Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of a Nanotechnological Topical Formulation of Lidocaine/Prilocaine (Nanorap) in Healthy Volunteers

Medical Applications of Hydrogels in Skin Infections: A Review

Skin infections are common diseases for which patients seek inpatient and outpatient medical care. Globally, an increasing number of people are affected by skin infections that could lead to physical and psychological damage. Skin infections always have a broad spectrum of clinical presentations that require physicians to make an aggressive and accurate diagnosis for prescribing the proper symptomatic antimicrobials. In most instances, the treatment for skin infections mainly includes oral or topical anti-infective drugs. However, some of the classical anti-infective drugs have limitations, such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and poor targeting efficiency, which can lead to poor efficacy, adverse effects, and drug resistance. Therefore, research priorities should focus on the development of more effective drug delivery systems with new materials. Hydrogels are a highly multifunctional class of medical materials with potential applications in dermatology. Several hydrogel dressings with anti-infective functions have been formulated and demonstrated to improve the efficacy and tolerance of oral or topical classical anti-infective drugs to a certain degree. In this study, the medical applications of hydrogels for the treatment of various skin infections are systematically reviewed to provide an important theoretical reference for future research studies on the treatment options for skin infections.

Randomized, double-blind, phase III clinical study of a novel nanotechnological topical anesthetic formulation containing lidocaine 25 mg/g and prilocaine 25 mg/g (nanorap) in skin phototypes I-III patients with ablative fractional CO2 laser treatment indication in the forehead

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Nanotechnology may increase the speed of penetration into the skin. This study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of a novel topical anesthetic nanocapsule formulation (2 g) containing 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine (nanorap-test formulation) compared to placebo (control formulation) in skin types I-III patients of both sexes submitted to the ablative fractional CO₂ laser treatment.

METHODS

The patients (n = 120) included in this double-blind, single-center, randomized trial, received topical application of 2 g of the test formulation (50 mg lidocaine + 50 mg prilocaine) and placebo on the forehead region. Efficacy was assessed as pain sensation in four quadrants of each side of the forehead using a visual analogue scale immediately (0 min) and at 30, 60, and 90 minutes after laser application compared to placebo. The safety and tolerability of the test product were evaluated based on the occurrence of systemic adverse events as well as the occurrence of immediate and late skin reactions. Pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed in plasma of eight patients using a validated LC-MS/MS method for drugs quantification.

RESULTS

Nanorap induced a clinically significant reduction in the pain assessment at all evaluated times (57.2%, 41.6%, 38.6%, and 37.3% at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after drug application, respectively. Mean values of C_max were 14.20 and 5.36 ng/ml and t_max were 3.5 and 1.8 hour for lidocaine and prilocaine, respectively. No systemic adverse events were observed.

CONCLUSION

The nanorap formulation demonstrated a clinically and statistically significant efficacy providing analgesia after the ablative fractional CO₂ laser therapy in the investigated patients, when compared to placebo. The product also presented good safety and tolerability. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Tolerability of 2.5% Lidocaine/Prilocaine Hydrogel in Children Undergoing Cryotherapy for Molluscum Contagiosum

The tolerability of a 2.5% lidocaine/prilocaine hydrogel (Nanorap, Biolab Indústria Farmacêutica Ltd., Sao Paulo, Brazil) was evaluated in 20 children ages 2 to 11 years undergoing cryotherapy for molluscum contagiosum (MC). The product was well tolerated, with only two children presenting with eczema at the application site. These adverse reactions were considered unlikely to be related to the test product, because a patch test was negative in one of the individuals and the other event occurred in only one of the two treated areas. Nanorap is an efficacious and well-tolerated option for topical anesthesia in children undergoing cryotherapy for MC.