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Cystic fibrosis foundation consensus statements for the care of cystic fibrosis lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:539-556. [PMID: 34103223 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the indication for transplantation in approximately 15% of recipients worldwide, and Cystic Fibrosis Lung Transplant Recipients (CFLTRs) have excellent long-term outcomes. Yet, CFLTRs have unique comorbidities that require specialized care. The objective of this document is to provide recommendations to CF and lung transplant clinicians for the management of perioperative and underlying comorbidities of CFLTRs and the impact of transplantation on these comorbidities. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) organized a multidisciplinary committee to develop CF Lung Transplant Clinical Care Recommendations. Three workgroups were formed to develop focused questions. Following a literature search, consensus recommendations were developed by the committee members based on literature review, committee experience and iterative revisions, and in response to public comment. The committee formulated 32 recommendation statements in the topics related to infectious disease, endocrine, gastroenterology, pharmacology, mental health and family planning. Broadly, the committee recommends close coordination of care between the lung transplant team, the cystic fibrosis care center, and specialists in other disciplines with experience in the care of CF and lung transplant recipients. These consensus statements will help lung transplant providers care for CFLTRs in order to improve post-transplant outcomes in this population.
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Shah P, Lowery E, Chaparro C, Visner G, Hempstead SE, Abraham J, Bhakta Z, Carroll M, Christon L, Danziger-Isakov L, Diamond JM, Lease E, Leonard J, Litvin M, Poole R, Vlahos F, Werchan C, Murray MA, Tallarico E, Faro A, Pilewski JM, Hachem RR. DUPLICATE: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Consensus Statements for the Care of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Transplant Recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Epps QJ, Epps KL, Zobell JT, Young DC. Optimization of antimicrobials in the treatment of cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: II. Therapies for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:3541-3572. [PMID: 32946194 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review is the second article in the State-of-the-Art series and aims to evaluate medications used in the treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in pediatric and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). ABPA is one of several organisms that are found in the airways of CF patients. This review provides an evidence-based summary of pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD), tolerability, and efficacy studies of medications including corticosteroids, amphotericin B, azole antifungals (isavuconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole), and a monoclonal antibody omalizumab in the treatment of ABPA and identifies areas where further study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quovadis J Epps
- Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kevin L Epps
- Department of Pharmacy, The Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffery T Zobell
- Department of Pharmacy, Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Intermountain Healthcare, Primary Children's Cystic Fibrosis Pediatric Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David C Young
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, L.S. Skaggs Pharmacy Institute, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,University of Utah, University of Utah Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Collins J, Shea K, Parsad S, Plach K, Lee P. The impact of initiating posaconazole on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019; 26:5-12. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155219833440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Posaconazole reduces the risk of invasive Aspergillus in transplant patients, but significantly inhibits tacrolimus metabolism. One study demonstrated that a three-fold dose reduction of tacrolimus was required to obtain therapeutic concentrations when used with posaconazole. However, with empiric dose reduction, there is a risk of subtherapeutic tacrolimus levels and subsequent graft failure or graft-versus-host disease. Overall, the existing data on the impact of posaconazole on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics is limited. Objective The purpose of this study is to determine whether tacrolimus doses should be decreased upon initiation of posaconazole in patients receiving an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Methods This is a retrospective chart review at an academic medical center. All allogeneic stem cell transplant adults who received concomitant posaconazole and tacrolimus from February 2016 through December 2017 were included. Results Seventy-nine patients identified using an internal electronic database were analyzed. The median time to therapeutic tacrolimus concentration was significantly longer in patients who did not receive an empiric dose reduction (0% DR, 10d; 1–30% DR, 4d; 31–65% DR, 5d; >65% DR, 4d; p = 0.0395). The rate of supratherapeutic levels was highest amongst patients who did not receive an empiric DR, and was noted to be significant compared to the group that had 31–65% DR ( p < 0.001). Conclusion This study validates our current practice of instituting an empiric 50% dose reduction of oral tacrolimus to 0.03 mg/kg/day when used concomitantly with posaconazole to achieve therapeutic levels in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kelly Plach
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pauline Lee
- University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Nel JS, Bartelt LA, van Duin D, Lachiewicz AM. Endemic Mycoses in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2018; 32:667-685. [PMID: 30146029 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The endemic mycoses are a group of thermally dimorphic fungal pathogens occupying a specific geographic range. In North America, the chief endemic mycoses are histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis. Endemic fungi can cause serious infections in solid organ transplant recipients from primary infection, reactivation of latent disease, or donor-derived infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Nel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, CB 7030, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Luther A Bartelt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, CB 7030, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David van Duin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, CB 7030, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anne M Lachiewicz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, CB 7030, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Lefeuvre S, Jelassi ML, Benlmouden A, Berge M, Le Guellec C, Billaud EM. [Not Available]. Therapie 2016; 66:115-22. [PMID: 27393646 DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2011010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Posaconazole, systemic antifungal marketed in France since 2006, is indicated as second line in curative treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFI) (aspergillosis. . . ) and prophylaxis of IFI in patients receiving chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The analysis of the literature indicates a concentration-efficacy relationship, but to date, no study has been able to show a concentration-toxicity correlation due to its favourable safety profile and the difficulty to obtain high concentrations. In curative, maintenance of trough plasma concentrations between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L seems to be associate with an efficacy. In prophylaxis, a threshold of 0.5 mg/L corresponds to a minimal exposure. However this target is not yet well defined. Saturation of absorption above the 800 mg oral dose limits the adjustment of concentrations. As such, the Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of posaconazole can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lefeuvre
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital EuropéenGeorgesPompidou, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mohammed-Larbi Jelassi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital EuropéenGeorgesPompidou, Paris, France
| | - Amine Benlmouden
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital EuropéenGeorgesPompidou, Paris, France
| | - Maud Berge
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital EuropéenGeorgesPompidou, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Eliane M Billaud
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital EuropéenGeorgesPompidou, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Robinson C, Chau C, Yerkovich S, Azzopardi M, Hopkins P, Chambers D. Posaconazole in lung transplant recipients: use, tolerability, and efficacy. Transpl Infect Dis 2016; 18:302-8. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.L. Robinson
- Toowoomba Base Hospital; Toowoomba Queensland Australia
| | - C. Chau
- School of Pharmacy; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - S.T. Yerkovich
- School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service; The Prince Charles Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - M. Azzopardi
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service; The Prince Charles Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - P. Hopkins
- School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service; The Prince Charles Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - D. Chambers
- School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service; The Prince Charles Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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A pharmacokinetic analysis of posaconazole oral suspension in the serum and alveolar compartment of lung transplant recipients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 47:69-76. [PMID: 26607341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Fungal prophylaxis following lung transplantation is not standardised, with transplant centres utilising a variety of regimens. Posaconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal triazole that requires further investigation within the setting of lung transplantation. This prospective, single-centre, observational study explored the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole oral suspension (POS) in the early perioperative period following lung transplantation in 26 patients. Organ recipients were scheduled to receive 400mg POS twice daily for 6 weeks as primary antifungal prophylaxis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of serum posaconazole levels was performed in accordance with local clinical protocols. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was sampled during routine bronchoscopies. Posaconazole levels were measured both in serum and BALF using mass spectrometry. Posaconazole levels were highly variable within lung transplant recipients during the perioperative period and did not achieve 'steady-state'. Serum posaconazole concentrations positively correlated with levels within the BALF (r=0.5527; P=0.0105). Of the 26 patients, 10 failed to complete the study for multiple reasons and so the trial was terminated early. Unlike study findings in stable recipients, serum posaconazole levels rarely achieved steady-state in the perioperative period; however, they do reflect the concentrations within the airways of newly transplanted lungs. The role of POS as primary prophylaxis in the perioperative period is uncertain, but if used TDM may be helpful for determining attainment of therapeutic levels.
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Sikma MA, van Maarseveen EM, van de Graaf EA, Kirkels JH, Verhaar MC, Donker DW, Kesecioglu J, Meulenbelt J. Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Tacrolimus Early After Heart and Lung Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2301-13. [PMID: 26053114 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Annually, about 8000 heart and lung transplantations are successfully performed worldwide. However, morbidity and mortality still pose a major concern. Renal failure in heart and lung transplant recipients is an essential adverse cause of morbidity and mortality, often originating in the early postoperative phase. At this time of clinical instability, the kidneys are exposed to numerous nephrotoxic stimuli. Among these, tacrolimus toxicity plays an important role, and its pharmacokinetics may be significantly altered in this critical phase by fluctuating drug absorption, changed protein metabolism, anemia and (multi-) organ failure. Limited understanding of tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in these circumstances is hampering daily practice. Tacrolimus dose adjustments are generally based on whole blood trough levels, which widely vary early after transplantation. Moreover, whole blood trough levels are difficult to predict and are poorly related to the area under the concentration-time curve. Even within the therapeutic range, toxicity may occur. These shortcomings of tacrolimus monitoring may not hold for the unbound tacrolimus plasma concentrations, which may better reflect tacrolimus toxicity. This review focuses on posttransplant tacrolimus pharmacokinetics, discusses relevant factors influencing the unbound tacrolimus concentrations and tacrolimus (nephro-) toxicity in heart and lung transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sikma
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and National Poisons Information Center, University Medical Center of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E M van Maarseveen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E A van de Graaf
- Department of Lung Transplantation, University Medical Center of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J H Kirkels
- Department of Heart Transplantation, University Medical Center of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D W Donker
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Kesecioglu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Meulenbelt
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, National Poisons Information Center, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Enderby CY, Heckman MG, Thomas CS, Keller CA. Tacrolimus dosage requirements in lung transplant recipients receiving antifungal prophylaxis with voriconazole followed by itraconazole: a preliminary prospective study. Clin Transplant 2014; 28:911-5. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cesar A. Keller
- Department of Transplantation; Mayo Clinic; Jacksonville FL USA
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Chen YL, Lehman VN, Averette AF, Perfect JR, Heitman J. Posaconazole exhibits in vitro and in vivo synergistic antifungal activity with caspofungin or FK506 against Candida albicans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57672. [PMID: 23472097 PMCID: PMC3589401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The object of this study was to test whether posaconazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal agent inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, exhibits synergy with the β-1,3 glucan synthase inhibitor caspofungin or the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 against the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Although current drug treatments for Candida infection are often efficacious, the available antifungal armamentarium may not be keeping pace with the increasing incidence of drug resistant strains. The development of drug combinations or novel antifungal drugs to address emerging drug resistance is therefore of general importance. Combination drug therapies are employed to treat patients with HIV, cancer, or tuberculosis, and has considerable promise in the treatment of fungal infections like cryptococcal meningitis and C. albicans infections. Our studies reported here demonstrate that posaconazole exhibits in vitro synergy with caspofungin or FK506 against drug susceptible or resistant C. albicans strains. Furthermore, these combinations also show in vivo synergy against C. albicans strain SC5314 and its derived echinocandin-resistant mutants, which harbor an S645Y mutation in the CaFks1 β-1,3 glucan synthase drug target, suggesting potential therapeutic applicability for these combinations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Lien Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Virginia N. Lehman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anna F. Averette
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John R. Perfect
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing number of invasive fungal infections (IFI) among immunocompromised hosts is a significant clinical issue. Diagnosis of IFI, choosing among the available antifungal drugs, and the high morbidity/mortality associated with IFI pose clinical challenges for healthcare providers. Besides efficacy, a thorough knowledge of the pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions and safety profile of the antifungal drugs is critical for appropriate drug selection. Among the commonly used triazoles, the recently released posaconazole is relatively less well investigated in terms of its safety. With expanding clinical use of posaconazole, the present review examines the safety of the drug and its propensity for drug-drug interaction. AREAS COVERED This paper mainly discusses the safety profile of posaconazole, its adverse effects and drug-drug interaction. EXPERT OPINION Posaconazole is generally safe and well tolerated. Lack of an intravenous formulation and unpredictable bioavailability of the suspension form are significant factors limiting the widespread use of posaconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline L Jacinto
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Detroit, USA.
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Effect of posaconazole on cyclosporine blood levels and dose adjustment in allogeneic blood and marrow transplant recipients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:6422-4. [PMID: 23027192 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01489-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The posaconazole prescribing information recommends an upfront cyclosporine dose reduction upon initiation of posaconazole prophylaxis. We examined this recommendation in the early phase of allogeneic transplantation, where cyclosporine levels potentially becoming subtherapeutic following upfront dose reduction would be deleterious to transplant outcome. Our data show that while posaconazole leads to an increase in cyclosporine levels, subsequent cyclosporine dose reduction can be safely guided by therapeutic drug monitoring and is not required upfront. Therefore, the current recommendation may be modified.
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Girmenia C, Iori AP. Safety and interactions of new antifungals in stem cell transplant recipients. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012; 11:803-18. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2012.712111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Müller FMC, Seidler M. Characteristics of pathogenic fungi and antifungal therapy in cystic fibrosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2010; 8:957-64. [PMID: 20695750 DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A defective mucociliary clearance facilitates colonization with bacteria and fungal spores in cystic fibrosis patients. Yeasts and molds are cultured from the cystic fibrosis respiratory tract and often their clinical relevance is unknown. Candida spp. are the most commonly isolated yeasts, whereas Aspergillus spp., Scedosporium apiospermum, as well as Exophiala dermatitidis in some countries, are the most frequent molds recovered from respiratory specimens. Molecular biotyping studies have revealed that some fungal genotypes are capable of chronically colonizing the airways. Persistent Aspergillus fumigatus infection is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary exacerbations requiring hospitalization. The prevalence of non-Aspergillus molds may be underestimated due to overgrowth of Pseudomonas and Aspergillus spp. on routine media. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is usually treated by oral steroids and an antifungal azole drug. Interactions with the co-medication have to be considered. A small number of antifungal pharmacokinetic studies indicate a high inter-subject variability for itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole, and therefore therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank-Michael C Müller
- University Heidelberg, Department of Pediatrics III, Pediatric Pulmonology, Cystic Fibrosis Centre & Infectious Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Billaud EM, Guillemain R, Berge M, Amrein C, Lefeuvre S, Louët ALL, Boussaud V, Chevalier P. Pharmacological considerations for azole antifungal drug management in cystic fibrosis lung transplant patients. Med Mycol 2010; 48 Suppl 1:S52-9. [DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2010.505203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2010; 22:155-61. [PMID: 20147786 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32833681df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sterling JA. Recent Publications on Medications and Pharmacy. Hosp Pharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4408-711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hospital Pharmacy presents this feature to keep pharmacists abreast of new publications in the medical/pharmacy literature. Articles of interest regarding a broad scope of topics are abstracted monthly.
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