1
|
Dhillon RK, Dayan SH, Hexsel D, Shridharani S, Chilukuri S, LaTowsky B, Fabi SG. Update: Cellulite Therapies and Optimizing Treatment Combinations. Aesthet Surg J 2023; 43:1508-1520. [PMID: 37184131 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulite in the proximal lower extremities is a reported concern among many adult females. The unsightly appearance of cellulite leads many affected individuals to seek treatment by trained specialists. The objective of this review is to provide the reader with an update on new and innovative therapies for cellulite including various treatment combinations to maximize therapeutic outcomes, and strategies for minimizing adverse events. The availability of new technologies and the results from recent clinical trials provide additional tools and data to consider when creating treatment plans for cellulite patients. This update to previous treatment recommendations is based on the most recent developments in cellulite management including the personal experiences of the authors with an emphasis on injectable enzymes, acoustic subcision, targeted verifiable subcision, and biostimulators. Formal clinical studies are warranted to compare various treatment modalities and further investigate combination regimens. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5
Collapse
|
2
|
Alexiades M. Radiofrequency Microneedling. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2023; 31:495-502. [PMID: 37806682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiofrequency microneedling is a technique that allows energy to be delivered to specified target depths in the skin via needle electrodes and measures temperature and impedance within the tissue. This method of delivery and real-time feedback has increased safety and efficacy, providing clinically significant improvements in skin laxity, rhytids, and cellulite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macrene Alexiades
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Dermatology & Laser Surgery Center of New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
LaTowsky B, Jacob C, Hibler BP, Lorenc PZ, Petraki C, Palm M. Cellulite: Current Treatments, New Technology, and Clinical Management. Dermatol Surg 2023; 49:S8-S14. [PMID: 37000913 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulite is a well-known concern for many women; however, treatment can prove challenging because of the complexities of cellulite etiology, the various factors contributing to its appearance, and the multitude of therapies and procedures available. OBJECTIVE To discuss current cellulite treatment options and effective clinical management. METHODS A roundtable meeting was convened to discuss and share views on current cellulite treatment options, new technologies, and clinical management. The participants' views helped guide a narrative review on this topic. RESULTS Advanced interventions for cellulite treatment-such as physical and acoustic subcision, radiofrequency, and injectable biostimulators-are gradually being established, with accumulating evidence showing efficacy, patient satisfaction, and potentially long-lasting outcomes. Cellulite severity rating scales are necessary for assessing treatment outcomes, but these can be complex to use in clinical practice, and the majority do not include patient or clinician perspectives. CONCLUSION With the advent of new treatments and technologies, cosmetic surgeons and dermatologists will need to tailor their approach to each patient's needs and manage patient expectations because multimodal methods are likely to be required to address the various factors underlying cellulite appearance.
Collapse
|
4
|
Suh DH, Cho M, Kim HS, Lee SJ, Song KY, Kim HS. Clinical and histological evaluation of microneedle fractional radiofrequency treatment on facial fine lines and skin laxity in Koreans. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1507-1512. [PMID: 36718800 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facial wrinkles and sagging are the most visible signs of aging and can cause profound distress. Microneedle fractional radiofrequency (MFR) is a minimally invasive procedure, which utilizes both microneedling and radiofrequency energy to rejuvenate the skin. OBJECTIVE To describe the safety and efficacy of a temperature-controlled MFR device on facial fine lines and laxity. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective chart & histology review was performed on individuals who received bipolar MFR for facial rejuvenation. A total of 15 Koreans with a median age of 46 years were included. All participants underwent a single treatment session. The results were assessed objectively using serial photography and subjectively based on the participants' satisfaction scores. Histologic changes before, immediately after MFR and at 4 months follow-up was examined. Complications were also recorded. RESULTS Partially denatured collagen fibers and dermal shrinkage was observed immediately after MFR whereas an increase in elastin and collagen was noted at 4 months follow-up. 86.7% of recipients considered the results satisfactory. Consensus ratings by two independent dermatologists on the objective outcomes at 4-month follow-up were very much improved (53.3%), much improved (26.7%) and improved (20%). Treatment was well tolerated and did not cause any significant long-lasting discomfort. CONCLUSION Temperature-controlled bipolar MFR is a minimally invasive treatment option to consider for facial fine lines and laxity via neo-collagenesis and neo-elastogenesis. The procedure was safe and clinically effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hye Suh
- Arumdaun Nara Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minah Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Sang Jun Lee
- Arumdaun Nara Dermatology Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kye Yong Song
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hei Sung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kislevitz M, Lu KB, Wamsley CE, Parsa S, Hoopman JE, Kenkel JM, Akgul Y. Bipolar Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment of Suprapatellar Skin Assessment Using Noninvasive Devices and Microbiopsy. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP1997-NP2008. [PMID: 33942050 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive treatments for skin tightening are gaining popularity. However, no studies have assessed bipolar fractional radiofrequency treatment on suprapatellar skin. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bipolar fractional radiofrequency treatment on suprapatellar skin. METHODS Twenty patients received 1 bilateral suprapatellar bipolar fractional radiofrequency treatment. They returned 7 days, 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months posttreatment. Noninvasive measurements were obtained at each visit, including high-resolution ultrasonography, optical coherence tomography, transepidermal water loss and skin elasticity. Microbiopsies were collected in the treatment area for histologic and gene expression analyses. Three clinicians completed photographic evaluations comparing texture and laxity at baseline vs 6 months posttreatment. RESULTS Fifteen subjects completed all 6 visits. Both transepidermal water loss and dermal-epidermal junction roughness were increased at 3 weeks and 3 months posttreatment. Both attenuation coefficient and stiffness were increased significantly at 3 and 6 months posttreatment. Blood flow 0.5 mm below the surface and expression of epidermal hyaluronic acid and inflammatory genes IL-1b and IL-6 were significantly higher at 7 days posttreatment compared with pretreatment and 3 months posttreatment. There were no statistically significant changes in collagen- or elastin-related genes and proteins at 7 days or 3 months posttreatment. An improvement in texture and laxity was observed at 6 months posttreatment in 17.7% and 24.4% of photographs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Radiofrequency treatment by microneedling of suprapatellar skin shows limited effects in decreasing skin laxity and improving skin appearance. At a molecular level, the treatment resulted in lower elastin and hyaluronic acid levels and increased dermal-epidermal junction roughness based on histology and optical coherence tomography imaging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Kislevitz
- Department of General Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karen B Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christine E Wamsley
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shyon Parsa
- UT Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John E Hoopman
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Kenkel
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yucel Akgul
- Department of Plastic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kulick MI. Commentary on: Bipolar Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment of Suprapatellar Skin Assessment Using Noninvasive Devices and Microbiopsy. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP2009-NP2010. [PMID: 33961694 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
7
|
Ngamdokmai N, Waranuch N, Chootip K, Jampachaisri K, Scholfield CN, Ingkaninan K. Efficacy of an Anti-Cellulite Herbal Emgel: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070683. [PMID: 34358109 PMCID: PMC8308550 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulite describes unsightly skin overlying subcutaneous fat around thighs and buttocks of post-pubescent females. A herbal ‘emgel’ containing volatile oils and extracts of A traditional Thai herbal compress was tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 18 women aged 20–50 year with severe cellulite. Appearance of cellulite (primary outcome), thigh circumferences, skin firmness, and cutaneous blood flow (secondary outcomes) were assessed at baseline, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks with a 2-week follow-up. Herbal emgel applied onto the thigh skin twice daily reduced cellulite severity scores in every time point. The score was reduced from 13.4 ± 0.3 (baseline) to 12.1 ± 0.3 (week 2) and 9.9 ± 0.6 (week 12). All secondary outcomes improved with both placebo and herbal emgels suggesting that ingredients in the base-formulation might be responsible. Querying of participants, analysis of their diaries, and physical monthly inspections found no adverse events. The herbal emgel safely improved the appearance of cellulite, while the base emgel may play a role for other endpoints. Further studies on the active constituents and their mechanism of action are needed to further explore these factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngamrayu Ngamdokmai
- Centre of Excellence in Cannabis Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Neti Waranuch
- Cosmetics and Natural Products Research Center and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Krongkarn Chootip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Katechan Jampachaisri
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - C. Norman Scholfield
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Centre of Excellence in Cannabis Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-55961860; Fax: +66-55963731
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have evaluated radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) in various dermatologic conditions. However, the efficacy and safety of RFMN, and how it compares with other energy-based devices in a clinician's armamentarium, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To review higher-quality evidence supporting RFMN and the dermatologic conditions which it can be used in. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to May 13, 2020, using the terms: "radiofrequency microneedling" OR "fractional radiofrequency" OR "radiofrequency needling" OR "radiofrequency percutaneous collagen induction." Only randomized, split body or blinded studies with original data on humans were included. Non-English or non-dermatology-related studies were excluded. RESULTS Forty-two higher-quality studies were included after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 14 studies for skin rejuvenation, 7 for acne scars, 6 for acne vulgaris, 5 each for striae and axillary hyperhidrosis, 2 for melasma, and 1 each for rosacea, cellulite, and androgenetic alopecia. CONCLUSION Radiofrequency microneedling is an effective intervention that can be used repeatedly and safely in combination with other treatment modalities and in individuals with darker skin phototypes. Radiofrequency microneedling-induced dermal remodeling and neocollagenesis are slow and progressive but continue to improve even 6 months after treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Cellulite is characterized by dimpled contour alterations of the skin and is present in approximately 85% to 90% of postpubertal females. Although the pathophysiology of cellulite remains to be fully elucidated, experimental evidence indicates a multifactorial process involving the number and types of fibrous septae, microvascular dysfunction, subcutaneous inflammation, decreased dermal thickness with age, and fat deposition. Cellulite is a major cosmetic concern for many women, and a number of both noninvasive (eg, massage, cosmeceuticals, laser therapy) and minimally invasive techniques (eg, subcision, collagenase injection) have been evaluated to improve the appearance of the affected skin. However, evidence for many of these treatments is limited, largely due to the lack of a validated, convenient tool for the standardized evaluation of cellulite severity. Various imaging modalities have been employed to characterize cellulite severity and the impact of treatment, but only 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional digital photography have been adequately validated. However, in many cases, imaging findings do not correlate with subjective measures of cellulite severity. A number of cellulite rating scales have been developed; some provide only a qualitative measure, whereas others do not fully capture all clinically relevant aspects of cellulite, including the perspective of the patient. There remains an unmet need for global adoption of a validated scale that can be utilized easily by clinicians and patients in clinical and research settings. We propose features that should be included in an ideal rating scale for assessment of cellulite severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Leroy Young
- Corresponding Author: Dr V. Leroy Young, Mercy Research, 901 Patients First Drive, Washington, MO 63090, USA. E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alexiades M, Munavalli GS. Single Treatment Protocol With Microneedle Fractional Radiofrequency for Treatment of Body Skin Laxity and Fat Deposits. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 53:1026-1031. [PMID: 33764552 PMCID: PMC8518615 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Treatment modalities have been developed to address patient concerns with skin laxity and focal adipose excess. A previously published multicenter clinical trial reported improvement in cellulite severity after a single dermal and subcutaneous treatment on the upper thigh with a microneedle radiofrequency device. In the current study, this device was used to improve the esthetic appearance of body skin laxity and localized fat deposits above the knee, upper arms, and upper‐mid back/axillary region (“bra‐line”). Study Design/Materials and Methods Subjects with cellulite, skin laxity, and/or subcutaneous adipose excess in the suprapatellar region of the anterior thigh, upper arms, and bra‐line underwent a single dermal and/or subcutaneous treatment. Investigators and subjects assessed outcome at 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month follow‐up, using 5‐point Likert scales for global esthetic improvement, skin laxity improvement, and satisfaction. Results In total, 31 females (mean age 51 ± 9 years) with Fitzpatrick skin types I–IV received a single treatment on 62 treatment areas: 22 upper arms, 34 suprapatellar, and 6 bra‐lines. Investigator assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months for global esthetic improvement and skin laxity for the upper arms and bra‐line demonstrated improvements in 100% of subjects at all timepoints; for the suprapatellar region, these values were 69%, 92%, 65%, and 85%, 92%, 65%, respectively. Investigator satisfaction at each timepoint was satisfied or very satisfied in 80%, 100%, 90% for upper arms; 80%, 80%, 80% for bra‐line; and 50%, 81%, 65% for suprapatellar region. Subject self‐assessments at 1, 3, and 6 months for global esthetic improvement and skin laxity for the upper arms demonstrated improvements in 100% of subjects at all timepoints; for the bra‐line, these values were 40%, 60%, 80%, and 60%, 60%, 80%, respectively; for the suprapatellar region, these values were 81%, 92%, 88%, and 69%, 85%, 88%, respectively. Subject satisfaction at each timepoint was satisfied or very satisfied in 80%, 100%, 100% for upper arms; 40%, 40%, 80% for bra‐line; and 50%, 77%, 65% for suprapatellar. Treatments were well tolerated with subjects reporting transient erythema and edema associated with 69% and 46% of treatments, respectively. Mild bruising, resolving within 5 days, was reported after 32% of the treatments. Conclusion Microneedle fractional radiofrequency provides a single treatment protocol to improve the esthetic appearance of body skin laxity and localized adipose excess to the upper arms, bra‐line, and suprapatellar regions. Further study is warranted to evaluate the degree of improvement and long‐term effect beyond 6 months post‐treatment. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Macrene Alexiades
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510.,Dermatology and Laser, Surgery Center, New York, New York, 10028
| | - Gilly S Munavalli
- Dermatology, Laser & Vein Specialists of the Carolinas, Charlotte, North Carolina, 28207
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boisen J, Alkul S, Malone CH, Munavalli G. Perioral volumization using a temperature controlled fractionated radiofrequency device. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:237-241. [PMID: 33742543 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cosmetic rejuvenation of the perioral area can be challenging due to a mix of skin laxity and volumetric loss. Current techniques including fillers, neurotoxins, and non-ablative and ablative resurfacing have several drawbacks and can create a stiff, box-shaped, unnatural appearance. Aside from filler, these techniques do not address deeper volume deficiency. Temperature controlled fractionated radiofrequency (FRF) provides consistent formation of new collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid. This has been reported to provide long-lasting results for the treatment of skin laxity and volume loss of the face and neck with a single treatment, but it has not been previously reported for perioral rejuvenation. PATIENTS/METHODS We present a series of seven patients who were treated with perioral FRF, and we assessed their results objectively using a published, validated scale for lower face laxity. RESULTS All of the patients in this case series showed improvement on the Facial Laxity Rating (FLR) scale after FRF treatment. CONCLUSIONS This case series represents the first reported use of temperature controlled FRF for perioral rejuvenation. FRF is a promising option for low-risk, natural perioral rejuvenation with long-lasting results and few risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gilly Munavalli
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu DD, Zhang XP, Zhang BL, Hao YY, Guo XD. Safety Assessment of Microneedle Technology for Transdermal Drug Delivery: A Review. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dan Zhu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Peng Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Bao Li Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yu Ying Hao
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mazzuco R. Subcision™ plus poly-l-lactic acid for the treatment of cellulite associated to flaccidity in the buttocks and thighs. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:1165-1171. [PMID: 32176410 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing demand for procedures to treat cellulite. Subcision™ is widely used for cellulite correction, and injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) has been shown to be an effective option for various body conditions. AIMS Present the results of combining Subcision™ plus PLLA, in the same session, in patients with cellulite and flaccidity. PATIENTS/METHODS Twenty-four women underwent Subcision™ followed by PLLA injections. An expert panel of dermatologists evaluated before and after photographs according to Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Patients also answered a satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS The author describes the results, as well as number of sessions and dose used. The most frequent GAIS score was "great improvement." No nodules or granulomas appeared in the treated areas. CONCLUSION The combination of Subcision™ plus PLLA, in the same treatment session, promotes safe and desirable results for cellulite associated with flaccidity.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Weiner SF. Radiofrequency Microneedling: Overview of Technology, Advantages, Differences in Devices, Studies, and Indications. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2019; 27:291-303. [PMID: 31280844 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiofrequency (RF) skin rejuvenation is improved using RF microneedling (RFM) devices. More aggressive treatments are performed safely with minimal downtime than previous RF devices. Optimizing treatment parameters is essential for safety and efficacy. Multiple RFM studies support minimal risks even in dark skin types. RFM has been used to treat acne scarring successfully as well as skin laxity and hyperhidrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven F Weiner
- 2050 West County Highway 30A, Suite 114, Santa Rosa Beach, FL 32459, USA.
| |
Collapse
|