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Maleki S, Dede-Bamfo N, Ekren E, Mohammadalizadehkorde M, Villagran M. Mapping Access to Children's Hospitals in Texas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:140. [PMID: 38397631 PMCID: PMC10888133 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Vehicle access, travel time, and distance to hospitals and emergency rooms with sufficient patient beds are critical healthcare accessibility measures, especially for children who require specific pediatric services. In a large state like Texas with vast rural areas and limited public transit infrastructure, 75% of the children live over an hour from the closest facility that provides pediatric emergency services or specialty care. In view of this challenge, this study first sought to map the prevailing geographical accessibility to children's hospitals and, second, to model the hospital beds per capita for each hospital's service area within the state of Texas. The results showed disparities in accessing emergency pediatric care, especially in rural areas. However, despite major metro areas recording better geographical accessibility to pediatric healthcare, residents in these areas may experience limited hospital bed availability. The findings indicate an urgent need for more pediatric healthcare services in rural Texas. Given the increasing population growth in metro areas and their surroundings, there is also a need for the expansion of healthcare infrastructure in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Maleki
- Translational Health Research Center, Texas State University, 151 Stagecoach Trail, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (E.E.); (M.V.)
| | - Nathaniel Dede-Bamfo
- Alkek One, University Libraries, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA;
| | - Elizabeth Ekren
- Translational Health Research Center, Texas State University, 151 Stagecoach Trail, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (E.E.); (M.V.)
| | | | - Melinda Villagran
- Translational Health Research Center, Texas State University, 151 Stagecoach Trail, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (E.E.); (M.V.)
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Moyce S, Claudio D, Velazquez M. Using the PDCA cycle to uncover sources of mental health disparities for Hispanics. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2023; 32:556-566. [PMID: 36533717 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hispanic population is growing rapidly in U.S. rural states, yet limitations in Spanish-speaking behavioural health providers are a barrier to accessing care. In Montana, a new immigrant destination, mental health disparities may not yet be fully understood. We describe an interprofessional approach of nurses and engineers using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle to identify disparities in mental health access in a Hispanic community in a rural state. We recruited a community advisory board to inform researchers about potential disparities and to design interventions. The Plan phase consisted of naming the problem and its root causes. Researchers and a community advisory board created flowsheets and diagrams to uncover personal, environmental, political, and procedural contributors to poor mental health outcomes. The Do phase included implementation of a community screening for depression and anxiety. The Check phase revealed 43 mental health screenings where 21% screened positive for depression and 16% screened positive for anxiety. We made 16 referrals to a mental health intervention study. The Act phase led to plans for regular implementation of the health fairs and a study designed to provide Spanish-language mental health services. The success of our interprofessional work provides an example of how the PDCA cycle can be used to uncover potential causes for poor health outcomes and design and evaluate interventions targeted to mitigate those outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Moyce
- Mark and Robyn Jones College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - David Claudio
- Francis College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Velazquez
- Francis College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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Bukhari RA, Graham JE, Kinney AR, Hoffman A, Malcolm MP. Are Social Determinants of Health Associated With Onset of Rehabilitation Services in Patients Hospitalized for Traumatic Brain Injury? J Head Trauma Rehabil 2023; 38:156-164. [PMID: 36730956 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of community-level social determinants of health (SDoH) on the onset of occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) services among individuals hospitalized for traumatic brain injury (TBI). SETTING 14 acute care hospitals in the state of Colorado. PARTICIPANTS We studied 5825 adults with TBI. DESIGN In a secondary analysis of de-identified electronic health record data, we performed multivariable logistic and linear regressions to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the likelihood of receiving services and duration to initiation of services among those who received them. MAIN MEASURES Community-level SDoH, receipt of rehabilitation services, and onset of rehabilitation services. RESULTS Multivariable logistic and linear regressions revealed that those in top quartiles for community income were associated with duration to OT services, ranging from OR = 0.33 [05% CI, 0.07, 0.60] for quartile 2 to 0.76 [0.44, 1.08] for quartile 4 compared with those with the lowest quartile. Only the top quartile differed significantly for duration to PT services (0.63 [0.28, 0.98]). Relative to those with below the median community percentage of high school degree, those with above the median were associated with duration to PT services only (-0.32 [-0.60, -0.04]). Neither community percentage with bachelor's degree nor rural-urban designation was associated with duration to either therapy service. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to determine whether our SDoH variables were too diffuse to capture individual experiences and impacts on care or whether community-level education and income, and rurality, truly do not influence time to therapy for patients hospitalized with TBI. Other, individual-level variables, such as age, comorbidity burden, and TBI severity, demonstrated clear relationships with therapy onset. These findings may help therapists evaluate and standardize equitable access to timely rehabilitation services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan A Bukhari
- Department of Occupational Therapy Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado (Mr Bukhari and Dr Graham); Department of Occupational Therapy, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (Mr Bukhari); VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Kinney); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Dr Kinney); UCHealth, University of Colorado Hospital, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Ms Hoffman); and Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah (Dr Malcolm)
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Moyce S, Thompson S, Metcalf M, Velazquez M, Aghbashian E, Sisson N, Claudio D. Rural Hispanic Perceptions of Mental Health: A Qualitative Study. J Transcult Nurs 2022; 33:346-354. [PMID: 35075920 DOI: 10.1177/10436596211070592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2020, 18.4% of Hispanics experienced mental illness, yet only about a third received treatment compared with nearly half of non-Hispanic Whites. In Montana, where only 11% of the mental health needs are currently met, service utilization is low. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of the Hispanic immigrant population in a rural state on mental health and professional service utilization. METHODS Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews in Spanish. Audio recordings were transcribed, translated to English, and analyzed for themes. RESULTS We recruited a sample of 14 participants from Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela ranging in age from 33 to 59. We identified five themes: definitions of mental health, maintaining mental health, familismo/socialization, stigma, and acculturation stress. DISCUSSION Novel findings point to the need for Spanish-language services focused on reducing stigma around mental illness and incorporating the importance of social connections.
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McCarthy MJ, Lee-Regalado Hustead M, Bacon R, Garcia YE, Dunn DJ, Williamson HJ, Baldwin J. Development and Validation of a Community Assessment Survey for Diverse Rural Family Caregivers of People With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2021; 44:126-135. [PMID: 33646980 PMCID: PMC8131205 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many individuals with Alzheimer disease and related dementias receive care from family members and friends. Rurality adds increased complexity to care, especially for diverse caregivers. This study details the development and content validation process for a community assessment survey for rural white, Latinx, and American Indian/Alaska Native Alzheimer disease and related dementias caregivers. Foundational survey items were based upon instruments validated with diverse rural caregivers. A modified Delphi process (2 rounds) was used to refine items. The process concluded when 75%+ of experts agreed that the survey was (1) inclusive of different cultural groups; (2) respectful of cultural values and norms; (3) comprehensive with respect to needs, assets, and resources, and (4) relevant to the experiences of diverse rural caregivers. Round 1 of the process (N = 9 panelists) resulted in the elimination of 2 survey sections, a greater focus on issues including transportation and roles of extended family members, and the inclusion of open-ended questions. Round 2 (N = 6 panelists) resulted in further improvements, particularly to the sections about cultural customs, beliefs, and traditions and interactions with health care and other providers. Benefits of the process included raising awareness about rural caregiving issues and maximizing data quality. Challenges included honoring the diversity of respondents' opinions and balancing research rigor with community utility. This community assessment survey may help researchers better understand the needs and culturally-based strengths of diverse rural family caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McCarthy
- Departments of Social Work, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Dr McCarthy), Educational Psychology, College of Education (Ms Lee-Regalado Hustead and Dr Garcia), and Occupational Therapy (Dr Williamson) and Health Sciences (Dr Baldwin), Center for Health Equity Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff; Center for Health Equity Research (Dr Bacon), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff; and School of Nursing, College of Health & Human Services (Dr Dunn), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff
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McCarthy MJ, Sanchez A, Garcia YE, Bakas T. A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for Latinx and American Indian patient-family caregiver dyads coping with chronic health conditions. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1639-1654. [PMID: 34037222 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Latinx and American Indians experience high rates of chronic health conditions. Family members play a significant role as informal caregivers for loved ones with chronic conditions and both patients and family caregivers report poor psychosocial outcomes. This systematic review synthesizes published studies about psychosocial interventions for Latinx and American Indian care dyads to determine: (i) the benefits of these interventions; (ii) their distinguishing features or adaptations, and; (iii) recommendations for future intervention development. Out of 366 records identified, seven studies met inclusion criteria. Interventions demonstrated benefits to outcomes such as disease knowledge, caregiver self-efficacy and burden, patient and caregiver well-being, symptom distress, anxiety and depression, and dyadic communication. Distinguishing features included tailoring to cultural values, beliefs, and delivery preferences, participants' level of acculturation, and population-specific issues such as migratory stressors and support networks. Based upon this review, six recommendations for future intervention development are put forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McCarthy
- Department of Social Work, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Angelica Sanchez
- Department of Sociology, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Y Evie Garcia
- Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education, Northern Arizona University, Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Tamilyn Bakas
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Nimmo C, Behnke L, Creech C, Schellenberg K, Turkelson C, Cooper D. Using Simulation to Educate Rural NP students About Cultural Congruence. J Nurse Pract 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Garrison Y, Ali SR, Lin CLR, Kim JYC, Heshmati S. Healthcare career intervention with youth in a predominantly Latinx rural community: a pilot study of a creative approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE 2021; 21:589-606. [PMID: 33527002 PMCID: PMC7839936 DOI: 10.1007/s10775-020-09455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study discusses a pilot intervention for youth in a predominantly Latinx rural community in the U.S. The intervention incorporated multimodal creative activities into the social cognitive career theory-based healthcare career program. Participants (N = 75) were assessed for healthcare career self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and interests (pre-/post-intervention). Their healthcare career task self-efficacy and interests scores significantly increased overall. By race/ethnicity groups, however, only White students reported an increase in healthcare interests, and only students of color an increase in healthcare career task self-efficacy. This provides preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of the proposed intervention. Implications for services and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyoung Garrison
- Department of Psychology, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240 USA
- The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242 IA USA
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Simpson V, Hass Z. Individual health outcomes secondary to a nurse-led coalition-based health promotion program for underserved diverse populations. Public Health Nurs 2019; 36:667-675. [PMID: 31396998 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study describes the impact of various levels of participation in a nurse-led coalition-based wellness program on participant outcomes related to body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes risk, and lifestyle behaviors in a Midwest rural county. DESIGN This descriptive study used de-identified data collected by program staff over a 26-month period to evaluate participant outcomes. SAMPLE Participants were predominantly female with a mean age of 49 years; 41% identified as Hispanic. MEASUREMENTS/ANALYSIS Lifestyle behavior surveys and biometric screenings were used to collect data. Latent Growth Class Analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. INTERVENTION Monthly wellness programming including screenings, health education and referrals were provided to participants at various sites in a rural community. RESULTS Over a 26-month period, 3,004 visits were made by 820 participants. Four clusters for participants (n = 287) who had made three visits or more were identified, providing insight into meaningful interindividual differences for repeat participants. Overall, repeat participants either maintained or improved their blood pressure over time. Indirect outcomes including policy, system, and environmental changes were also noted. CONCLUSIONS Coalitions can positively affect the health of populations through these types of programs at the individual and population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Simpson
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zachary Hass
- Schools of Nursing and Industrial Engineering, Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering Core Faculty, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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