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Kouhjani M, Saberi A, Hadizadeh F, Khodaverdi E, Karimi M, Gholizadeh E, Kamali H, Nokhodchi A. Development of Sustained Release Formulations Based on Lipid-Liquid Crystal to Control the Release of Deoxycholate: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:224. [PMID: 37946092 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous injections of phosphatidylcholine (PC), sodium deoxycholate (NADC), and a mixture of them were found to be an effective option for treating cellulite. However, it is noteworthy that the injection of NADC may result in inflammation as well as necrosis in the injection area. The preparation of a sustained release formulation based on lipid-liquid crystal that controls the release of NADC could be a potential solution to address the issue of inflammation and necrosis at the site of injection. To present a practical and validated approach for accurately determining the concentration of NADC in LLC formulations, spectrofluorimetry was used based on the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) Q2 guidelines. Based on the validation results, the fluorometric technique has been confirmed as a reliable, efficient, and economical analytical method for quantifying NADC concentrations. The method demonstrated favorable attributes of linearity, precision, and accuracy, with an r2 value of 0.999. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent interday and intraday repeatability, with RSD values below 4%. The recovery percentages ranged from 97 to 100%, indicating the method's ability to accurately measure NADC concentrations. The subcutaneous injection of the LLC-NADC demonstrated a reduction in inflammation and tissue necrosis in skin tissue, along with an increase in fat lysis within 30 days, when compared to the administration of only NADC solution. Moreover, the histopathological assessment confirmed that the use of the LLC formulation did not result in any detrimental side effects for kidney or heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kouhjani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Saberi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Khodaverdi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Karimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Gholizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Lupin Research Inc., Coral Springs, FL, USA.
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Kwon HH, Yang SH, Choi M, Jung JY, Park GH. Tightening and Reduction of Unwanted Submental Fat Using Triple-Layer High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound: Clinical and 3-Dimensional Imaging Analysis. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1595-1600. [PMID: 34608087 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unwanted submental fat (SMF) is aesthetically unappealing, but methods of reduction are either invasive or lack evidence of their use. OBJECTIVE The authors sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel triple-layer high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) regimen for SMF reduction. METHODS Forty Korean subjects with moderate/severe SMF were evaluated after receiving a session of triple-layer HIFU treatments (using 3.0-, 4.5-, and 6.0-mm focusing transducers). The objective evaluation based on the 5-point Clinician-Reported Submental Fat Rating Scale (CR-SMFRS) and patients' satisfaction based on the 7-point Subject Self-Rating Scale (SSRS) were determined 8 weeks after treatment. Three-dimensional image analysis was also performed. RESULTS At the follow-up visit, the proportion of treatment responders defined as subjects with ≥1-point improvement in CR-SMFRS was 62.5%, and the proportion of patients satisfied with appearance of their face and chin (score ≥4 on the SSRS) was 67.5% of the total patients. The results of 3-dimensional analysis were consistent with clinical observations. Only mild and transient side effects were observed for some patients with no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSION The triple-layer HIFU regimen including the novel 6.0-mm transducer has benefits for tightening and rejuvenation of the area with unwanted SMF, showing reasonable safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mira Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gyeong-Hun Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
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