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Valek L, Tran BN, Tegeder I. Cold avoidance and heat pain hypersensitivity in neuronal nucleoredoxin knockout mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 192:84-97. [PMID: 36126861 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin is a thioredoxin-like oxidoreductase that mainly acts as oxidase and thereby regulates calcium calmodulin kinase Camk2a, an effector of nitric oxide mediated synaptic potentiation and nociceptive sensitization. We asked here if and how NXN affects thermal sensation and nociception in mice using pan-neuronal NXN deletion driven by Nestin-Cre, and sensory neuron specific deletion driven by Advillin-Cre. In a thermal gradient ring, where mice can freely choose the temperature of well-being, Nestin-NXN-/- mice avoided unpleasant cold temperatures. In neuropathic and inflammatory nociceptive models, Nestin-NXN-/- and Advillin-NXN-/- mice displayed subtle phenotypes of heightened heat nociception. Abnormal thermal in vivo responses were associated with heightened calcium influx upon stimulation of transient receptor channels, with heightened oxygen consumption upon disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and with higher density of neurite trees of primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia in cultures. The data suggest that loss of NXN's balancing redox functions leads to maladaptive changes in sensory neurons that manifest in vivo as polyneuropathy-like abnormal cold sensitivity and heat "pain".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Valek
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bao Ngoc Tran
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Irmgard Tegeder
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Faculty of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.
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The Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinases II and IV as Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094307. [PMID: 33919163 PMCID: PMC8122486 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CaMKII and CaMKIV are calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases playing a rudimentary role in many regulatory processes in the organism. These kinases attract increasing interest due to their involvement primarily in memory and plasticity and various cellular functions. Although CaMKII and CaMKIV are mostly recognized as the important cogs in a memory machine, little is known about their effect on mood and role in neuropsychiatric diseases etiology. Here, we aimed to review the structure and functions of CaMKII and CaMKIV, as well as how these kinases modulate the animals’ behavior to promote antidepressant-like, anxiolytic-like, and procognitive effects. The review will help in the understanding of the roles of the above kinases in the selected neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, and this knowledge can be used in future drug design.
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Frinchi M, Mudò G, Serio RM, Belluardo N, Buccella S, Carluccio M, Condorelli DF, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Uncovering the Signaling Pathway behind Extracellular Guanine-Induced Activation of NO System: New Perspectives in Memory-Related Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:110. [PMID: 29515443 PMCID: PMC5826394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the guanine-based purines stand out as key player in cell metabolism and in several models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Guanosine (GUO) and guanine (GUA) are extracellular signaling molecules derived from the breakdown of the correspondent nucleotide, GTP, and their intracellular and extracellular levels are regulated by the fine-tuned activity of two major enzymes, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and guanine deaminase (GDA). Noteworthy, GUO and GUA, seem to play opposite roles in the modulation of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory. Indeed GUO, despite exerting neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic and neurotrophic effects, causes a decay of cognitive activities, whereas GUA administration in rats results in working memory improvement (prevented by L-NAME pre-treatment). This study was designed to investigate, in a model of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, the signal transduction pathway activated by extracellular GUA. Altogether, our results showed that: (i) in addition to an enhanced phosphorylation of ASK1, p38 and JNK, likely linked to a non-massive and transient ROS production, the PKB/NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG/ERK cascade seems to be the main signaling pathway elicited by extracellular GUA; (ii) the activation of this pathway occurs in a pertussis-toxin sensitive manner, thus suggesting the involvement of a putative G protein coupled receptor; (iii) the GUA-induced NO production, strongly reduced by cell pre-treatment with L-NAME, is negatively modulated by the EPAC-cAMP-CaMKII pathway, which causes the over-expression of GDA that, in turn, reduces the levels of GUA. These molecular mechanisms activated by GUA may be useful to support our previous observation showing that GUA improves learning and memory functions through the stimulation of NO signaling pathway, and underscore the therapeutic potential of oral administration of guanine for treating memory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvana Buccella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Sanna MD, Monti M, Casella L, Roggeri R, Galeotti N, Morbidelli L. Neuronal effects of a nickel-piperazine/NO donor complex in rodents. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:162-73. [PMID: 26094781 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, NO is a very important molecule in the regulation of cerebral and extra cerebral cranial blood flow and arterial diameters. It is also importantly involved in many neuronal functions and innumerable roles of NO in many brain related disorders including epilepsy, schizophrenia, drug addiction, anxiety, major depression, have been postulated. The present study aimed to explore the neuronal role exerted by the metal-nonoate compound Ni(PipNONO)Cl, a novel NO donor whose vascular protective effects have been recently demonstrated. Ni(PipNONO)Cl showed antidepressant-like properties in the tail suspension test and antiamnesic activity in the passive avoidance test in the absence of any hypernociceptive response to a mechanical stimulus. These effects were related to the NO-releasing properties of the compound within the central nervous system as demonstrated by the increase of iNOS levels in the brain, spinal cord and dura mater. The modulation of neuronal functions appeared after acute and repeated treatment, showing the lack of any tolerance to neuronal effects. At the dose used (10 mg/kg i.p.), Ni(PipNONO)Cl did not induce any visible sign of toxicity and experiments were performed in the absence of locomotor impairments. In addition to the NO-related neuronal activities of Ni(PipNONO)Cl, the decomposition control compound Ni(Pip)Cl2 showed anxiogenic-like and procognitive effects. The present findings showed neuronal modulatory activity of Ni(PipNONO)Cl through a NO-mediated mechanism. The activities of the decomposition compound Ni(Pip)Cl2 attributed to Ni(PipNONO)Cl the capability to modulate additional neuronal functions independently from NO releasing properties extending and improving the therapeutic perspectives of the NO donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Domenica Sanna
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Monti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Noxamet Ltd, Via Besana 2, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Casella
- Noxamet Ltd, Via Besana 2, 20122 Milano, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Noxamet Ltd, Via Besana 2, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Modulation of the Nitrergic Pathway via Activation of PPAR-γ Contributes to the Neuroprotective Effect of Pioglitazone Against Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Dysfunction. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:739-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nitric oxide mediates the beneficial effect of chronic naltrexone on cholestasis-induced memory impairment in male rats. Behav Pharmacol 2013; 24:195-206. [PMID: 23591123 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0b013e3283618a8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest an augmentation of endogenous opioids following bile duct ligation (BDL) and their pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cholestasis. In this study, the effect of naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, was determined on cholestasis-induced memory impairment and the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in this effect. Male Albino-Wistar rats were randomized to sham-operated and BDL-operated groups. In each group, animals were treated for up to 28 days with saline; naltrexone (10 mg/kg); naltrexone and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (3, 10 mg/kg); naltrexone and aminoguanidine, an inducible NOS inhibitor (100 mg/kg); or methylnaltrexone, a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Spatial recognition memory was determined in a Y-maze task on the day before surgery and days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after surgery. Memory performance was impaired 14 days after BDL in cholestatic rats and was significantly reversed by chronic treatment with naltrexone at days 14, 21, and 28 after BDL. On day 21 after BDL, chronic L-NAME produced only a nonsignificant decrease in the beneficial effect of naltrexone, whereas on day 28, chronic administration of both L-NAME and aminoguanidine significantly reversed this effect of naltrexone. It is therefore shown in this study that naltrexone improves BDL-induced memory deficit in rats. We conclude that the memory impairment in cholestatic rats might be because of an increase in the level of endogenous opioids and that naltrexone improved the spatial recognition memory by antagonizing opioid receptors. The observation that the procognitive effect of naltrexone is counteracted either by general inhibition of NOS enzymes or by selective inhibition of inducible NOS suggests the nitrergic pathway as a probable mechanism involved in the amelioration of spatial recognition memory by naltrexone in BDL rats.
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Babaei R, Javadi-Paydar M, Sharifian M, Mahdavian S, Almasi-Nasrabadi M, Norouzi A, Dehpour AR. Involvement of nitric oxide in pioglitazone memory improvement in morphine-induced memory impaired mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:313-21. [PMID: 22944106 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, which is clinically used in treating diabetic patients, has been recently reported to have crucial roles in improving cognition and memory performance. Since the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone are not entirely understood, the current study was designed to investigate the possible interaction of pioglitazone with morphine in memory-impaired mice and the probable role of nitric oxide (NO) in this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS All the experiments were performed in passive avoidance and Y-maze paradigms. To induce memory impairment, mice were administered morphine (1, 3 and 10mg/kg, s.c.) immediately before the training trial. Pioglitazone (20, 40 and 80mg/kg, p.o.) was gavaged 2h prior to the training trial. Further, an NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (10mg/kg, i.p.), or an inducible NO synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine (100mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before the training trial to determine the possible involvement of NO in the restorative effect of pioglitazone. RESULTS 1) Morphine dose dependently impaired the acquisition of spatial memory and passive avoidance task. 2) Treatment with pioglitazone significantly improved the memory performance in morphine-treated mice in both tests. 3) In the passive avoidance task, L-NAME, but not aminoguanidine, altered the effect of pioglitazone on morphine-induced memory impairment. 4) In Y-maze discrimination, the memory improving effect of pioglitazone was reversed by both NO synthase inhibitors, L-NAME and aminoguanidine. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate that the pioglitazone improving effect on the morphine-induced impairment of memory acquisition is at least in part through the NO pathway. It is suggested that in short term spatial recognition memory, both inducible and constitutive NO synthases are involved, but in the long term fear memory, only the constitutive NO synthases indicated a prominent role in the anti-amnestic effect of pioglitazone on morphine-induced memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Babaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Almasi-Nasrabadi M, Javadi-Paydar M, Mahdavian S, Babaei R, Sharifian M, Norouzi A, Dehpour AR. Involvement of NMDA receptors in the beneficial effects of pioglitazone on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Behav Brain Res 2012; 231:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Involvement of nitric oxide in granisetron improving effect on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Brain Res 2011; 1429:61-71. [PMID: 21875703 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Granisetron, a serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist, widely used as an antiemetic drug following chemotherapy, has been found to improve learning and memory. In this study, effects of granisetron on spatial recognition memory and fear memory and the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) have been determined in a Y-maze and passive avoidance test. Granisetron (3, 10mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered to scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice prior to acquisition, consolidation and retrieval phases, either in the presence or in the absence of a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, l-NAME (3, 10mg/kg, intraperitoneally); a specific inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (100mg/kg); and a NO precursor, l-arginine (750 mg/kg). It is demonstrated that granisetron improved memory acquisition in a dose-dependent manner, but it was ineffective on consolidation and retrieval phases of memory. The beneficial effect of granisetron (10mg/kg) on memory acquisition was significantly reversed by l-NAME (10mg/kg) and aminoguanidine (100mg/kg); however, l-arginine (750 mg/kg) did not potentiate the effect of sub-effective dose of granisetron (3mg/kg) in memory acquisition phase. It is concluded that nitric oxide is probably involved in improvement of memory acquisition by granisetron in both spatial recognition memory and fear memory. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Cognitive Neuroscience.
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Javadi-Paydar M, Rayatnia F, Fakhraei N, Zakeri M, Mirazi N, Norouzi A, Dehpour AR. Atorvastatin improved scopolamine-induced impairment in memory acquisition in mice: involvement of nitric oxide. Brain Res 2011; 1386:89-99. [PMID: 21354117 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Atorvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, widely used in treatment of hypercholesterolemia, slows the progression of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. In this study, effects of atorvastatin on acquisition of spatial recognition memory and the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) have been determined in a two-trial recognition Y-maze test and passive avoidance. Atorvastatin (1, 5mg/kg, p.o.) was administered prior to acquisition phase, either in presence or in absence of a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (3, 10mg/kg, i.p.); a specific inducible NO synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine (100mg/kg); and a NO precursor, l-arginine (750mg/kg). RESULTS Atorvastatin significantly improved memory performance in a dose-dependent manner in acquisition of recognition memory, in both Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. 1) Atorvastatin (5mg/kg) significantly increased both exploration time and number of arm entries in scopolamine-treated mice in Y-maze. 2) The beneficial effects of atorvastatin on memory acquisition were significantly reversed by L-NAME (3mg/kg) and aminoguanidine (100mg/kg). 3) The effects of sub-effective dose of atorvastatin (1mg/kg) on memory acquisition were not potentiated by l-arginine (750mg/kg); 4) Administration of atorvastatin (5mg/kg) significantly increased step-through latency in scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice. 5) Beneficial effect of atorvastatin on passive avoidance was not reversed by L-NAME (up to 10mg/kg). 6) The effects of sub-effective dose of atorvastatin (1mg/kg) on passive avoidance were not potentiated by l-arginine (750mg/kg). The present study demonstrates that atorvastatin improved both short-spatial recognition memory and fear memory. As this effect is reversed by L-NAME and aminoguanidine in short-term memory acquisition, it is concluded that NO might be involved in spatial memory improvement by atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrak Javadi-Paydar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Allami N, Javadi-Paydar M, Rayatnia F, Sehhat K, Rahimian R, Norouzi A, Dehpour AR. Suppression of nitric oxide synthesis by L-NAME reverses the beneficial effects of pioglitazone on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 650:240-8. [PMID: 20951129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pioglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which is widely used in treatment of type 2 diabetes, has shown some therapeutic effect in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, effects of acute pioglitazone on acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of memory, and also the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the effects of pioglitazone on spatial recognition memory has been investigated in a two-trial recognition Y-maze test and passive avoidance in mice. Memory impairment was induced by scopolamine (1mg/kg, i.p.). Pioglitazone (10 and 20mg/kg, p.o.) was administrated prior to either acquisition, consolidation or retention trials, while L-NAME (N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester), a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, was administered (10mg/kg, i.p.) 30min before each trial. RESULTS 1) pioglitazone improved the acquisition of recognition spatial memory-impaired by scopolamine; L-NAME dramatically reversed improving effects of pioglitazone on memory acquisition; 2) pioglitazone did not change the consolidation of spatial memory, impaired by scopolamine; 3) pioglitazone improved the retrieval of spatial memory and L-NAME did not alter the beneficial effect of pioglitazone; 4) pioglitazone did not affect scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test. The present study demonstrates the beneficial effect of acute pioglitazone administration on acquisition and retrieval of scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits. This effect was reversed only in acquisition phase by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, therefore, it could be concluded that NO might be involved in the pioglitazone beneficial effect of spatial memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Allami
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Calixto AV, Duarte FS, Duzzioni M, Nascimento Häckl LP, Faria MS, De Lima TCM. Role of ventral hippocampal nitric oxide/cGMP pathway in anxiety-related behaviors in rats submitted to the elevated T-maze. Behav Brain Res 2009; 207:112-7. [PMID: 19800925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathways have been implicated in the control of a variety of physiological mechanisms and are believed to participate in the modulation of anxiety in the CNS. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), a non-selective inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS); 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a preferential inhibitor of neuronal NOS; and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, administered into the ventral hippocampus (VH) of rats submitted to the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM, an animal model derived from the elevated plus-maze, allows the measurement of two defensive behavioral responses in the same rat: inhibitory avoidance and escape. Results showed that L-NAME and 7-NI impaired the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance and prolonged escape latency in the ETM, suggesting an anxiolytic-like and panicolytic-like effect, respectively. SNP facilitated the acquisition of inhibitory avoidance without interfering with escape performance, suggesting an anxiogenic-like effect. Treatment with methylene blue did not alter per se any of the behavioral responses measured in the ETM, but blocked the effect promoted by SNP. Thus, altogether these results suggest that NO in the VH is critically involved in the modulation of defensive behavior of rats exposed to the ETM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Activation of hippocampal nitric oxide and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in response to Morris water maze learning in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 92:260-6. [PMID: 19135080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the interactive roles of nitric oxide (NO) and CaM-kinase II (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in Morris water maze learning. In Experiment I, experimental rats received 5 days of training on a Morris water maze, where the controls were trained in the water maze with no spatial cue condition or were trained via a visually guided landmark condition. The experimental rats showed improvement in their rate of spatial learning in the water maze. The escape latencies were significantly correlated with the Ca2+-independent activity of the hippocampal CaM-kinase II. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the endogenous phosphorylation of neuronal NOS and CaM-kinase II in the experimental group when compared to the controls. The intra-hippocampal infusion of 7-NI, KN-93, or AP5 did disrupt water maze learning. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that these drugs significantly depressed phosphorylation of hippocampal NOS. The Ca2+-independent activity of hippocampal CaM-kinase II was significantly lower in the KN-93 or the AP5 infused group when compared to the controls. Although these depressed activities were not reversed by the infusion of NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP), the rats' water maze learning behavior were ameliorated significantly. These results, taken together, indicate that the NOS activation is essential for water maze learning, which may be triggered via the CaM-kinase II activation in hippocampus.
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Costanzi M, Saraulli D, Rossi-Arnaud C, Aceti M, Cestari V. Memory impairment induced by an interfering task is reverted by pre-frontal cortex lesions: a possible role for an inhibitory process in memory suppression in mice. Neuroscience 2008; 158:503-13. [PMID: 18790014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Interference theory refers to the idea that forgetting occurs because the recall of certain items interferes with the recall of other items. Recently, it has been proposed that interference is due to an inhibitory control mechanism, triggered by competing memories, that ultimately causes forgetting [Anderson MC (2003) Rethinking interference theory: Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting. J Mem Lang 49:415-4453]. In the present research we study the interference process by submitting CD1 mice to two different hippocampal-dependent tasks: a place object recognition task (PORT) and a step-through inhibitory avoidance task (IA). Our results show a mutual interference between PORT and IA. To elucidate the possible neural mechanism underlying the interference process, we submit hippocampus- and prefrontal cortex-lesioned mice to PORT immediately before IA training. Results from these experiments show that prefrontal cortex lesions completely revert the impairing effect exerted by PORT administration on IA memory, while hippocampus lesions, that as expected impair memory for both PORT and IA, increase this effect. Altogether our results suggest that interference-induced forgetting is driven by an inhibitory control mechanism through activation of hippocampus-prefrontal cortex circuitry. The hippocampus seems to be crucial for storing information related to both behavioral tasks. Competition between memories triggers the inhibitory control mechanism, by activating prefrontal cortex, and induces memory suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Costanzi
- Istituto di Neuroscienze del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64-00143 Roma, Italy
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Spolidório PCM, Echeverry MB, Iyomasa M, Guimarães FS, Del Bel EA. Anxiolytic effects induced by inhibition of the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in the rat dorsal hippocampus. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 195:183-92. [PMID: 17661019 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Conflicting results have been reported regarding the role of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the hippocampus on anxiety modulation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of intrahippocampal injections of drugs that modify the NO-cGMP pathway in rats submitted to two animal models that are sensitive to anxiolytic drugs, the elevated plus-maze and the Vogel punished licking test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats with cannulae aimed at the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus received microinjections of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors N (G)-nitro-L: -arginine methyl ester (LNAME, 15-300 nmol/0.2 microl), N (G)-nitro-L: -arginine (LNOARG, 50-300 nmol/0.2 microl), 7-nitroindazole (7NI, 10-100 nmol/0.2 microl), or the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-oxadiazolo-quinoxalin-1 one (ODQ, 10-100 nmol/0.2 microl), and were submitted to the elevated plus-maze. In a second group, the animals received 7NI, LNAME, or ODQ and were submitted to the Vogel punished licking test. To control for drug-induced changes in locomotor behavior, the animals were submitted to an open arena or to the Rota-rod test. RESULTS All drugs increased the exploration of the open arms of the elevated plus-maze. They also increased the number of punished licks in the Vogel test, indicating an anxiolytic effect. The anxiolytic effect of LNAME was prevented by previous treatment with L: -arginine (300 nmol/0.2 microl). Except for the lower dose of LNAME (15 nmol), administration of the NOS inhibitors or ODQ did not change exploratory activity in the open field nor cause any gross locomotor impairment in the Rota-rod test. CONCLUSION The results suggest that NO plays an anxiogenic role in the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C M Spolidório
- Department MEF-Physiology, School of Odontology, Campus USP Ribeirão Preto, 14049-904, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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