Hospital, Private Practice, Cuneo, Italy
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46
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Extensive suppuration and being overweight are factors associated with the failure of laser treatment for pilonidal disease: lessons from the first French retrospective cohort. Tech Coloproctol 2021; 26:143-146. [PMID: 34855026 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-021-02552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of sinus laser therapy (SiLaT) for the treatment of pilonidal disease. METHODS All adult patients treated with SiLaT in our department between June 1, 2018, and August 23, 2019, were included in the study. Success was defined as the closure of cutaneous orifices and the absence of discharge or abscesses. RESULTS We included 29 consecutive patients (22 males) with a median age of 32.5 ± 10.5 years. Eight patients had already undergone prior surgery for pilonidal disease. The procedure was performed under spinal (55%) or general (45%) anesthesia. The mean follow-up was 370.3 days (± 165.8 days). We observed 2 primary failures (6.9%) and 7 recurrences (24.1%). Ultimately, 20 patients were considered to have been cured (69%). The mean time to healing was 25 days (± 8.1 days). No serious complications were reported. Usual activities were resumed within a mean of 4.9 days (± 7.2), and 86% of patients reported being "very satisfied" with the treatment. The body mass index was lower for patients who were cured (24.0 ± 3.6) than for those who experienced treatment failure (27.6 ± 3.4; p = 0.018). The cured patients were less likely to have one or more secondary openings (35.0 versus 88.9%, p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Almost 70% of our patients were cured by SiLaT. Complications were rare and mild. The technique appeared to be less effective for overweight patients and those with one or more secondary openings associated with pilonidal pits.
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47
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Hannan E, Harding T, Feizal H, Martin S. Negative pressure wound therapy following excision of pilonidal sinus disease: A retrospective review. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:2961-2966. [PMID: 34455675 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is no agreed definitive surgical treatment for pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) with several techniques in use with varying success. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is used to accelerate wound healing but literature in the context of PSD remains sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes in patients with PSD treated by a standardised technique of complete surgical excision followed by the application of NPWT. METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study of all patients with PSD managed by complete surgical excision followed by application of NPWT was performed over a five year period. The primary endpoints were PSD recurrence and failed wound healing. RESULTS Sixty-one patients underwent treatment during the study period. There was 100% compliance with NPWT. All patients' wounds healed successfully, with the median time to healing being 28 days. One patient (1.6%) developed recurrent PSD and required further surgery. Two patients (3.3%) developed postoperative wound infections. Five patients, who had been managed previously by other operative approaches and subsequently developed recurrence, were successfully managed by this technique. Most patients (52.4%) were managed as a day case procedure. CONCLUSIONS Surgery for PSD should have low recurrence rates, prompt wound healing, minimal complications, short inpatient lengths of stay and be tolerated by the patient. Our results demonstrate that our technique meets these criteria. To our knowledge, this study contains the largest number of patients with PSD managed by excision and NPWT in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enda Hannan
- St Michael's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tim Harding
- St Michael's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hanna Feizal
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Martin
- St Michael's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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48
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Wood J. What primary care clinicians need to know about pilonidal disease. JAAPA 2021; 34:34-37. [PMID: 34699450 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000794972.13932.d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pilonidal disease, although relatively common, often is not appropriately recognized and treated. This inflammatory condition may be found in several areas on the body; this article reviews disease affecting the gluteal cleft, how to identify the condition, initial treatment, and when to consider surgical intervention for definitive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Wood
- Jaimie Wood practices in the Department of Surgery at Cox Health in Springfield, Mo. The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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49
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Win M, Went TR, Ruo SW, Kannan A, Dominic JL, Sultan W, Kantamaneni K, Yanamala VL, Tara A, Elshaikh AO. A Systematic Review of Fibrin Glue as an Ideal Treatment for the Pilonidal Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e16831. [PMID: 34513421 PMCID: PMC8407475 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pilonidal sinus is an acquired condition caused by irritation to the hair follicles at the natal cleft, presenting with an abscess or chronic infection. It is prevalent in young adults affecting their productive lifestyle with morbidities. There are varieties of treatment options; however, there is no consensus yet for the ideal procedure. Less invasive procedures have evolved to replace the traditional surgical techniques, which cannot significantly reduce the risks of recurrence and wound complications despite extensive surgeries. We aimed to assess the effect of fibrin glue as a primary treatment after cleaning the sinus in pilonidal sinus disease. We searched for articles from PubMed®, Ovid MEDLINE®, Ovid EMBASE®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Six studies that included 336 patients in total were analyzed. Fibrin glue treatment in these studies reported a quicker return to normal activities postoperatively, a low rate of infection, and an acceptable rate of recurrence. Thus, fibrin glue seems beneficial in the management of pilonidal disease. However, further high-quality studies are essential to support and confirm this evidence. Future research should also evaluate its cost and implications in the ambulatory service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat Win
- General Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, GBR.,Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Terry R Went
- Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sheila W Ruo
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Amudhan Kannan
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, IND.,Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jerry Lorren Dominic
- Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,General Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Cornerstone Regional Hospital, Edinburg, USA.,General Surgery, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, New York, USA.,Surgery, LaSante Health Center, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Waleed Sultan
- Medicine, Beni Suef University Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef, EGY.,Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Surgery, Halifax Health Medical Center, Daytona Beach, USA
| | - Ketan Kantamaneni
- Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Surgery, Dr.Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research Foundation, Gannavaram, IND
| | | | - Anjli Tara
- Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,General Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK
| | - Abeer O Elshaikh
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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50
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Abdelnaby M, Fathy M, Emile SH, Arnous M, Balata M, Abdelmawla A, Abdallah E. Sinus laser therapy versus sinus lay open in the management of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:2456-2465. [PMID: 34042233 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is no standard method for the management of sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPND); however, surgery remains the gold standard treatment. Wide surgical excision of the sinus is the traditional surgical treatment of SPND, yet it is associated with extended healing time and delayed recovery. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of sinus laser therapy (SiLaT) and sinus lay open in the management of SPND. METHODS Patients with SPND who were treated with SiLaT or lay open were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measures were the success of surgery in terms of complete healing at 12 months postoperatively, time to complete healing, complications, operation time and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS A total of 139 patients with a mean age of 25 years were included to the study. Sixty-two patients underwent SiLaT and 77 underwent lay open. Six patients experienced recurrence after SiLaT while there was no recorded recurrence after the lay open technique (P = 0.007). Sinus lay open had a shorter operation time than SiLaT (P < 0.0001). On the other hand, SiLaT was followed by a shorter healing time, lower incidence of delayed wound healing, better cosmetic outcome, and higher QoL scores compared to the lay open group. The complication rates were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION Sinus lay open was associated with better success than SiLaT. On the other hand, SiLaT was associated with quicker healing, better cosmesis, better QoL and longer operation time. The complication rate of the two procedures was comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelnaby
- General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Fathy
- General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sameh Hany Emile
- General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Arnous
- General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Balata
- General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelmawla
- General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Emad Abdallah
- General Surgery Department, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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