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Saadat M. Prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 are associated with the L55M functional polymorphism of Paraoxonase 1. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2021. [PMCID: PMC9198663 DOI: 10.1177/20101058211040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence recommends that infectious diseases including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1, OMIM: 168,820), a member of the paraoxonase gene family, has antioxidant properties. Enzyme activity of paraoxonase depends on a variety of influencing factors such as polymorphisms of PON1, ethnicity, gender, age, and a number of environmental variables. The PON1 has two common functional polymorphisms, namely, Q192R (rs662) and L55M (rs854560). The R192 and M55 alleles are associated with increase and decrease in enzyme activity, respectively. Objective The present study was conducted to investigate the possible association of rs662 and rs854560 polymorphisms with morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Methods Data for the prevalence, mortality, and amount of accomplished diagnostic test (per 106 people) on 25 November 2020 from 48 countries were included in the present study. The Human Development Index (HDI) was used as a potential confounding variable. Results The frequency of M55 was positively correlated with the prevalence (partial r = 0.487, df = 36, p = 0.002) and mortality of COVID-19 (partial r = 0.551, df = 36, p < 0.001), after adjustments for HDI and amount of the accomplished diagnostic test as possible confounders. Conclusions This means that countries with higher M55 frequency have higher prevalence and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saadat
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Petersen L, Andersen PK, Sørensen TIA, Mortensen EL. Delayed age at transfer of adoptees to adoptive parents is associated with increased mortality irrespective of social class of the adoptive parents: a cohort study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:435. [PMID: 29685126 PMCID: PMC5914045 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse early life experience and development may have long-term health consequences, but later environmental conditions may perhaps protect against the effects of such early life adversities. The aim was to investigate whether cause-specific and overall mortality rates among adoptees are associated with the age at which they were transferred to the adoptive family and whether the social class of the adoptive family modifies this association. METHODS A cohort of 10,592 non-familial adoptions (biologically unrelated adoptee and adoptive parents) of Danish-born children formally granted in 1924-47 and with follow-up of total and cause-specific mortality through ages up to 85 years. The rates of death after the age of 16 from all causes combined, all natural causes, all external causes, and suicide were compared according to the age at which adoptees were transferred to their adoptive family by estimating hazard ratios in Cox regression models. RESULTS Death rates from all causes were significantly higher in adoptees transferred between age 1 month and 4 years compared to those transferred immediately after birth with the hazard ratio peaking at 1.19 (95% confidence limit: 1.08 to 1.32) for adoptees transferred between 6 and 11 months. This result was primarily driven by a similar pattern for natural causes of death. For death from external causes and for suicide the hazard ratios were increasing with increasing age at transfer, and tests for trend were statistically significant. The social class of the adoptive family did not significantly modify these associations. CONCLUSIONS Transfer to an adoptive family later than at the time of birth may have adverse long-term consequences affecting overall and cause-specific mortality. These effects were not modified by the environment provided by the adoptive family as indicated by the social class of these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Petersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Fuglesangs Allé 26, DK-8210, Aarhus V, Denmark.
| | - Per Kragh Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5B, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5B, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Lykke Mortensen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5B, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5B, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Del Risco Kollerud R, Blaasaas KG, Claussen B, Oftedal B, Næss Ø. The risk of cancer in the offspring and parental length of life. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 48:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Petersen L, Sørensen TIA, Andersen PK, Mortensen PB, Hawton K. Genetic and familial environmental effects on suicide--an adoption study of siblings. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77973. [PMID: 24147105 PMCID: PMC3798411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is clear evidence of familial influences on suicide, the origin of these is less certain. We have investigated genetic and familial environmental factors by studying the occurrence of suicide in biological and adoptive siblings of adoptees who died by suicide compared to siblings of surviving adoptees. METHOD We used the Danish Adoption Register and Danish population registers to compare 221 siblings of adoptees who died by suicide with the siblings of 1,903 adoptees who did not die by suicide. All adoptions in the Danish Adoption Register are non-familial, i.e. the adoptive parents are biologically unrelated to the adoptee. Analyses were conducted on incidence rates of suicide in biological and adoptive siblings given occurrence of suicide in the adoptees while also taking into account psychiatric disorders. RESULTS The risk of suicide in full siblings of adoptees who died by suicide before age 60 years was significantly higher than in full siblings of adoptees who had not died by suicide (incidence rate ratios (IRR) = 5.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-19.6). This increase persisted after adjustment for history of psychiatric admission of siblings (IRR = 4.19; 95% CI = 1.00-17.5). CONCLUSIONS Genetic factors influence risk of suicide, probably independently of psychiatric disorder. This is relevant in provision of advice to families, including possible prevention of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Petersen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Kragh Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus V, Denmark
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Stricklin D, Millage K. Evaluation of demographic factors that influence acute radiation response. HEALTH PHYSICS 2012; 103:210-216. [PMID: 22951482 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Casualty estimation tools are critical in planning for nuclear event scenarios. Current consequence assessment models based on healthy adult males may not adequately represent the population. To develop an understanding of the impact of demographic variables on casualty estimates, human data was surveyed to identify key demographic factors that affect acute radiation response. Information on in utero exposures, gender, age, and comorbidity status was collected from atomic bomb survivors, radiation accidents, and clinical oncology. Burn and trauma studies were also examined to gain insight into the impact of demographic variables on acute injury outcomes. Fetal radiation sensitivity is well documented; increased mortality or malformations are observed depending on gestational age. A greater incidence of radiation syndrome was observed among male atomic bomb survivors. Trauma data show increased mortality in males, apparently due to immunological differences between genders. Limited data suggest vulnerability in the very young and old due to immunological status and comorbidities, respectively. Certain genetically susceptible subpopulations demonstrate marked increased sensitivity to radiation exposure. Interaction of radiation and comorbid conditions has not been well studied; however, burn and trauma data indicate that comorbidities negatively impact response to acute injury. Key factors evaluated together with their prevalence indicate the importance of modeling demographic variability in casualty estimations. Also they can help identify vulnerable subpopulations and provide insight on treatment requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Stricklin
- Applied Research Associates, Inc., Nuclear and Radiation Effects Group, Arlington, VA 22203, USA.
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Petersen L, Sørensen TIA. Studies based on the Danish Adoption Register: schizophrenia, BMI, smoking, and mortality in perspective. Scand J Public Health 2011; 39:191-5. [PMID: 21775382 DOI: 10.1177/1403494810396560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The genetic and familial environmental influences making up familial correlations in traits and familial aggregation of diseases may be disentangled by adoption studies. Thus, resemblance between the adoptee and the biological relatives indicates a contribution of the segregating gene they have in common, and resemblance between the adoptee and the rearing adoptive family members indicates influences of the shared family environment. The Danish Adoption Register includes information on all 14,425 non-familial adoptions of Danish children legally granted in Denmark from 1924 to 1947. RESEARCH TOPICS To illustrate the adoption study approach in research, we present results achieved in schizophrenia, body fatness, smoking, and mortality. Significantly higher prevalence of schizophrenia and related conditions were found in biological relatives to adoptees with schizophrenia than among biological relatives to adoptees without schizophrenia. Clear trends in body mass index of biological relatives and the weight of adoptees were found in several settings. A genetic influence on smoking habits were found within a generation. A moderate genetic influence on the mortality rate has been found. CONCLUSION The Danish Adoption Register has contributed to the knowledge about environmental and genetic influence in various fields. Genetic influence on the risk of schizophrenia, body fatness, smoking habits, and on the mortality rate has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Petersen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-1357 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Danish Adoption Register was established in 1963-1964 to explore the genetic and environmental contribution to familial aggregation of schizophrenia. CONTENT The register encompass information on all 14,425 non-familial adoptions of Danish children legally granted in Denmark 1924-1947. It includes name and date of birth of each adoptee and his or her biological and adoptive parents, date of transfer to adoptive parents and date of formal adoption. VALIDITY AND COVERAGE The linkage to biological and adoptive parents is close to complete, even biological fathers are registered for 91.4% of the adoptees. CONCLUSION Adoption registers are a unique source allowing disentangling of genetic and familial environmental influences on traits, risk of diseases, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Petersen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, DK-1357 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Petersen L, Sørensen TIA, Mortensen EL, Andersen PK. Excess mortality rate during adulthood among Danish adoptees. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14365. [PMID: 21179553 PMCID: PMC3002937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Adoption studies have been used to disentangle the influence of genes from shared familial environment on various traits and disease risks. However, both the factors leading to adoption and living as an adoptee may bias the studies with regard to the relative influence of genes and environment compared to the general population. The aim was to investigate whether the cohort of domestic adoptees used for these studies in Denmark is similar to the general population with respect to all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality rates. METHODS 13,111 adoptees born in Denmark in 1917, or later, and adopted in 1924 to 1947 were compared to all Danes from the same birth cohorts using standardized mortality ratios (SMR). The 12,729 adoptees alive in 1970 were similarly compared to all Danes using SMR as well as cause-specific SMR. RESULTS The excess in all-cause mortality before age 65 years in adoptees was estimated to be 1.30 (95% CI 1.26-1.35). Significant excess mortality before age 65 years was also observed for infections, vascular deaths, cancer, alcohol-related deaths and suicide. Analyses including deaths after age 65 generally showed slightly less excess in mortality, but the excess was significant for all-cause mortality, cancer, alcohol-related deaths and suicides. CONCLUSION Adoptees have an increased all-cause mortality compared to the general population. All major specific causes of death contributed, and the highest excess is seen for alcohol-related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Petersen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, and Institute of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Department of Biostatistics, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Waller K, Kujala UM, Rantanen T, Kauppinen M, Silventoinen K, Koskenvuo M, Kaprio J. Physical activity, morbidity and mortality in twins: a 24-year prospective follow-up. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25:731-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-010-9493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Petersen L, Andersen PK, Sørensen TIA. Genetic influences on incidence and case-fatality of infectious disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10603. [PMID: 20498716 PMCID: PMC2871036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Family, twin and adoption studies suggest that genetic susceptibility contributes to familial aggregation of infectious diseases or to death from infections. We estimated genetic and shared environmental influences separately on the risk of acquiring an infection (incidence) and on dying from it (case fatality). Methods Genetic influences were estimated by the association between rates of hospitalization for infections and between case-fatality rates of adoptees and their biological full- and half- siblings. Familial environmental influences were investigated in adoptees and their adoptive siblings. Among 14,425 non-familial adoptions, granted in Denmark during the period 1924–47, we selected 1,603 adoptees, who had been hospitalized for infections and/or died with infection between 1977 and 1993. Their siblings were considered predisposed to infection, and compared with non-predisposed siblings of randomly selected 1,348 adoptees alive in 1993 and not hospitalized for infections in the observation period. The risk ratios presented were based on a Cox regression model. Results Among 9971 identified siblings, 2829 had been hospitalised for infections. The risk of infectious disease was increased among predisposed compared with non-predisposed in both biological (1.18; 95% confidence limits 1.03–1.36) and adoptive siblings (1.23; 0.98–1.53). The risk of a fatal outcome of the infections was strongly increased (9.36; 2.94–29.8) in biological full siblings, but such associations were not observed for the biological half siblings or for the adoptive siblings. Conclusion Risk of getting infections appears to be weakly influenced by both genetically determined susceptibility to infection and by family environment, whereas there appears to be a strong non-additive genetic influence on risk of fatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Petersen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Obel N, Christensen K, Petersen I, Sørensen TIA, Skytthe A. Genetic and environmental influences on risk of death due to infections assessed in Danish twins, 1943-2001. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 171:1007-13. [PMID: 20375195 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic differences have been proposed to play a strong role in risk of death from infectious diseases. The study base of 44,005 included all same-sex twin pairs born in 1870-2001, with both twins alive on January 1, 1943, or those born thereafter. Cause of death was obtained from the Danish Cause of Death Register and was available for 18,359 deaths. The authors classified death due to infections by 3 definitions (narrow, broader, and broadest) and calculated concordance rates for same-sex monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Heritability was estimated by using structural equation models. When the 3 definitions were applied, 211 (1.1%), 1,089 (5.9%), and 2,907 (15.8%) deaths, respectively, were due to infections. The probandwise concordance rates for monozygotic twin pairs were consistently higher than for dizygotic twin pairs regardless of the definition (9% vs. 0% (P = 0.04), 10% vs. 3% (P < 0.01), and 19% vs. 15% (P = 0.07), respectively). For the broader and broadest definitions, heritability was 40% (95% confidence interval: 12, 50) and 19% (95% confidence interval: 3, 35), respectively. The concordance rates were generally low, and, although a genetic influence on the risk of death from infectious diseases could be demonstrated, the absolute effect of the genetic component on mortality was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Petersen L, Sørensen TIA, Andersen PK. A shared frailty model for case-cohort samples: Parent and offspring relations in an adoption study. Stat Med 2010; 29:924-31. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Tikhonoff V, Kuznetsova T, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Richart T, Kawecka-Jaszcz K, Casiglia E, Staessen JA. Modulation of genetic cardiovascular risk by age and lifestyle. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-008-0070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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