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Zhang H, He Z, Deng P, Lu M, Zhou C, Yang L, Yu Z. PIN1-mediated ROS production is involved in antagonism of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:628-643. [PMID: 36051664 PMCID: PMC9424717 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic, a widely existing environmental contaminant, is recognized to be toxic to multiple organs. Exposure to arsenic results in liver damage via excessive production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). PIN1 regulates the levels of ROS. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is an ROS scavenger that protects the hepatic functions. Whether PIN1 plays a regulatory role in NAC-mediated antagonism against arsenic hepatotoxicity remains largely unknown. In our study, the protective effects of NAC against arsenic (NaAsO2)-induced hepatotoxicity were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Arsenic exposure induced cytotoxicity by increasing the intracellular ROS production, impairing mitochondrial function and inducing apoptosis in L02 hepatocytes. Overexpression of PIN1 markedly protected against arsenic cytotoxicity, decreased ROS levels, and mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in L02 cells. However, loss of PIN1 further aggravated arsenic-induced cytotoxicity and abolished the protective effects of NAC in L02 cells. An in vivo study showed that pretreatment with NAC rescued arsenic-induced liver injury by restoring liver function and suppressing hepatic oxidative stress. Overexpression of PIN1 in mice transfected with AAV-Pin1 relieved arsenic-induced liver dysfunction and hepatic oxidative stress. Taken together, our study identified PIN1 as a novel intervention target for antagonizing arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity, highlighting a new pharmacological mechanism of NAC targeting PIN1 in antagonism against arsenic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin He
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Muxue Lu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Zhengjie, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, 100 University East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P. R. China
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2
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Lee RHC, Wu CYC, Citadin CT, Couto E Silva A, Possoit HE, Clemons GA, Acosta CH, de la Llama VA, Neumann JT, Lin HW. Activation of Neuropeptide Y2 Receptor Can Inhibit Global Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury. Neuromolecular Med 2022; 24:97-112. [PMID: 34019239 PMCID: PMC8606017 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary arrest (CA) can greatly impact a patient's life, causing long-term disability and death. Although multi-faceted treatment strategies against CA have improved survival rates, the prognosis of CA remains poor. We previously reported asphyxial cardiac arrest (ACA) can cause excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the brain, which contributes to cerebral blood flow (CBF) derangements such as hypoperfusion and, consequently, neurological deficits. Here, we report excessive activation of the SNS can cause enhanced neuropeptide Y levels. In fact, mRNA and protein levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY, a 36-amino acid neuropeptide) in the hippocampus were elevated after ACA-induced SNS activation, resulting in a reduced blood supply to the brain. Post-treatment with peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), a pre-synaptic NPY2 receptor agonist, after ACA inhibited NPY release and restored brain circulation. Moreover, PYY3-36 decreased neuroinflammatory cytokines, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, and improved neuronal survival and neurological outcomes. Overall, NPY is detrimental during/after ACA, but attenuation of NPY release via PYY3-36 affords neuroprotection. The consequences of PYY3-36 inhibit ACA-induced 1) hypoperfusion, 2) neuroinflammation, 3) mitochondrial dysfunction, 4) neuronal cell death, and 5) neurological deficits. The present study provides novel insights to further our understanding of NPY's role in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reggie Hui-Chao Lee
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Cristiane T Citadin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Alexandre Couto E Silva
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Harlee E Possoit
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Garrett A Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Christina H Acosta
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Victoria A de la Llama
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA
| | - Jake T Neumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, USA.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
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3
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Dhamad A, Zampiga M, Greene ES, Sirri F, Dridi S. Neuropeptide Y and its receptors are expressed in chicken skeletal muscle and regulate mitochondrial function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 310:113798. [PMID: 33961876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a highly conserved 36-amino acid neurotransmitter, which is primarily expressed in the mammalian arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is a potent orexigenic neuropeptide, stimulating appetite and inducing feed intake in a variety of species. Recent research has shown that NPY and its receptors can be expressed by peripheral tissues, but their role is not yet well defined. Specifically, this information is particularly sparse in avian species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the expression of NPY and its receptors, and determine their regulation by environmental and nutritional stressors, in the skeletal muscle of avian species using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Here, we show that NPY and its receptors are expressed in chicken breast and leg muscle as well as in quail myoblast (QM7) cell line. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant NPY increased feed intake in 9-d old chicks and upregulated the expression of NPY and NPY receptors in breast and leg muscle, suggesting autocrine and/or paracrine roles for NPY. Additionally, NPY is able to modulate the mitochondrial network. In breast muscle, a low dose of NPY upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of genes involved in ATP production (uncoupling protein, UCP; nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2, NFE2L2) and dynamics (mitofusin 1, MFN1), while a high dose decreased (P < 0.05) markers of mitochondrial dynamics (mitofusin 2, MFN2; OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase, OPA1) and increased (P < 0.05) genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (D-loop, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, PPARG). In leg muscle, NPY decreased (P < 0.05) markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and ATP synthesis (D-loop; peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, PCG1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta, PPARGC1B; PPARG; NFE2L2). In QM7 cells, genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and ATP synthesis were all upregulated (P < 0.05), even though basal respiration and ATP production were decreased (P < 0.05) with NPY treatment as measured by XF Flux analysis. Together, these data show that the NPY system is expressed in avian skeletal muscle and plays a role in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dhamad
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Marco Zampiga
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Federico Sirri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sami Dridi
- University of Arkansas, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States.
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4
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Xie Y, Hu J, Zhang X, Li C, Zuo Y, Xie S, Zhang Z, Zhu S. Neuropeptide Y Induces Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy via Attenuating miR-29a-3p in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:878-887. [PMID: 32297569 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200416144459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been well known to induce Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy (CH), which is possibly caused by disruption of cardiac cell energy balance. As mitochondria is losely related to energy metabolism, in this study, we investigated the changes in mitochondrial Dynamics-related protein (Drp1) expression under the action of NPY. miRNA-29a, a endogenous noncoding small molecule RNA which is involved in many cardiac diseases, by using a bioinformatics tool, we found a potential binding site of miRNA-29a on the Drp1 mRNA, and suggesting that miRNA-29a might play a regulatory role. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of miR-29a-3p in the process of NPY-induced CH, and further explore it's predicted relationship with Drp1. METHODS The expression levels of miR-29a-3p and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) were performed by the method of fluorescence quantitative PCR, in addition, expression of Drp1 in treated and control groups were performed by western blot analysis.] Results: We found NPY leads to the CH and up-regulation of ANP expression levels. We also found significant up-regulation of Drp1 expression and down-regulation of miR-29a-3p expression in NPY-treated cells. The decrease in miR-29a-3p expression may lead the increase expression level of Drp1. We found that the expression of ANP increased after NPY treatment. When Drp1 protein was silenced, the high expression of ANP was inhibited. CONCLUSION In this study, we found up-regulation of Drp1 in cells treated with NPY. Drp1 mRNA is a predicted target for miR-29a-3p, and the expression of Drp1 was attenuated by miR-29a-3p. Therefore, NPY leads to down-regulation of miR-29a-3p expression, up-regulation of Drp1 expression, and NPY leads to CH. Correspondingly, miR-29a-3p can counteract the effects of NPY. This may be a new way, which could be used in diagnosis and treatment plan for CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Xie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xincai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Forensic Expertise, De'an Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yuanyi Zuo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shining Xie
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Shaohua Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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5
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Mattila M, Söderström M, Ailanen L, Savontaus E, Savontaus M. The Effects of Neuropeptide Y Overexpression on the Mouse Model of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 20:328-338. [PMID: 31811615 PMCID: PMC7176599 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is a potent anticancer drug with cardiotoxicity hampering its use. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the most abundant neuropeptide in the heart and a co-transmitter of the sympathetic nervous system that plays a role in cardiac diseases. The aim of this work was to study the impact of NPY on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Transgenic mice overexpressing NPY in noradrenergic neurons (NPY-OEDβH) and wild-type mice were treated with a single dose of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin caused cardiotoxicity in both genotypes as demonstrated by decreased weight gain, tendency to reduced ejection fraction, and changes in the expression of several genes relevant to cardiac pathology. Doxorubicin resulted in a tendency to lower ejection fraction in NPY-OEDβH mice more than in wild-type mice. In addition, gain in the whole body lean mass gain was decreased only in NPY-OEDβH mice, suggesting a more severe impact of doxorubicin in this genotype. The effects of doxorubicin on genes expressed in the heart were similar between NPY-OEDβH and wild-type mice. The results demonstrate that doxorubicin at a relatively low dose caused significant cardiotoxicity. There were differences between NPY-OEDβH and wild-type mice in their responses to doxorubicin that suggest NPY to increase susceptibility to cardiotoxicity. This may point to the therapeutic implications as suggested for NPY system in other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minttu Mattila
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Drug Research Doctoral Programme, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirva Söderström
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Ailanen
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Mikko Savontaus
- Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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6
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Chen SY, Xie C, Zhu H, Shen Y. Effects of epidermal growth factor on transforming growth factor-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and potential mechanism in human corneal epithelial cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:11-20. [PMID: 31956565 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). METHODS HCECs were cultured and treated with TGF-β1 for establishing the model of EMT in vitro. Biological effect of EGF on TGF-β1-induced EMT was evaluated. Proteins and mRNAs expression changes of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Fibronectin (EMT-relative markers) after TGF-β1 or TGF-β1 combined EGF treatment were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR, respectively. Viability and migration of HCECs were measured by CCK-8, transwell cell migration assay and cell scratch wound healing assay. Activation of Smad2, ERK, p38, JNK and Akt signaling pathways were evaluated by Western blot. Inhibitors of relevant signaling pathways were added to the HCECs to explore the key signal mechanism. RESULTS With treatment of TGF-β1 only, three EMT-relative proteins and mRNA expression showed that EMT up-regulated in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, with significantly decreasing cell viability (TGF-β1≥5 ng/mL, P<0.05) and increasing cell migration (TGF-β1≥5 ng/mL, P<0.01). The phosphorylation of Smad2 and p38 was a key process of TGF-β1-induced EMT. Meanwhile, EMT-relative proteins and mRNA expression showed that EGF inhibited TGF-β1-indued EMT, with significantly increasing cell viability (EGF≥10 ng/mL, P<0.01). It was noteworthy that EGF significantly enhanced cell migration although EMT was inhibited (EGF≥10 ng/mL, P<0.01), and the blockage of p38 (by SB202190, a p38 inhibitor) was a potential mechanism of this phenomenon. CONCLUSION EGF inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT via suppressive p38, and promotes cells proliferation and migration in a non-EMT process by inhibiting p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliate Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.,Clinical Research Center, the First Affiliate Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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7
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Huang W, Zhang Q, Qi H, Shi P, Song C, Liu Y, Sun H. Deletion of Neuropeptide Y Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis During Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1268. [PMID: 31708788 PMCID: PMC6821782 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, its role and mechanism in myocardial infarction (MI) have not yet been fully understood. H9c2 cells and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with loss of function of NPY and rats with global knockout were used in this study. MI model of rats was induced by the ligation of left coronary artery, and the extent of MI was analyzed through echocardiographic, pathological, and molecular analyses. Our data demonstrated that NPY expression was significantly increased in MI rats and hypoxia/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated cardiomyocytes. At the same time, NPY-knockout rats exhibited a remarkable decrease in infarct size, serum lactate dehydrogenase activity, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and caspase-3 expression and activity and a strong improvement in heart contractile function compared with MI rats. Meanwhile, NPY small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the cell apoptosis in H2O2-treated H9c2 cells and hypoxia-treated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. NPY deletion increased miR-499 expression and decreased FoxO4 expression in MI in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, NPY type 1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 can reverse miR-499 decrease and FoxO4 increase in H2O2-induced cardiomyocytes. NPY siRNA inhibited cell apoptosis in H2O2-treated H9c2 cells that were reversed by miR-499 inhibitor. Additionally, FoxO4 was validated as the direct target of miR-499. Moreover, BIBO3304 and FoxO4 siRNA significantly increased the cell activity, inhibited the cell apoptosis, and decreased caspase-3 expression and activity in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes that NPY presented the opposite effect. Collectively, deletion of NPY reduced myocardial ischemia, improved cardiac function, and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis by NPY type 1 receptor–miR-499–FoxO4 axis, which provides a new treatment for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hanping Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Pilong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
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8
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Tan CMJ, Green P, Tapoulal N, Lewandowski AJ, Leeson P, Herring N. The Role of Neuropeptide Y in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1281. [PMID: 30283345 PMCID: PMC6157311 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an abundant sympathetic co-transmitter, widely found in the central and peripheral nervous systems and with diverse roles in multiple physiological processes. In the cardiovascular system it is found in neurons supplying the vasculature, cardiomyocytes and endocardium, and is involved in physiological processes including vasoconstriction, cardiac remodeling, and angiogenesis. It is increasingly also implicated in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia/infarction, arrhythmia, and heart failure. This review will focus on the physiological and pathogenic role of NPY in the cardiovascular system. After summarizing the NPY receptors which predominantly mediate cardiovascular actions, along with their signaling pathways, individual disease processes will be considered. A thorough understanding of these roles may allow therapeutic targeting of NPY and its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl M J Tan
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peregrine Green
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nidi Tapoulal
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Herring
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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