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Dong WC, Guo JL, Xu L, Jiang XH, Chang CH, Jiang Y, Zhang YZ. Impact of homocysteine on acute ischemic stroke severity: possible role of aminothiols redox status. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:175. [PMID: 38789928 PMCID: PMC11127353 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases which accompanied by a disruption of aminothiols homeostasis. To explore the relationship of aminothiols with neurologic impairment severity, we investigated four aminothiols, homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), cysteinylglycine (CG) and glutathione (GSH) in plasma and its influence on ischemic stroke severity in AIS patients. METHODS A total of 150 clinical samples from AIS patients were selected for our study. The concentrations of free reduced Hcy (Hcy), own oxidized Hcy (HHcy), free reduced Cys (Cys), own oxidized Cys (cysteine, Cyss), free reduced CG (CG) and free reduced GSH (GSH) were measured by our previously developed hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) method coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The concentration ratio of Hcy to HHcy (Hcy/HHcy), Cys to Cyss (Cys/Cyss) were also calculated. The neurologic impairment severity of AIS was evaluated using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The Spearman correlation coefficient and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate and perform the correlation between Hcy, HHcy, Cys, Cyss, CG, GSH, Hcy/HHcy, Cys/Cyss and total Hcy with NIHSS score. RESULTS The reduced Hcy and Hcy/HHcy was both negatively correlated with NIHSS score in AIS patients with P = 0.008, r=-0.215 and P = 0.002, r=-0.249, respectively. There was no significant correlation of Cys, CG, GSH, HHcy, Cyss, Cys/Cyss and total Hcy with NIHSS score in AIS patients with P value > 0.05. CONCLUSIONS The reduced Hcy and Hcy/HHcy, not total Hcy concentration should be used to evaluate neurologic impairment severity of AIS patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chong Dong
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94# Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jia-Liang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139# Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xin-Hui Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Chang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department of the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, 361# East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ying-Ze Zhang
- The School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94# Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Medical University Third Hospital, 139# Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China.
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Filippov AG, Alexandrin VV, Ivanov AV, Paltsyn AA, Sviridkina NB, Virus ED, Bulgakova PO, Burmiy JP, Kubatiev AA. Neuroprotective Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles Is Not Associated with Their Accumulation in the Brain of Rats. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:348. [PMID: 37504843 PMCID: PMC10381480 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (nPts) have neuroprotective/antioxidant properties, but the mechanisms of their action in cerebrovascular disease remain unclear. We investigated the brain bioavailability of nPts and their effects on brain damage, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and development of brain and systemic oxidative stress (OS) in a model of cerebral ischemia (hemorrhage + temporary bilateral common carotid artery occlusion, tBCAO) in rats. The nPts (0.04 g/L, 3 ± 1 nm diameter) were administered to rats (N = 19) intraperitoneally at the start of blood reperfusion. Measurement of CBF via laser Doppler flowmetry revealed that the nPts caused a rapid attenuation of postischemic hypoperfusion. The nPts attenuated the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the decrease in reduced aminothiols level in plasma, and the glutathione redox status in the brain, which were induced by tBCAO. The content of Pt in the brain was extremely low (≤1 ng/g). Thus, nPts, despite the extremely low brain bioavailability, can attenuate the development of brain OS, CBF dysregulation, and neuronal apoptosis. This may indicate that the neuroprotective effects of nPts are due to indirect mechanisms rather than direct activity in the brain tissue. Research on such mechanisms may offer a promising trend in the treatment of acute disorders of CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Alexandrovich Paltsyn
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education, Barricadnaya St., 2/1 b. 1, 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Petrovna Burmiy
- Institute of Microelectronic Technology and Ultra-High-Purity Materials, Akademika Osip'yana Str., 6, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy for Continuing Professional Education, Barricadnaya St., 2/1 b. 1, 125993 Moscow, Russia
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Ivanov AV, Popov MA, Metelkin AA, Aleksandrin VV, Agafonov EG, Kruglova MP, Silina EV, Stupin VA, Maslennikov RA, Kubatiev AA. Influence of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts on Blood Aminothiols in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:743. [PMID: 37367901 PMCID: PMC10305081 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) are associated with a decreased blood glutathione (bGSH) level. Since GSH metabolism is closely related to other aminothiols (homocysteine and cysteine) and glucose, the aim of this study was to reveal the associations of bGSH with glucose and plasma aminothiols in CAD patients (N = 35) before CABG and in the early postoperative period. Forty-three volunteers with no history of cardiovascular disease formed the control group. bGSH and its redox status were significantly lower in CAD patients at admission. CABG had no significant effect on these parameters, with the exception of an increase in the bGSH/hemoglobin ratio. At admission, CAD patients were characterized by negative associations of homocysteine and cysteine with bGSH. All these associations disappeared after CABG. An association was found between an increase in oxidized GSH in the blood in the postoperative period and fasting glucose levels. Thus, CAD is associated with the depletion of the intracellular pool and the redox status of bGSH, in which hyperhomocysteinemia and a decrease in the bioavailability of the extracellular pool of cysteine play a role. The present study indicates that CABG causes disruptions in aminothiol metabolism and induces the synthesis of bGSH. Moreover, glucose becomes an important factor in the dysregulation of GSH metabolism in CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vladimirovich Ivanov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (V.V.A.); (M.P.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Mikhail Aleksandrovich Popov
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute n.a. M.F. Vladimirskiy, Shchepkin St., 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.P.); (E.G.A.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Arkady Andreevich Metelkin
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (V.V.A.); (M.P.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Valery Vasil’evich Aleksandrin
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (V.V.A.); (M.P.K.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Evgeniy Gennad’evich Agafonov
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute n.a. M.F. Vladimirskiy, Shchepkin St., 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.P.); (E.G.A.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Maria Petrovna Kruglova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (V.V.A.); (M.P.K.); (A.A.K.)
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Vladimirovna Silina
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Victor Aleksandrovich Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery No. 1, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova St., 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ruslan Andreevich Maslennikov
- Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute n.a. M.F. Vladimirskiy, Shchepkin St., 61/2, 129110 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.P.); (E.G.A.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.M.); (V.V.A.); (M.P.K.); (A.A.K.)
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Ivanov AV, Maksimova MY, Nikiforova KA, Ochtova FR, Suanova ET, Alexandrin VV, Kruglova MP, Piradov MA, Kubatiev AA. Plasma glutathione as a risk marker for the severity and functional outcome of acute atherothrombotic and cardioembolic stroke. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Glutathione (GSH) is a major intracellular thiol-containing antioxidant. We tried to determine whether blood plasma GSH level is a marker for the severity of the two subtypes of acute stroke (large-artery atherosclerosis, LA and cardioembolic, CE). Forty-three patients with LA and 36 patients with CE aged 65 (47–82) years were included in the study. Thirty-one patients with cerebral microangiopathy were included for comparison. Total (t) and reduced (r) GSH levels were determined at admission. Neurological deficit was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) on the first day, functional outcome and independence were assessed by the modified Rankin scale (mRs) and Bartel index (BI), respectively, after 21 days.
Results
The tGSH and rGSH levels in acute stroke were significantly lower than cerebral microangiopathy patients. Low tGSH (≤ 1.45 μM) and rGSH (≤ 30 nM) levels were risk markers for stroke severity at admission (NIHSS > 10) in patients with LA: age and gender adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 4.95, 95% coincidence interval (CI) 1.31–18.7, AOR = 9.141, CI 1.84–45.3 for t- and rGSH, respectively. A low level of rGSH (≤ 30 nM) was found as risk marker for functional independence (BI ≤ 60: AOR = 15.9, CI 2.22–114.2) in patients with LA. Low tGSH level (≤ 1.1 μM) was associated with the reduction of poor outcome risk (mRs > 2: AOR = 0.154, CI 0.029–0.809) in CE group.
Conclusions
Low t- and rGSH levels may be considered potential risk markers for severity and insufficient functional independence in LA. Conversely, low tGSH level reduce the risk of poor stroke outcome only for CE.
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Sadrhaghighi G, Abbaszadeh S, Babataheri S, Garjani A, Soraya H. Effects of pre-treatment with metoprolol and diltiazem on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injuries. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e21086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Association of Low Molecular Weight Plasma Aminothiols with the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9221693. [PMID: 34557267 PMCID: PMC8455204 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9221693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective Aminothiols (glutathione (GSH), cysteinylglycine (CG)) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the possible association of these indicators with the severity of COVID-19 has not yet been investigated. Methods The total content (t) and reduced forms (r) of aminothiols were determined in patients with COVID-19 (n = 59) on admission. Lung injury was characterized by computed tomography (CT) findings in accordance with the CT0-4 classification. Results Low tGSH level was associated with the risk of severe COVID-19 (tGSH ≤ 1.5 μM, mild vs. moderate/severe: risk ratio (RR) = 3.09, p = 0.007) and degree of lung damage (tGSH ≤ 1.8 μM, CT < 2 vs. CT ≥ 2: RR = 2.14, p = 0.0094). The rGSH level showed a negative association with D-dimer levels (ρ = -0.599, p = 0.014). Low rCG level was also associated with the risk of lung damage (rCG ≤ 1.3 μM, CT < 2 vs. CT ≥ 2: RR = 2.28, p = 0.001). Levels of rCG (ρ = -0.339, p = 0.012) and especially tCG (ρ = -0.551, p = 0.004) were negatively associated with platelet count. In addition, a significant relationship was found between the advanced oxidation protein product level and tGSH in patients with moderate or severe but not in patients with mild COVID-19. Conclusion Thus, tGSH and rCG can be seen as potential markers for the risk of severe COVID-19. GSH appears to be an important factor to oxidative damage prevention as infection progresses. This suggests the potential clinical efficacy of correcting glutathione metabolism as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19.
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Maksimova MY, Ivanov AV, Virus ED, Nikiforova KA, Ochtova FR, Suanova ET, Kruglova MP, Piradov MA, Kubatiev AA. Impact of glutathione on acute ischemic stroke severity and outcome: possible role of aminothiols redox status. Redox Rep 2021; 26:117-123. [PMID: 34236283 PMCID: PMC8276653 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1952819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute brain ischemia is accompanied by a disruption of low-molecular-weight aminothiols (LMWTs) homeostasis, such as homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and glutathione (GSH). We investigated the redox balance of LMWTs in blood plasma and its influence on ischemic stroke severity and the functional outcome in patients with an acute period. Patients and methods A total of 177 patients were examined. Total and reduced forms of LMWTs were determined in the first 10–24 h. Stroke severity and functional state were estimated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRs) at admission and after 21 days. Results Patients with high levels of total Hcy (> 19 μM) showed significantly reduced redox statuses of all LMWTs. Patients with low total GSH levels (≤ 1.07 μM) were at an increased risk of higher stroke severity (NIHSS > 10) compared to patients with a total GSH level > 2.64 μM (age/gender-adjusted odds ratio: 4.69, 95% CI: 1.43–15.4). Discussion (1) low total GSH level can be considered as a novel risk marker for the severity of acute stroke in conditions of low redox status of LMWTs and (2) high Hcy levels associated with low redox status of LMWTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Vladimirovich Ivanov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edward Danielevich Virus
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenya Alexandrovna Nikiforova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Maria Petrovna Kruglova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.,Russian Medical Academy of Postdoctoral Education, Moscow, Russia
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Colak S, Gurlek B, Topcu A, Tumkaya L, Mercantepe T, Yilmaz A. Protective effects of nebivolol on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2020; 46:2407-2416. [PMID: 32961615 DOI: 10.1111/jog.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Ovarian torsion is a common gynecological emergency of reproductive ages, occurring at rates of 2.7-7.4%. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of Nebivolol (NEB) and histopathological changes in experimental ischemic (I) and ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat ovaries. METHODS Forty-eight adult female rats were randomly separated into six groups as group 1 (control) receiving an oral saline solution for 3 days; group 2 (I) that underwent ischemia for 3 h with the application of atraumatic vascular clips; group 3 (I/R); group 4 (I + NEB) receiving 10 mg/kg NEB by oral gavage 30 min prior to the ischemia induction; group 5 (I/R + NEB) receiving 10 mg/kg NEB, and group 6 (control + NEB) receiving oral 10 mg/kg NEB for 3 days before ischemia induction followed by consequent reperfusion. Ovarian tissue damage was scored by histopathological analysis. Ovarian tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured biochemically. RESULTS The levels of MDA and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and TUNEL assay positivity scores increased in the I and I/R groups. GSH levels decreased in all case groups (P < 0.05). The oral administration of NEB (10 mg/kg) to the I- and I/R-groups reduced the levels of MDA and TNF-α and TUNEL assay immunopositivity scores (P < 0.05). GSH levels increased in the treatment groups. CONCLUSION The current experimental ovarian torsion study suggests a protective role for NEB against I and I/R injury in rat ovaries. NEB may be a novel agent for decreasing ovarian I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Colak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Beril Gurlek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Atilla Topcu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Altunkaynak-Camca HO, Yazihan N. The pretreatment of rats with nebivolol ameliorates bladder contractile dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2020; 13:183-188. [PMID: 32790030 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of nebivolol in the bladder isolated from rats exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, IR, and nebivolol+IR groups. In the nebivolol+IR group, nebivolol was administered (0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneous) in rats prior to IR insult. At the end of the experimental protocol, the urinary bladder was rapidly isolated and bladder strips were mounted in an organ bath. After the equilibration period, potassium chloride (KCl, 20-100 mM) or carbachol (0.01-10 μM) was cumulatively added to the organ bath to generate cumulative concentration-response curves (CCRCs). Oxidative stress and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were also evaluated in the bladder tissue. RESULTS The CCRCs of KCl and carbachol were significantly reduced in the IR group compared to those of the control, and this inhibition was reversed by the pretreatment of rats with nebivolol (P < .05). The IR group's total antioxidant status was significantly lower with a concomitant increase in IL-6 levels than that of the control and nebivolol+IR groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that pretreatment of rats with nebivolol (0.4 mg/kg) could improve bladder contractile dysfunction caused by IR injury through suppression of increased oxidative stress and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande O Altunkaynak-Camca
- Department of Pharmacology, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Yazihan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Disturbance of thiol/disulfide aminothiols homeostasis in patients with acute ischemic stroke stroke: Preliminary findings. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 183:105393. [PMID: 31255893 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the disruption of low-molecular-weight aminothiols (LMWTs: cysteine, cysteinylglycine, homocysteine, and glutathione) homeostasis in blood plasma during the acute and early subacute stages after ischemic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS We admitted 41 patients with primary large-artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolic stroke in the carotid arteries within the first 6-24 h from the moment of neurologic symptoms development. We included 31 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia in the control group. Total LMWT levels and their reduced forms were measured in blood plasma on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 15th days after stroke. RESULTS Our study demonstrated a decrease of cysteine and cysteinylglycine reduced forms and an increase of total glutathione and cysteine levels. There were no differences in LMWT levels among stroke subtypes (large-artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolic stroke). The decrease (or increase) in GSH and Hcy redox status on the 3rd day after stroke was associated with severe neurological deficit. Total Hcy (1st day), Cys (3rd day) and CG(7th day) levels were associated with the size of cerebral infarction area. Logistic regression analysis indicated that reduced homocysteine, total cysteinylglycine levels, and cysteine redox status at admission were predictive factors for ischemic stroke occurrence with a probability of 86.2% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LMWTs may indicate the severity of neurological deficit and the size of the cerebral infarct, and their complex determination can be of diagnostic importance both at an early stage of ischemic stroke development and during its monitoring.
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