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Konarska A. New insight in secretory structures and secretion composition in Rhus typhina L. - Anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies. Micron 2024; 186:103692. [PMID: 39111185 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Rhus typhina is a valuable plant used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries due to the presence of biologically active substances accumulated in its organs, especially in secretory structures, i.e. trichomes and secretory ducts. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the structure of glandular and non-glandular trichomes, as well as secretory ducts present in inflorescence peduncles of R. typhina. The chemical composition of the secretion produced by trichomes and ducts was assessed using histochemical techniques, including observations under brightfield and fluorescence microscopes. Two types of capitate glandular trichomes producing secretions with a similar composition and non-glandular trichomes exhibiting secretory activity were identified. The secretion of glandular trichomes was dominated by acidic and neutral lipids, essential oil, sesquiterpenes, and steroid-containing terpenes. The schizogenic secretory ducts located in the phloem produced a viscous milky substance with acidic polysaccharides, acidic lipids, phenolic compounds, and proteins. The secretion was released into the duct lumen through notches in the walls of the secretory epithelial cell facing the duct lumen. The location, type, and traits of the non-glandular trichomes and secretory structures, as well as the composition of the secreted products are considered important taxonomic features in the family Anacardiaceae and the Rhus genus. Additionally, these characters are important diagnostic markers for the pharmacobotanical identification of the species in medicinal and cosmetic raw materials. The various compounds present in the secretory structures of R. typhina may contribute to plant protection against pathogens or herbivory and probably play a role as attractants for pollinators and seed dispersers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Konarska
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, Lublin 20-950, Poland.
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2
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Kim P, Maibach H. Innovation in prevention of poison oak contact dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:596. [PMID: 39225822 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Poison oak-induced contact dermatitis poses a significant challenge due to its urushiol oil-induced allergic reactions. Conventional preventive measures like avoidance and post-exposure cleansing are often impractical, necessitating innovative strategies. This comprehensive review explores emerging technologies and formulations for preventing poison oak dermatitis. Literature search via PubMed and Covidence identified 13 relevant studies, with six discussing preventive measures. Barrier methods, including occlusive creams and protective clothing, showed promise in reducing dermatitis risk. Immunotherapy, although investigated, requires further development. Complete avoidance, while effective, is often impractical. The complexity of poison oak management underscores the need for ongoing research to develop more effective preventive measures. This review highlights the current landscape, identifies gaps in knowledge, and emphasizes the importance of continued research for improved prevention and management of poison oak-induced dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kim
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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3
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Yang Y, Sun J, You H, Sun Y, Song Y, Shen Z, Liu T, Guan D, Zhou Y, Cheng S, Wang C, Yu G, Zhu C, Tang Z. Aloe-emodin relieves allergic contact dermatitis pruritus by inhibiting mast cell degranulation. Immunol Lett 2024; 270:106902. [PMID: 39181335 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which skin barrier dysfunction leads to pruritus and eczematous lesions. ACD is triggered by immune imbalance. Aloe emodin is an anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, aloe and other traditional Chinese medicines. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-allergic effects. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of aloe-emodin on urushiol-induced acute pruritus and allergic contact dermatitis. The results showed that urushiol could stimulate keratinocytes to release chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, TSLP, and TNF-α, which recruit or activate mast cells. Aloe-emodin treatment inhibited inflammatory-response-induced mast cell degranulation in skin lesions and suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-4, and interleukin-6. Therefore, the results indicate that aloe-emodin can improve urushiol-induced acute pruritus and allergic contact dermatitis in mice by inhibiting mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Jianmei Sun
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Huan You
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Zhouyang Shen
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Donglang Guan
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Changming Wang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Guang Yu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Chan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China.
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China.
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Diedrich V, Zweerink K, Elder B. Plant Dermatitis. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2024; 42:613-638. [PMID: 38925778 DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant dermatitis is a common pathology that plagues those who work and recreate in the North American outdoors. The most common plant family to cause dermatitis is the Toxicodendron genus, which includes the plants known by the common names of poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. While mortality is usually quite low for this pathology, the incidence and prevalence of the disease leads to substantial healthcare burden and financial implications across the population. The mainstays of treatment have focused on prevention, corticosteroids, and antihistamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Diedrich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Kara Zweerink
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Brandon Elder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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5
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Yamaguchi HL, Yamaguchi Y, Peeva E. Role of Innate Immunity in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12975. [PMID: 37629154 PMCID: PMC10455292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of allergic contact dermatitis mechanisms has progressed over the past decade. Innate immune cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis include Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. ILCs can be subcategorized as group 1 (natural killer cells; ILC1) in association with Th1, group 2 (ILC2) in association with Th2, and group 3 (lymphoid tissue-inducer cells; ILC3) in association with Th17. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) in innate immune cells recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cascade the signal to produce several cytokines and chemokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, and IL-23. Here we discuss the recent findings showing the roles of the innate immune system in allergic contact dermatitis during the sensitization and elicitation phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Elena Peeva
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Ndreu L, Hurben AK, Nyman GSA, Tretyakova NY, Karlsson I, Hagvall L. Investigation into Propolis Components Responsible for Inducing Skin Allergy: Air Oxidation of Caffeic Acid and Its Esters Contribute to Hapten Formation. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37184291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a resin-like material produced by bees from the buds of poplar and cone-bearing trees and is used in beehive construction. Propolis is a common additive in various biocosmetics and health-related products, despite the fact that it is a well-known cause of contact allergy. Caffeic acid and its esters have been the primary suspects behind the sensitization potency of propolis-induced contact allergy. However, the chemical structures of the protein adducts formed between these haptens and skin proteins during the process of skin sensitization remain unknown. In this study, the reactivity of three main contact allergens found in propolis, namely, caffeic acid (CA), caffeic acid 1,1-dimethylallyl ester (CAAE), and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), was investigated. These compounds were initially subjected to the kinetic direct peptide reactivity assay to categorize the sensitization potency of CA, CAAE, and CAPE, but the data obtained was deemed too unreliable to confidently classify their skin sensitization potential based on this assay alone. To further investigate the chemistry involved in generating possible skin allergy-inducing protein adducts, model peptide reactions with CA, CAAE, and CAPE were conducted and analyzed via liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Reactions between CA, CAAE, and CAPE and a cysteine-containing peptide in the presence of oxygen, both in closed and open systems, were monitored at specific time points. These studies revealed the formation of two different adducts, one corresponding to thiol addition to the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl region of the caffeic structure and the second corresponding to thiol addition to the catechol, after air oxidation to o-quinone. Observation of these peptide adducts classifies these compounds as prehaptens. Interestingly, no adduct formation was observed when the same reactions were performed under oxygen-free conditions, highlighting the importance of air oxidation processes in CA, CAAE, and CAPE adduct formation. Additionally, through NMR analysis, we found that thiol addition occurs at the C-2 position in the aromatic ring of the CA derivatives. Our results emphasize the importance of air oxidation in the sensitization potency of propolis and shed light on the chemical structures of the resultant haptens which could trigger allergic reactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ndreu
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Alexander K Hurben
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Gunnar S A Nyman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Isabella Karlsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Lina Hagvall
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund 22363, Sweden
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7
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Mügge FLB, Morlock GE. Chemical and cytotoxicity profiles of 11 pink pepper (Schinus spp.) samples via non-targeted hyphenated high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Metabolomics 2023; 19:48. [PMID: 37130976 PMCID: PMC10154279 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pink pepper is a worldwide used spice that corresponds to the berries of two species, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi or S. molle L. (Anacardiaceae). Toxic and allergic reactions by ingestion or contact with these plants were reported, and classical in vitro studies have highlighted the cytotoxic properties of apolar extracts from the fruits. OBJECTIVES Perform a non-targeted screening of 11 pink pepper samples for the detection and identification of individual cytotoxic substances. METHODS After reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) separation of the extracts and multi-imaging (UV/Vis/FLD), cytotoxic compounds were detected by bioluminescence reduction from luciferase reporter cells (HEK 293 T-CMV-ELuc) applied directly on the adsorbent surface, followed by elution of detected cytotoxic substance into atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (APCI-HRMS). RESULTS Separations for mid-polar and non-polar fruit extracts demonstrated the selectivity of the method to different substance classes. One cytotoxic substance zone was tentatively assigned as moronic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid acid. CONCLUSION The developed non-targeted hyphenated RP-HPTLC-UV/Vis/FLD-bioluminescent cytotoxicity bioassay-FIA-APCI-HRMS method was successfully demonstrated for cytotoxicity screening (bioprofiling) and respective cytotoxin assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda L B Mügge
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center, IFZ, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Sakamoto E, Katahira Y, Mizoguchi I, Watanabe A, Furusaka Y, Sekine A, Yamagishi M, Sonoda J, Miyakawa S, Inoue S, Hasegawa H, Yo K, Yamaji F, Toyoda A, Yoshimoto T. Chemical- and Drug-Induced Allergic, Inflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases Via Haptenation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010123. [PMID: 36671815 PMCID: PMC9855847 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Haptens are small molecules that only elicit an immune response when bound to proteins. Haptens initially bind to self-proteins and activate innate immune responses by complex mechanisms via inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns and the subsequent upregulation of costimulatory signals such as cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) on dendritic cells. Subsequent interactions between CD86 and CD28 on T cells are critically important for properly activating naive T cells and inducing interleukin 2 production, leading to the establishment of adaptive immunity via effector and memory T cells. Accumulating evidence revealed the involvement of haptens in the development of various autoimmune-like diseases such as allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases including allergic contact dermatitis, atopy, asthma, food allergy, inflammatory bowel diseases, hemolytic anemia, liver injury, leukoderma, and even antitumor immunity. Therefore, the development of in vitro testing alternatives to evaluate in advance whether a substance might lead to the development of these diseases is highly desirable. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in chemical- and drug-induced allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases via haptenation and the possible molecular underlying mechanisms, as well as in vitro testing alternatives to evaluate in advance whether a substance might cause the development of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Sakamoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katahira
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Aruma Watanabe
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yuma Furusaka
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Ami Sekine
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Miu Yamagishi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Jukito Sonoda
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Satomi Miyakawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasegawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yo
- POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi 244-0812, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiya Yamaji
- POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi 244-0812, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akemi Toyoda
- POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi 244-0812, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3351-6141
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Galasso G, Domina G, Andreatta S, Argenti C, Astuti G, Bacaro G, Bacchetta G, Bagella S, Banfi E, Barberis D, Bartolucci F, Bernardo L, Bonari G, Brundu G, Buccomino G, Calvia G, Cancellieri L, Capuano A, Celesti-Grapow L, Conti F, Cuena-Lombraña A, D’Amico FS, De Fine G, de Simone L, Del Guacchio E, Emili F, Fanfarillo E, Fascetti S, Fiaschi T, Fois M, Fortini P, Gentili R, Giardini M, Hussain AN, Iamonico D, Laface VLA, Lallai A, Lazzaro L, Lecis AP, Ligato E, Loi G, Lonati M, Lozano V, Maccherini S, Mainetti A, Mascia F, Mei G, Menini F, Merli M, Montesano A, Mugnai M, Musarella CM, Nota G, Olivieri N, Passalacqua NG, Pinzani L, Pisano A, Pittarello M, Podda L, Posillipo G, Potenza G, Probo M, Prosser F, Quaglini LA, Ravetto Enri S, Rivieccio G, Roma-Marzio F, Rosati L, Selvaggi A, Soldano A, Stinca A, Tasinazzo S, Tassone S, Terzi M, Vallariello R, Vangelisti R, Verloove F, Lastrucci L. Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 14. ITALIAN BOTANIST 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/italianbotanist.14.97758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions. Nomenclatural and distribution updates, published elsewhere, and corrections are provided as Suppl. material 1.
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Gleich S, Kiefer-Trendelenburg T, Schlatterer K, Napp M, Monecke S, Arnold A, Goering R, Strommenger B, Werner G, Daeschlein G. Community-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ca-MRSA) as a Pandemic Pathogen: Risk Factors and Implications for Healthcare. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1707-7083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background A diversity of risk factors for ca-MRSA manifestations has been described so far. Up to date toxic contact dermatitis induced by plants has not been identified as one.
Patients and Methods After intense skin contact with poison ivy in the US a 24-year-old Afro-American showed pronounced bullous contact dermatitis on the back of the neck and subsequently massive ca-MRSA furunculitis with proof of Panton-Valentin-leukocidin (PVL). After travelling to Germany, his German girlfriend developed a subacute ca-MRSA, PVL-positive superinfection of a mosquito bite at her lower leg. Both infections required surgical intervention.
Results While the male patient displayed contact dermatitis by poison ivy, the female patient demonstrated two risk factors for ca-MRSA: contact with a ca-MRSA positive person and a predisposing skin lesion. Both cases underpin the role of ca-MRSA transmission and the potential severeness of wound infections in young and immunocompetent persons, just to be resolved by invasive intervention.
Conclusions Marked and recalcitrant skin or soft tissue infections in otherwise healthy young patients require instant microbiological analysis and surgical intervention flanked by adequate antibiotic therapy. Contact dermatitis induced by plant toxins should be taken into consideration as possible risk factor for the acquisition of ca-MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gleich
- Referat für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Kiefer-Trendelenburg
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Rehabilitationszentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik am See, Rüdersdorf, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schlatterer
- Medizinische Hochschule Brandenburg Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sankt Gertrauden Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Napp
- Department of Surgery, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Arnold
- Department of Dermatology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Richard Goering
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Omaha, USA
| | - Birgit Strommenger
- National Reference Laboratory of Staphylococci, Robert-Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- National Reference Laboratory of Staphylococci, Robert-Koch-Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Georg Daeschlein
- Section Dermatological Infectiology, Department of Dermatology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School, Dessau, Germany
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11
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Venom-derived pain-causing toxins: insights into sensory neuron function and pain mechanisms. Pain 2022; 163:S46-S56. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Rabinovich EP, Barquin JN, Abernathy RE, Koester RJ. Black-Spot Toxicodendron Dermatitis With Varied Presentation. Wilderness Environ Med 2022; 33:351-354. [PMID: 35718643 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of 2 unrelated cases with different presentations of black-spot Toxicodendron dermatitis. In the first case, a healthy 7-y-old male presented with a rash consisting of black dots with localized surrounding erythema on the left arm. The rash then progressed to a vesicular, pinpoint, raised rash spreading to the face, arms, and neck. In the second case, a 4-y-old male presented with non-pruritic, black, flat, non-erythematous lesions that did not progress. This patient's older sibling had been diagnosed with poison ivy 1 wk prior, and they attended the same child care where the poison ivy was thought to be acquired. In both cases, diagnosis of black-spot Toxicodendron dermatitis was made. The black spot of Toxicodendron dermatitis is caused by urushiol oxidation on exposure to air. The subject may or may not go on to develop allergic contact dermatitis after the exposure. Diagnosis of this dermatitis is made on clinical presentation, with careful consideration of history, distribution, and lesion morphology. When allergic dermatitis does develop as in the first case, systemic treatment with oral steroids is recommended. In both of these cases the black dots completely resolved in 2 to 3 wk. Dermatologic referral for dermoscopy and biopsy may be necessary if the dermatosis does not resolve as anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca E Abernathy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA.
| | - Robert J Koester
- School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Farshidpour LS, Caldwell NJ, Vinson DR. Young woman with black spots and a red rash on her forearm. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2022; 3:e12771. [PMID: 35755300 PMCID: PMC9205429 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nolan John Caldwell
- The Permanente Medical GroupOaklandCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineKaiser Permanente Roseville Medical CenterRosevilleCaliforniaUSA
| | - David Russell Vinson
- The Permanente Medical GroupOaklandCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Emergency MedicineKaiser Permanente Roseville Medical CenterRosevilleCaliforniaUSA
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research and the CREST NetworkOaklandCaliforniaUSA
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Establishing Consensus on the Treatment of Toxicodendron Dermatitis. Dermatitis 2022; 33:220-226. [PMID: 35481848 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicodendron dermatitis (TD) is a common form of allergic contact dermatitis that affects millions of Americans every year. Studies have shown that although there are general recommendations for the treatment of TD, there are no treatment algorithms for clinicians to follow when patients present with TD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to achieve consensus on the treatment of TD to create practical guidelines for physicians who treat TD. METHODS Data were collected from March 2020 to April 2021. This study included semistructured focus groups and a Delphi Study with dermatologists to achieve consensus. RESULTS A total of 51 dermatologists were included in the Delphi. Final agreement with proposed severity criteria ranged from 90.9% to 100.0%. Primary indicators of disease severity were body surface area, presence and severity of pruritus, and anatomic locations of eruptions with 77.4% agreement. Final agreement for the treatment algorithm was over the threshold majority agreement at 67.6%. CONCLUSIONS Literature guiding the treatment of TD is scarce. The use of the Delphi method and focus groups can help expand dermatological resources both within dermatology and to other specialties that may need to treat skin conditions.
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15
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Itchy Toxicodendron Plant Dermatitis. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants such as the Toxicodendron species, consisting of poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, largely contribute to allergic contact dermatitis with itch as a predominate symptom. Many individuals are affected by this skin condition, with approximately 50% to 70% of adults in North America demonstrating a degree of clinical sensitivity to this species of plants. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical features of this contact dermatitis, as well as both treatment and prevention directed towards alleviation of itch. Updated research is emphasized throughout this review, although it is evident that this field is evolving, and more research is necessary to enhance treatment.
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16
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The Association Between Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Erythema Multiforme: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Dermatitis 2021; 33:308-322. [PMID: 34967766 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The relationship between erythema multiforme (EM) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remains unclear. There have been multiple reports of EM-like lesions occurring in conjunction with or presenting after ACD; however, various definitions and terminologies have been used to denote the patient's diagnosis in these cases. In this systematic review, we summarize the key presenting features of recent cases of EM-like eruptions associated with ACD, as well as diagnostic findings, responsible allergens, treatments, and outcomes. We propose that, whenever possible, these cases should be classified into 2 distinct categories: (1) EM-like ACD and (2) EM after ACD (ACD-induced EM). Because the clinical courses, potential complications, and treatment plans differ between the two, a critical need exists for further characterization and distinguishment of EM-like ACD and ACD-induced EM.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The California Emergency Medical Services Authority manages and deploys California Medical Assistance Teams (CAL-MAT) to disaster medical incidents in the state. This analysis reviews diagnoses for ambulatory medical visits at multiple wildland fire incident base camp field sites in California during the 2020 fire season. METHODS Clinical data without personal health information were extracted retrospectively from patient care records from all patients seen by a provider. Results were entered into Excel spreadsheets with calculation of summary statistics. RESULTS During the 2020 fire season, CAL-MAT teams deployed 21 times for a total of 327 days to base camps supporting large fire incidents and cared for 1756 patients. Impacts of heat and environmental smoke are a constant factor near wildfires; however, our most common medical problem was rhus dermatitis (54.5%) due to poison oak. All 2020 medical missions were further complicated by prevention and management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). CONCLUSIONS There is very little literature regarding the acute medical needs facing responders fighting wildland fires. Ninety-five percent of clinical conditions presenting to a field medical team at the wildfire incident base camp during a severe fire season in California can be managed by small teams operating in field tents.
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18
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Time Trends in Patient Characteristics and In-Hospital Adverse Events for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in the United States: 2010-2017. Arthroplast Today 2021; 11:157-162. [PMID: 34604486 PMCID: PMC8473015 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perioperative care for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has improved over time. We present an analysis of inpatient safety after TKA. Methods 14,057 primary TKAs captured by the Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System between 2010 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. We calculated changes in demographics, comorbidities, and adverse events (AEs) over time. Risk factors for AEs were also assessed. Results Between 2010 and 2017, there was an increased prevalence of obesity (35.1% to 57.6%), tobacco smoking (12.5% to 17.8%), and renal disease (5.2% to 8.9%). There were reductions in coronary artery disease (17.3% to 13.4%) and chronic warfarin use (6.7% to 3.1%). Inpatient AEs decreased from 4.9% to 2.5%, (P < .01), primarily driven by reductions in anticoagulant-associated AEs, including major bleeding and hematomas (from 2.8% to 1.0%, P < .001), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (1.1% to 0.2%, P < .001), pressure ulcers (0.8% to 0.2%, P < .001), and venous thromboembolism (0.3% to 0.1%, P = .04). The adjusted annual decline in the risk of developing any in-hospital AE was 14% (95% confidence interval [CI] 10%-17%). Factors associated with developing an AE were advanced age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01), male sex (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.44), coronary artery disease (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.70), heart failure (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.20-2.41), and renal disease (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.23-2.37). Conclusions Despite increasing prevalence of obesity, tobacco smoking, and renal disease, inpatient AEs after primary TKA have decreased over the past several years. This improvement is despite the increasing complexity of the inpatient TKA population over time.
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19
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Yüksel YT, Nørreslet LB, Thyssen JP. Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-021-00335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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20
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Raison-Peyron N, Aljaber F, Al Ali OA, Dereure O. Mango dermatitis: An unusual cause of eyelid dermatitis in France. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:599-600. [PMID: 34170557 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Raison-Peyron
- Department of Dermatology, Montpellier University Hospital and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Faisal Aljaber
- Department of Dermatology, Montpellier University Hospital and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Omar Ali Al Ali
- Department of Dermatology, Montpellier University Hospital and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Dereure
- Department of Dermatology, Montpellier University Hospital and Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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21
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Nguyen J, Chen JK. Environmental Causes of Dermatitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 41:375-392. [PMID: 34225895 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental, or exogenous, dermatitis is comprised of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, which account for 80% and 20% of cases of contact dermatitis, respectively. Contact dermatitis is extremely common, and failure to diagnose this entity may result in overlooking a potentially curable driver of disease. In this review, we describe how clinical features, such as morphology or history, can assist in distinguishing exogenous from endogenous causes of dermatitis, and allergic from irritant contact dermatitis. Additionally, we provide an overview of common contact allergens and how dermatitis distribution can suggest possible culprit allergens. Patch testing is needed to confirm contact allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannett Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 2nd Floor, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Jennifer K Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, 2nd Floor, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
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22
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Wertz PW. Roles of Lipids in the Permeability Barriers of Skin and Oral Mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105229. [PMID: 34063352 PMCID: PMC8155912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PubMed searches reveal much literature regarding lipids in barrier function of skin and less literature on lipids in barrier function of the oral mucosa. In terrestrial mammals, birds, and reptiles, the skin’s permeability barrier is provided by ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol in the outermost layers of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. This layer consists of about 10–20 layers of cornified cells embedded in a lipid matrix. It effectively prevents loss of water and electrolytes from the underlying tissue, and it limits the penetration of potentially harmful substances from the environment. In the oral cavity, the regions of the gingiva and hard palate are covered by keratinized epithelia that much resemble the epidermis. The oral stratum corneum contains a lipid mixture similar to that in the epidermal stratum corneum but in lower amounts and is accordingly more permeable. The superficial regions of the nonkeratinized oral epithelia also provide a permeability barrier. These epithelial regions do contain ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, which may underlie barrier function. The oral epithelial permeability barriers primarily protect the underlying tissue by preventing the penetration of potentially toxic substances, including microbial products. Transdermal drug delivery, buccal absorption, and lipid-related disease are discussed.
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23
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Milam EC, Nassau S, Banta E, Fonacier L, Cohen DE. Occupational Contact Dermatitis: An Update. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:3283-3293. [PMID: 33161959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Occupation contact dermatitis (CD) is a common inflammatory skin condition impacting every professional industry in the United States. It is associated with significant personal and professional distress, loss of revenue, and decreased productivity. Occupational CD is further subdivided into irritant CD and allergic CD. Frequently, workers may suffer from a combination of both types. Numerous workplace exposures are implicated, but there are several themes across professions, such as CD related to frequent handwashing and wet work. A detailed occupational history, physical examination, and patch testing can help to make the diagnosis. Treatment includes identification of the substance and avoidance, which often is quite challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Milam
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY.
| | - Stacy Nassau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Erin Banta
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - Luz Fonacier
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, NYU-Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY
| | - David E Cohen
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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24
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Donglang G, Tongtong L, Dan C, Chan Z, Changming W, Guang Y, Yan Y, Zongxiang T. Comparative Study on Different Skin Pruritus Mouse Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:630237. [PMID: 33708782 PMCID: PMC7940346 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.630237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The animal model is an important tool to study the mechanism of disease formation. Different animal models of pruritus have been adopted based on the purpose of researchers in the study of the itching mechanism. Although the symptoms of various models are quite different, scratching behavior is a key indicator. Therefore, it is necessary to find an animal model that can quickly induce animal scratching and maintain the stability of scratching behavior. In this study, we compared animal models of pruritus induced by four substances and found that the scratching behavior of mice induced by urushiol not only reached the plateau stage quickly but also showed more stability in the plateau phase than that induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, oxazolone, and imiquimod. Meanwhile, in the animal model induced by urushiol, the changes of epidermal thickening and inflammatory cell aggregation were also more obvious. In addition, pruritus induced by urushiol is prevalent all over the world, especially in the United States and Europe, involving outdoor groups such as firefighters, forest loggers, and farmers. Therefore, we believe that the urushiol-induced animal model is an ideal choice for the study of the itch formation mechanism and the development of antipruritic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Donglang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Tongtong
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Dan
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Chan
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang Changming
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Guang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yan
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tang Zongxiang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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25
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Alipour Tehrany Y, Coulombe J. Mango allergic contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:241-242. [PMID: 33609039 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jérôme Coulombe
- Division of Dermatology, CHU Sainte Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Zomorodi N, Butt M, Maczuga S, Marks J, Flamm A. Cost and diagnostic characteristics of toxicodendron dermatitis in the USA: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:772-773. [PMID: 32294234 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Zomorodi
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - M Butt
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - S Maczuga
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - J Marks
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - A Flamm
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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Phytodermatitis From Plumbago: Pretty Is Not Painless. Dermatitis 2020; 31:e32-e34. [PMID: 32209873 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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