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Lu Y, Wang YD, Xu TQ, Zhao XH, Zhou J, Jin LH, Liu JJ. Pyridostigmine attenuates hypertension by inhibiting activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:7995-8007. [PMID: 38767671 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03156-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) triggers oxidative stress and an inflammatory response in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), in turn increasing the sympathetic hyperactivity that is a major cause of hypertension. Pyridostigmine has cardioprotective effects by suppressing the RAS of myocardial tissue. However, whether pyridostigmine attenuates hypertension by inhibiting the RAS of the PVN remains unclear. We thus investigated the effect and mechanism of pyridostigmine on two-kidney one-clip (2K1C)-induced hypertension. 2K1C rats received pyridostigmine, or not, for 8 weeks. Cardiovascular function, hemodynamic parameters, and autonomic activity were measured. The PVN levels of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and RAS signaling molecules were evaluated. Our results showed that hypertension was accompanied by cardiovascular dysfunction and an autonomic imbalance characterized by enhanced sympathetic but diminished vagal activity. The PVN levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOX-2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased; those of IL-10 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased. Moreover, the RAS signaling pathway was activated, as evidenced by increased levels of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), and the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and a decreased AT2R level. Pyridostigmine lowered blood pressure and improved cardiovascular function, associated with restoration of the autonomic balance. Meanwhile, pyridostigmine decreased PVN IL-6, TNF-α, ROS, NOX-2, and MDA levels and increased IL-10 and SOD levels. Additionally, pyridostigmine suppressed PVN ACE, Ang II, and AT1R levels and increased AT2R expression. Pyridostigmine attenuated hypertension by inhibiting PVN oxidative stress and inflammation induced by the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Dong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian-Qi Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Xu-He Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Lian-Hai Jin
- Low Pressure and Low Oxygen Environment and Health Intervention Innovation Center, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Jun Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China.
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Tan S, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Wang J, Xu J, Zhuang Q, Meng Q, Xi Q, Jiang Y, Wu G. Beta-1 blocker reduces inflammation and preserves intestinal barrier function after open abdominal surgery. Surgery 2020; 169:885-893. [PMID: 33303271 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Open abdominal surgery is frequently related to excessive inflammation and a compromised intestinal barrier, leading to poor clinical outcomes. The administration of beta-1 blocker has been shown to effectively reduce inflammation and preserve intestinal barrier function in patients with sepsis, shock, or other critical illnesses. The underlying mechanism of these effects may be associated with the autonomic nervous system's activation via cholecystokinin receptors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of beta-1 blocker on systemic and local inflammatory responses and the intestinal barrier function in the context of open abdominal surgery. METHODS A rat model of open abdominal surgery was induced through peritoneal air exposure for 3 hours and treated via gavage with the beta-1 blocker, metoprolol, or saline. Cholecystokinin-receptor antagonists were administered before the metoprolol treatment. Peritoneal lavage fluid, serum, and tissues were collected 24 hours after surgery to determine systemic and local inflammation and intestinal integrity. RESULTS The intervention with metoprolol significantly reduced serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (P < .05) and peritoneal interleukin-6 (P < .01) compared with those of animals treated with saline. The intestinal myeloperoxidase indicating the influx of neutrophils was also significantly prevented by the administration of metoprolol (P < .05). Above all, this intervention resulted in a significant decrease in serum D-lactate and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, and Chiu's score for intestinal mucosa injury (P < .05). However, the anti-inflammatory and intestinal integrity protective effects of metoprolol were prevented by the blockage of cholecystokinin receptors (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that beta-1 blocker reduces systemic and local inflammatory responses and preserves intestinal barrier function after open abdominal surgery through a mechanism that depends on cholecystokinin receptors. Clinically, these findings imply that perioperative intervention with a beta-1 blocker may be an effective new therapy to enhance recovery after open abdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Tan
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhige Zhang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Qiulin Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Qingyang Meng
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Qiulei Xi
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Guohao Wu
- Department of General Surgery/Shanghai Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
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El-Bassossy HM, Hassanien MA, Bima A, Ghoneim FM, Elsamanoudy AZ. Renal Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Perinatal Cyclosporine-A Exposed Rat Progeny and its Relation to Gender. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 7:44-49. [PMID: 31008055 PMCID: PMC6442325 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_52_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim of the Work: The current study postulated that cyclosporine A (CSA) could induce gender-specific renal damage. Hence, the current study aims to investigate the nephrotoxic effect of perinatal exposure of male and female rat progeny to CSA. Moreover, it aims to evaluate the oxidative stress and inflammation as a possible pathophysiologic mechanism. Materials and Methods: Female rats were randomly allocated to two groups of four and assigned to undergo either CSA (15 mg/kg/day; the 6th day after conception and continuing until the progeny were weaned) or vehicle treatment as control groups. At the age of 6 weeks, the progeny were divided into the following four groups: male progeny of control-group mothers (M-vehicle, 7); male progeny of CSA-treated mothers (M-CSA, 9); female progeny of control-group mothers (F-vehicle, 7); and female progeny of CSA-treated mothers (F-CSA, 6). Serum adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and creatinine, creatinine clearance, and urinary 8-isoprostane were measured. Histopathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin stain of Kidney was carried out. Results: Proteinuria and decreased creatinine clearance are significant in M-CSA than M-vehicle and F-CSA. 8-isoprostane is lower in F-CSA than F-vehicle. Increased TNF-α and decreased adiponectin levels in M-CSA than M-vehicle were observed. No significant differences were found in female rat groups. Conclusion: From the current study, it could be concluded that CSA could induce renal inflammation as well as oxidative stress that may explain the impaired renal function. The sex difference was a prominent finding in their vulnerability to CSA effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Hassanien
- Assessment Centre and Medical Education Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abdulhadi Bima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma M Ghoneim
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman Zaky Elsamanoudy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Protective Role of Apelin Against Cyclosporine-Induced Renal Tubular Injury in Rats. Transplant Proc 2017; 49:1499-1509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Pioglitazone ameliorates methotrexate-induced renal endothelial dysfunction via amending detrimental changes in some antioxidant parameters, systemic cytokines and Fas production. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 74:139-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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El-Gowelli HM, El-Mas MM. Central modulation of cyclosporine-induced hypertension. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:351-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rizzi E, Guimaraes DA, Ceron CS, Prado CM, Pinheiro LC, Martins-Oliveira A, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. β1-Adrenergic blockers exert antioxidant effects, reduce matrix metalloproteinase activity, and improve renovascular hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:308-17. [PMID: 24933619 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension induces left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by mechanisms involving oxidative stress and unbalanced cardiac matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. We hypothesized that β1-adrenergic receptor blockers with antioxidant properties (nebivolol) could reverse hypertension-induced LVH more effectively than conventional β1-blockers (metoprolol) when used at doses that exert similar antihypertensive effects. Two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) hypertension was induced in male Wistar rats. Six weeks after surgery, hypertensive and sham rats were treated with nebivolol (10 mg kg(-1)day(-1)) or metoprolol (20 mg kg(-1)day(-1)) for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was monitored weekly by tail-cuff plethysmography. LV structural changes and fibrosis were studied in hematoxylin/eosin- and picrosirius-stained sections, respectively. Cardiac MMP levels and activity were determined by in situ zymography, gel zymography, and immunofluorescence. Dihydroethidium and lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence assays were used to assess cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Nitrotyrosine levels were determined in LV samples by immunohistochemistry and green fluorescence and were evaluated using the ImageJ software. Cardiac protein kinase B/Akt (AKT) phosphorylation state was assessed by Western blot. Both β-blockers exerted similar antihypertensive effects and attenuated hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling. Both drugs reduced myocyte hypertrophy and collagen deposition in 2K1C rats. These effects were associated with lower cardiac ROS and nitrotyrosine levels and attenuation of hypertension-induced increases in cardiac MMP-2 levels and in situ gelatinolytic activity after treatment with both β-blockers. Whereas hypertension increased AKT phosphorylation, no effects were found with β-blockers. In conclusion, we found evidence that two β1-blockers with different properties attenuate hypertension-induced LV hypertrophy and cardiac collagen deposition in association with significant cardiac antioxidant effects and MMP-2 downregulation, thus suggesting a critical role for β1-adrenergic receptors in mediating those effects. Nebivolol is not superior to metoprolol, at least with respect to their capacity to reverse hypertension-induced LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla S Ceron
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele M Prado
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Pinheiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alisson Martins-Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Gerlach
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology, and Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Dental School, University of Sao Paulo, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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El-Mas MM, Mohy El-Din MM, Helmy MM, Omar AG. Redox imbalances incite the hypertensive, baroreflex, and autonomic effects of cyclosporine in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 694:82-8. [PMID: 22975291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies including ours showed that cyclosporine (CSA) causes baroreflex dysfunction and hypertension. Here we tested the hypothesis that oxidative damage in central and peripheral tissues underlies the hypertensive, baroreflex and autonomic actions elicited by CSA in rats. We investigated the effects of individual and combined 7-day treatments with CSA (25 mg/kg/day, n=7) and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinoxyl (tempol, superoxide dismutase mimetic, 100 mg/kg/day, n=7) on blood pressure, reflex heart rate responses to peripherally mediated pressor and depressor responses, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. CSA elevated blood pressure and reduced reflex bradycardic (phenylephrine) and tachycardic (sodium nitroptrusside) responses. The ability of muscarinic (atropine, 1 mg/kg i.v.) or β-adrenoceptor blockade (propranolol, 1 mg/kg i.v.) to reduce reflex heart rate responses was reduced in CSA-treated rats, suggesting the impairment by CSA of reflex cardiac autonomic control. Concurrent administration of tempol abolished CSA-induced hypertension and normalized the associated impairment in baroreflex gain and cardiac autonomic control. Tempol also reversed the CSA-induced increases in aortic and brainstem nitrite/nitrate and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreases in aortic superoxide dismutase (SOD). These findings implicate oxidative stress in peripheral and central cardiovascular sites in the deleterious actions of CSA on blood pressure and baroreceptor control of heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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