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Song J, Li Y, Wu K, Hu Y, Fang L. MyD88 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer: Prospects and Challenges. Biomolecules 2024; 14:562. [PMID: 38785969 PMCID: PMC11118248 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the immune system and cancer underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. In this context, the innate immune system plays a critical role in preventing tumor invasion. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is crucial for innate immunity, and activation of MyD88 promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines and induces infiltration, polarization, and immune escape of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, abnormal MyD88 signaling induces tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, which are closely associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, MyD88 could serve as a novel tumor biomarker and is a promising target for cancer therapy. Current strategies targeting MyD88 including inhibition of signaling pathways and protein multimerization, have made substantial progress, especially in inflammatory diseases and chronic inflammation-induced cancers. However, the specific role of MyD88 in regulating tumor immunity and tumorigenic mechanisms remains unclear. Therefore, this review describes the involvement of MyD88 in tumor immune escape and disease therapy. In addition, classical and non-classical MyD88 inhibitors were collated to provide insights into potential cancer treatment strategies. Despite several challenges and complexities, targeting MyD88 is a promising avenue for improving cancer treatment and has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; (J.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Yuying Li
- Ruian People’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College Affiliated Third Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Ke Wu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; (J.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; (J.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Luo Fang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China; (J.S.); (K.W.)
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2
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Zhang Q, Zhu W, Lou S, Bao H, Zhou Y, Cai Z, Ye J, Cui Y, Wang M, Jin L, Liang G, Luo W, Wang Y. Compound c17 alleviates inflammatory cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by targeting MyD88. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110863. [PMID: 37703787 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiac dysfunction. Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in the development of DCM, making it a promising target for novel pharmacological strategies. Our previous study has synthesized a novel compound, c17, which exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity by specifically targeting to myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88). In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of c17 in DCM. METHODS The small molecular selective MyD88 inhibitor, c17, was used to evaluate the effect of MyD88 on DCM in both high concentration of glucose- and palmitic acid-stimulated macrophages and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice. RESULTS The treatment of c17 in T1DM mice resulted in improved heart function and reduced cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrogenesis. RNA sequencing analysis of the heart tissues revealed that c17 effectively suppressed the inflammatory response by regulating the MyD88-dependent pathway. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments further confirmed that c17 disrupted the interaction between MyD88 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), consequently inhibiting downstream NF-κB activation. In vitro studies demonstrated that c17 exhibited similar anti-inflammatory activity by targeting MyD88 in macrophages, which are the primary regulators of cardiac inflammation. Furthermore, conditioned medium derived from c17-treated macrophages showed reduced capacity to induce hypertrophy, pro-fibrotic reactions, and secondary inflammation in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the small-molecule MyD88 inhibitor, c17, effectively combated the inflammatory DCM, therefore could be a potential candidate for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Zhang
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuaijie Lou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongdan Bao
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yafen Zhou
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaohong Cai
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaxi Ye
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaqian Cui
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minxiu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leiming Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Joint Research Center on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311399, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Chen Y, Lin W, Chen P, Ye B, Luo W, Wang X, Huang W, Wu G, Liang G. Tabersonine alleviates obesity-induced cardiomyopathy by binding to Transforming growth factor activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and inhibiting TAK1-mediated inflammation. Phytother Res 2023; 37:860-871. [PMID: 36420902 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced cardiomyopathy (OIC) is an increasingly serious global disease caused by obesity. Chronic inflammation greatly contributes to the pathogenesis of OIC. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of tabersonine (Tab), a natural alkaloid with antiinflammatory activity, in the treatment of OIC. High fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice were administered with Tab. The results showed that Tab significantly inhibit inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy to prevent heart dysfunction, without the alteration of body weight and hyperlipidemia, in HFD-induced obese mice. H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes stimulated by palmitic acid (PA) were used to explore the molecular mechanism and target of Tab. We examined the effect of Tab on key proteins involved in HFD/PA-induced inflammatory signaling pathway and found that Tab significantly inhibits TAK1 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. We further detected the direct interaction between Tab and TAK1 at the cellular, animal, and molecular levels. We found that Tab directly binds to TAK1 to inhibit TAK1 phosphorylation, which then blocks TAK1-TAB2 interaction and then NF-κB pro-inflammatory pathway in cultured cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate that Tab is a potential agent for the treatment of OIC, and TAK1 is an effective therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghao Chen
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wante Lin
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bozhi Ye
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Cardiology and The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Ye B, Chen X, Chen Y, Lin W, Xu D, Fang Z, Chattipakorn N, Huang W, Wang X, Wu G, Liang G. Inhibition of TAK1/TAB2 complex formation by costunolide attenuates obesity cardiomyopathy via the NF-κB signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154523. [PMID: 36332385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic and persistent obesity can lead to various complications, including obesity cardiomyopathy. Inhibition of the inflammatory response is an effective measure for the intervention of obesity cardiomyopathy. Numerous studies indicate that costunolide (Cos) can reduce inflammation. However, the role of Cos in obesity cardiomyopathy and its molecular targets remains unknown. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We aimed to clarify potential cardioprotective effects and mechanism of Cos against obesity cardiomyopathy. METHODS The model of obesity cardiomyopathy was established by feeding mice with a high-fat diet for 24 weeks. Cos at 10 and 20 mg/kg or vehicle (1% CMCNa solution) was administered once every two days via oral gavage from the 17th to 24th week. Body weight, heart weight/tibia length, cardiac function, myocardial injury markers, pathological morphology of the heart, hypertrophic and fibrotic markers, inflammatory factors were assessed. The targets of Cos were predicted through molecular docking. Pull-down assay and biolayer interferometry were used to confirm the target of Cos. RESULTS Cos effectively reduces obesity-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, thereby improving cardiac function. We confirmed that Cos can interact with TAK1 and inhibit downstream NF-κB pathway activation by blocking the formation of the TAK1/TAB2 complex, thus inhibiting inflammatory cytokine release in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that Cos significantly improved myocardial remodeling and cardiac dysfunction against obesity cardiomyopathy by reducing myocardial inflammation. Therefore, Cos may serve as a promising therapeutic agent in obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhi Ye
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yanghao Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wante Lin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Diyun Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zimin Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China.
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5
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Luo W, Wu G, Chen X, Zhang Q, Zou C, Wang J, Liu J, Chattipakorn N, Wang Y, Liang G. Blockage of MyD88 in cardiomyocytes alleviates cardiac inflammation and cardiomyopathy in experimental diabetic mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Yang B, Luo W, Wang M, Tang Y, Zhu W, Jin L, Wang M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zuo W, Huang LJ, Zhao Y, Liang G. Macrophage-specific MyD88 deletion and pharmacological inhibition prevents liver damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via reducing inflammatory response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166480. [PMID: 35811033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system through toll-like receptors (TLRs) has been repeatedly demonstrated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and several TLRs have been shown to contribute. Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) is as an adapter protein for the activation of TLRs and bridges TLRs to NF-κB-mediated inflammation in macrophages. However, whether myeloid cell MyD88 contributes to NAFLD are largely unknown. To test this approach, we generated macrophage-specific MyD88 knockout mice and show that these mice are protected against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic injury, lipid accumulation, and fibrosis. These protective effects were associated with reduced macrophage numbers in liver tissues and surpassed inflammatory responses. In cultured macrophages, saturated fatty acid palmitate utilizes MyD88 to activate NF-κB and induce inflammatory and fibrogenic factors. In hepatocytes, these factors may cause lipid accumulation and a further elaboration of inflammatory cytokines. In hepatic stellate cells, macrophage-derived factors, especially TGF-β, cause activation and hepatic fibrosis. We further show that pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 is also able to reduce NAFLD injury in HFD-fed mice. Therefore, our study has provided empirical evidence that macrophage MyD88 participates in HFD-induced NAFLD and could be targeted to prevent the development and progression of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; Medical Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Minxiu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yelin Tang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Leiming Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Meihong Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, Zhejiang 315799, China
| | - Li-Jiang Huang
- Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medial University (Xiangshan First People's Hospital Medical and Health Group), Xiangshan, Zhejiang 315799, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China.
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7
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Cordero A, Fernández Del Olmo MR, Cortez Quiroga GA, Romero-Menor C, Fácila L, Seijas-Amigo J, Fornovi A, Murillo JR, Rodríguez-Mañero M, Bello Mora MC, Valle A, Miriam S, Pamias RF, Bañeras J, García PB, Clemente Lorenzo MM, Sánchez-Alvarez S, López-Rodríguez L, González-Juanatey JR. Sex Differences in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction With PCSK9 Inhibitors in Real-world Patients: The LIPID-REAL Registry. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:523-529. [PMID: 34983910 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous evidence supports that monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) by 50%-65%, regardless of baseline treatments. We tested possible sex differences in a multicentre registry of real-world patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors. METHODS This is a multicentre and retrospective study of 652 patients initiating treatment with any PCSK9 inhibitor in 18 different hospitals. Before-treatment and on-treatment LDLc and medical treatments, clinical indication, and clinical features were recorded. RESULTS Women represented 24.69% of the cohort. The use of statins was similar in both sexes, but women were receiving most frequently ezetimibe. Before-treatment median LDLc was 135 (interquartile range 115-166) mg, and it was higher in women. The median on-treatment LDLc was 57 (interquartile range 38-84) mg/dL, which represented a mean 54.5% reduction. On-treatment LDLc was higher in women, and the mean LDLc reduction was lower in women (47.4% vs. 56.9%; P = 0.0002) receiving evolocumab or alirocumab. The percentage of patients who achieved ≥50% LDLc reduction was higher in men (71.36% vs. 57.62%; P = 0.002). According to LDLc before-treatment quartiles, LDLc reduction was statistically lower in women in the 2 highest and a significant interaction of women and baseline LDLc >135 mg/dL was observed. Women were negatively associated with lower rates of LDLc treatment target achievement (odds ratio: 0.31). Differences were also observed in women with body mas index >25 kg/m2. Only 14 patients (2.14%) presented side effects. CONCLUSIONS This multicentre and retrospective registry of real-world patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors highlights significant gender differences in LDLc reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cordero
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de San Juan, Alicante, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Cardiología, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Comunidad Valenciana, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Cesar Romero-Menor
- Cardiology Department, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fácila
- Cardiology Department, Consorcio Hospital General de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Seijas-Amigo
- Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Aisa Fornovi
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Spain
| | - Juan R Murillo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
| | - Moisés Rodríguez-Mañero
- Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Valle
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Denia, Denia, Spain
| | - Sandin Miriam
- Cardiology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Roman F Pamias
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bañeras
- Cardiology Department, Hospital del Vall Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro B García
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan Despí Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José R González-Juanatey
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Zhang QY, Xu SJ, Qian JC, Yang LB, Chen PQ, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhang YL, Luo W, Liang G. Pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 suppresses inflammation in tubular epithelial cells and prevents diabetic nephropathy in experimental mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:354-366. [PMID: 34552217 PMCID: PMC8792016 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that chronic inflammation mediated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Myeloid differentiation primary-response protein-88 (MyD88) is an essential adapter protein of all TLRs except TLR3 in innate immunity. It is unclear whether MyD88 could be a therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy. Here, we used a new small-molecule MyD88 inhibitor, LM8, to examine the pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 in protecting kidneys from inflammatory injury in diabetes. We showed that MyD88 was significantly activated in the kidney of STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice in tubular epithelial cells as well as in high glucose-treated rat tubular epithelial cells NRK-52E. In cultured tubular epithelial cells, we show that LM8 (2.5-10 μM) or MyD88 siRNA attenuated high-concentration glucose-induced inflammatory and fibrogenic responses through inhibition of MyD88-TLR4 interaction and downstream NF-κB activation. Treatment with LM8 (5, 10 mg/kg, i.g.) significantly reduced renal inflammation and fibrosis and preserved renal function in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. These renoprotective effects were associated with reduced MyD88-TLR4 complex formation, suppressed NF-κB signaling, and prevention of inflammatory factor expression. Collectively, our results show that hyperglycemia activates MyD88 signaling cascade to induce renal inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction. Pharmacological inhibition of MyD88 may be a therapeutic approach to mitigate diabetic nephropathy and the inhibitor LM8 could be a potential candidate for such therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-yan Zhang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Su-jing Xu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China ,grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027 China
| | - Jian-chang Qian
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Li-bin Yang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Peng-qin Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Yi Wang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Xiang Hu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Ya-li Zhang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Wu Luo
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Guang Liang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China ,grid.506977.a0000 0004 1757 7957School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 311399 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001 China
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9
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Yang Z, Chen Y, Yan Z, Xu TT, Wu X, Pi A, Liu Q, Chai H, Li S, Dou X. Inhibition of TLR4/MAPKs Pathway Contributes to the Protection of Salvianolic Acid A Against Lipotoxicity-Induced Myocardial Damage in Cardiomyocytes and Obese Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:627123. [PMID: 33762947 PMCID: PMC7982403 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of lipotoxicity during obesity-associated cardiomyopathy is detrimental to health. Salvianolic acid A (SAA), a natural polyphenol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in China), is known to be cardioprotective. However, its clinical benefits against obesity-associated cardiomyocyte injuries are unclear. This study aimed at evaluating the protective effects of SAA against lipotoxicity-induced myocardial injury and its underlying mechanisms in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and in palmitate-treated cardiomyocyte cells (H9c2). Our analysis of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CM-KB) levels revealed that SAA significantly reversed HFD-induced myocardium morphological changes and improved myocardial damage. Salvianolic acid A pretreatment ameliorated palmitic acid-induced myocardial cell death and was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular reactive oxygen species improvement. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms showed that SAA reversed myocardial TLR4 induction in HFD-fed mice and H9c2 cells. Palmitic acid-induced cell death was significantly reversed by CLI-95, a specific TLR4 inhibitor. TLR4 activation by LPS significantly suppressed SAA-mediated lipotoxicity protection. Additionally, SAA inhibited lipotoxicity-mediated expression of TLR4 target genes, including MyD88 and p-JNK/MAPK in HFD-fed mice and H9c2 cells. However, SAA did not exert any effect on palmitic acid-induced SIRT1 suppression and p-AMPK induction. In conclusion, our data shows that SAA protects against lipotoxicity-induced myocardial damage through a TLR4/MAPKs mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- College of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- College of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Yan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Tian Xu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiwen Pi
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxing Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chai
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Molecular Medicine Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Xiao Z, Kong B, Yang H, Dai C, Fang J, Qin T, Huang H. Key Player in Cardiac Hypertrophy, Emphasizing the Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:579036. [PMID: 33324685 PMCID: PMC7725871 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.579036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key pattern recognition receptor, initiates the innate immune response and leads to chronic and acute inflammation. In the past decades, accumulating evidence has implicated TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in regulation of myocardium hypertrophic remodeling, indicating that regulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway may be an effective strategy for managing cardiac hypertrophy's pathophysiology. Given TLR4's significance, it is imperative to review the molecular mechanisms and roles underlying TLR4 signaling in cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we comprehensively review the current knowledge of TLR4-mediated inflammatory response and its interaction ligands and co-receptors, as well as activation of various intracellular signaling. We also describe the associated roles in promoting immune cell infiltration and inflammatory mediator secretion, that ultimately cause cardiac hypertrophy. Finally, we provide examples of some of the most promising drugs and new technologies that have the potential to attenuate TLR4-mediated inflammatory response and prevent or reverse the ominous cardiac hypertrophy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyou Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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