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Zareie F, Ghalebandi S, Askari K, Mousavi Z, Haghparast A. Orexin receptors in the CA1 region of hippocampus modulate the stress-induced antinociceptive responses in an animal model of persistent inflammatory pain. Peptides 2022; 147:170679. [PMID: 34718063 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stress activates multiple neural pathways and neurotransmitters that often suppress pain perception, the phenomenon called stress-induced analgesia (SIA). Orexin neurons from the lateral hypothalamus project to entire brain structures such as the hippocampus. The present study examined this hypothesis that orexinergic receptors in the CA1 region of the hippocampus may play a modulatory role in the development of SIA in formalin test as an animal model of persistent inflammatory pain. One hundred-two adult male Wistar rats were administered with intra-CA1 orexin-1 receptor (OX1r) antagonist, SB334867, at the doses of 3, 10, 30, and 100 nmol or TCS OX2 29 as orexin-2 receptor (OX2r) antagonist at the doses of 1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol. Five min later, rats were exposed to forced swim stress (FSS) for a 6-min period. Then, pain-related behaviors induced by formalin injection were measured at the 5-min blocks during a 60-min period of formalin test. The current study indicated that solely stress exposure elicits antinociception in the early and late phases of the formalin test. The FSS-induced analgesia was prevented by intra-CA1 administration of SB334867 or TCS OX2 29 during either phase of the formalin test. Moreover, the contribution of the OX2r in the mediation of analgesic effect of stress was more prominent than that of the OX1r during both phases of the formalin test. It is suggested that OX1r and OX2r in the CA1 region of the hippocampus are involved in stress-induced analgesia in the animal model of persistent inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zareie
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedehdelaram Ghalebandi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, T.R. North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Kobra Askari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pourreza P, Haghparast A, Sadeghi M, Nazari-Serenjeh F, Askari K, Haghparast A. Orexin-2 receptor antagonism in the cornu ammonis 1 region of hippocampus prevented the antinociceptive responses induced by chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in the animal model of persistent pain. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:515-523. [PMID: 34320521 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Orexins are excitatory neuropeptides, mainly produced by neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus, which project to many brain areas. The orexinergic system plays a fundamental role in arousal, sleep/wakefulness, feeding, energy homeostasis, motivation, reward, stress and pain modulation. As a prominent part of the limbic system, the hippocampus has been involved in formalin-induced nociception modulation. Moreover, hippocampus regions express both orexin-1 (OX1) and orexin-2 (OX2) receptors. The present study investigated the role of OX2 receptors (OX2R) within the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus in the mediation of lateral hypothalamus-induced antinociception. Fifty-three male Wistar rats were unilaterally implanted with two separate cannulae into the lateral hypothalamus and CA1. Animals were pretreated with intra-CA1 TCS OX2 29 as an OX2R antagonist before intra-lateral hypothalamus administration of carbachol (250 nM) as a muscarinic agonist for chemical stimulation of orexinergic neurons. Formalin test was used as an animal model of persistent pain, following intra-lateral hypothalamus carbachol microinjection. Results showed that the chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus significantly attenuated formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviors during both phases of the formalin test, and administration of TCS OX2 29 into the CA1 blocked these antinociceptive responses in both phases, especially in the late phase. These findings suggest that OX2 receptors in the CA1 partially mediate the lateral hypothalamus-induced antinociceptive responses in persistent inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooya Pourreza
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university
| | - Amir Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mehdi Sadeghi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr
| | | | - Kobra Askari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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Zargarani A, Karimi-Haghighi S, Haghparast A. Role of hippocampal orexin receptors in antinociception elicited by chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in the tail-flick test. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113492. [PMID: 34329671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) orexinergic neurons project to numerous brain regions implicated in pain perception, including the CA1 part of the hippocampal formation. Moreover, the roles of orexin receptors (OXRs) in the CA1 in anti-analgesic consequences of the LH chemical stimulation by carbachol, muscarinic receptor agonist, in acute pain have not been clarified. The current research showed OXRs antagonist administration's effect in the CA1 on analgesia elicited by the LH chemical stimulation in a tail-flick test as an acute model of pain. The control groups, including vehicle-control groups, were given intra-LH administration of saline (0.5 μL), following intra-CA1 infusion of DMSO (12 %; 0.5 μL), and carbachol-control groups were treated with carbachol (250 nM/0.5 μL saline) into the LH following DMSO in the CA1. Treated groups received SB334867 (1, 3, 10, and 30 nM/0.5 μL DMSO) or TCS OX2 29 (0.1, 1, 10, and 20 nM/0.5 μL DMSO) as OX1R or OX2R antagonist, respectively, in the CA1 prior intra-LH administration of carbachol. After all injections, all rats underwent the tail-flick test over a 60-min time. Infusion of SB334867 or TCS OX2 29 in the CA1 impaired the analgesic consequences following chemical stimulation of the LH in acute pain. Meanwhile suppressive impact of the OX1R or OX2R antagonist on the analgesic impact of LH chemical stimulation was approximately identical. The current investigation provided a new document about the critical involvement of hippocampal orexinergic system in the modulatory role of the LH-CA1 path in pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Zargarani
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Torkamand F, Aghakhani-Lobnani AM, Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H, Rashvand M, Rahban M, Haghparast A. The role of dentate gyrus dopaminergic receptors in the lateral hypothalamic-induced antinociception during persistent inflammatory pain in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 412:113434. [PMID: 34175356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is one of the key brain areas involved in pain modulation. Also, the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus expresses various receptors, including dopaminergic receptors. Dopaminergic receptors play a key role in pain transmission and modulation within the brain. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of DG dopaminergic receptors in the LH-induced antinociception during the presence of inflammatory pain. Male Wistar rats were used in this study. Cannulae were unilaterally implanted in their skull for microinjections into the LH and DG. The LH was chemically stimulated by carbachol injection (250 nM/0.5 μl saline). In separate groups, different doses (0.25, 1, and 4 μg/0.5 μl vehicle) of the D1- and D2-like dopamine receptor antagonists (SCH23390 and Sulpiride, respectively) were microinjected into the DG, 5 min prior to intra-LH injection of carbachol. Five min after the second injection, formalin test as a persistent inflammatory pain model in animals was done in all rats. The results revealed that carbachol could induce antinociception following formalin injection into rat's hind paw. The 4 μg dose of both antagonists significantly reduced the LH stimulation-induced antinociception in both phases of formalin pain responses. Although the 1 μg dose of sulpiride significantly reduced antinociception during both phases, 1 μg SCH23390 could only reduce this antinociception during the late phase. These findings demonstrate the involvement of DG dopaminergic receptors in the LH-induced antinociception. The results also suggest that the effectiveness of DG dopaminergic receptors is more pronounced during the late phase of formalin-induced pain responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Torkamand
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Mina Rashvand
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahban
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Siemian JN, Arenivar MA, Sarsfield S, Borja CB, Erbaugh LJ, Eagle AL, Robison AJ, Leinninger G, Aponte Y. An excitatory lateral hypothalamic circuit orchestrating pain behaviors in mice. eLife 2021; 10:e66446. [PMID: 34042586 PMCID: PMC8159376 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how neuronal circuits control nociceptive processing will advance the search for novel analgesics. We use functional imaging to demonstrate that lateral hypothalamic parvalbumin-positive (LHPV) glutamatergic neurons respond to acute thermal stimuli and a persistent inflammatory irritant. Moreover, their chemogenetic modulation alters both pain-related behavioral adaptations and the unpleasantness of a noxious stimulus. In two models of persistent pain, optogenetic activation of LHPV neurons or their ventrolateral periaqueductal gray area (vlPAG) axonal projections attenuates nociception, and neuroanatomical tracing reveals that LHPV neurons preferentially target glutamatergic over GABAergic neurons in the vlPAG. By contrast, LHPV projections to the lateral habenula regulate aversion but not nociception. Finally, we find that LHPV activation evokes additive to synergistic antinociceptive interactions with morphine and restores morphine antinociception following the development of morphine tolerance. Our findings identify LHPV neurons as a lateral hypothalamic cell type involved in nociception and demonstrate their potential as a target for analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Siemian
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Miguel A Arenivar
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Sarah Sarsfield
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Cara B Borja
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Lydia J Erbaugh
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Andrew L Eagle
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Gina Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology at Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
| | - Yeka Aponte
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H, Rashvand M, Haghparast A. Role of D1- and D2-like dopamine receptors within the dentate gyrus in antinociception induced by chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in an animal model of acute pain. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kang X, Tang H, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Wang M. Research progress on the mechanism of orexin in pain regulation in different brain regions. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:46-52. [PMID: 33817297 PMCID: PMC7874592 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orexin is a neuropeptide that is primarily synthesized and secreted by the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and includes two substances derived from the same precursor (orexin A [OXA] and orexin B [OXB]). Studies have shown that orexin is not only involved in the regulation of eating, the sleep–wake cycle, and energy metabolism, but also closely associated with various physiological functions, such as cardiovascular control, reproduction, stress, reward, addiction, and the modulation of pain transmission. At present, studies that have been performed both domestically and abroad have confirmed that orexin and its receptors are closely associated with pain regulation. In this article, the research progress on acute pain regulation involving orexin is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Hongli Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Jiangnan University, No.1000 Hefeng Road, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 84 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 84 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221002, People’s Republic of China
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Salehi S, Kashfi K, Manaheji H, Haghparast A. Chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus induces antiallodynic and anti-thermal hyperalgesic effects in animal model of neuropathic pain: Involvement of orexin receptors in the spinal cord. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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9
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The contribution of orexin receptors within the ventral tegmental area to modulation of antinociception induced by chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in the animal model of orofacial pain in the rats. Behav Pharmacol 2019; 31:500-509. [DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Brojeni MS, Rashvand M, Haghparast A. Role of orexin receptors within the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in antinociception induced by chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus in the tail-flick test as a model of acute pain in rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 209:112595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Siemian JN, Borja CB, Sarsfield S, Kisner A, Aponte Y. Lateral hypothalamic fast-spiking parvalbumin neurons modulate nociception through connections in the periaqueductal gray area. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12026. [PMID: 31427712 PMCID: PMC6700312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A pivotal role of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in regulating appetitive and reward-related behaviors has been evident for decades. However, the contributions of LH circuits to other survival behaviors have been less explored. Here we examine how lateral hypothalamic neurons that express the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PVALB; LHPV neurons), a small cluster of neurons within the LH glutamatergic circuitry, modulate nociception in mice. We find that photostimulation of LHPV neurons suppresses nociception to an acute, noxious thermal stimulus, whereas photoinhibition potentiates thermal nociception. Moreover, we demonstrate that LHPV axons form functional excitatory synapses on neurons in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), and photostimulation of these axons mediates antinociception to both thermal and chemical visceral noxious stimuli. Interestingly, this antinociceptive effect appears to occur independently of opioidergic mechanisms, as antagonism of μ-opioid receptors with systemically-administered naltrexone does not abolish the antinociception evoked by activation of this LHPV→vlPAG pathway. This study directly implicates LHPV neurons in modulating nociception, thus expanding the repertoire of survival behaviors regulated by LH circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Siemian
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6823, USA
| | - Cara B Borja
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6823, USA
| | - Sarah Sarsfield
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6823, USA
| | - Alexandre Kisner
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6823, USA
| | - Yeka Aponte
- Neuronal Circuits and Behavior Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224-6823, USA. .,The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Berrendero F, Flores Á, Robledo P. When orexins meet cannabinoids: Bidirectional functional interactions. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 157:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Imperatore R, D'Angelo L, Safari O, Motlagh HA, Piscitelli F, de Girolamo P, Cristino L, Varricchio E, di Marzo V, Paolucci M. Overlapping Distribution of Orexin and Endocannabinoid Receptors and Their Functional Interaction in the Brain of Adult Zebrafish. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:62. [PMID: 30104964 PMCID: PMC6077257 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypocretins/Orexins neuropeptides are known to regulate numerous physiological functions, such as energy homeostasis, food intake, sleep/wake cycle, arousal and wakefulness, in vertebrates. Previous studies on mice have revealed an intriguing orexins/endocannabinoids (ECs) signaling interaction at both structural and functional levels, with OX-A behaving as a strong enhancer of 2-arachydonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) biosynthesis. In this study, we describe, for the first time in the brain of zebrafish, the anatomical distribution and co-expression of orexin (OX-2R) and endocannabinoid (CB1R) receptors, suggesting a functional interaction. The immunohistochemical colocalization of these receptors by confocal imaging in the dorsal and ventral telencephalon, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SC), thalamus, hypothalamus, preoptic area (PO) and cerebellum, is reported. Moreover, biochemical quantification of 2-AG levels by LC-MS supports the occurrence of OX-A-induced 2-AG biosynthesis in the zebrafish brain after 3 h of OX-A intraperitoneal (i.p.; 3 pmol/g) or intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.; 0.3 pmol/g) injection. This effect is likely mediated by OX-2R as it is counteracted by i.p./i.c.v administration of OX-2R antagonist (SB334867, 10 pmol/g). This study provides compelling morphological and functional evidence of an OX-2R/CB1R signaling interaction in the brain of adult zebrafish, suggesting the use of this well-established vertebrate animal model for the study of complex and phylogenetically conserved physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Livia D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Omid Safari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ahmadniaye Motlagh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Paolo de Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigia Cristino
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Vincenzo di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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Pourreza P, Babapour V, Haghparast A. Role of dorsal hippocampal orexin-1 receptors in modulation of antinociception induced by chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Physiol Behav 2018; 185:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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